Electron transfer between cytochrome c and p66Shc generates reactive oxygen species that trigger mitochondrial apoptosis
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are potent inducers of oxidative damage and have been implicated in the regulation of specific cellular functions, including apoptosis. Mitochondrial ROS increase markedly after proapoptotic signals, though the biological significance and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain undetermined. P66Shc is a genetic determinant of life span in mammals, which regulates ROS metabolism and apoptosis. We report here that p66Shc is a redox enzyme that generates mitochondrial ROS (hydrogen peroxide) as signaling molecules for apoptosis. For this function, p66Shc utilizes reducing equivalents of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain through the oxidation of cytochrome c. Redox-defective mutants of p66Shc are unable to induce mitochondrial ROS generation and swelling in vitro or to mediate mitochondrial apoptosis in vivo. These data demonstrate the existence of alternative redox reactions of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain, which evolved to generate proapoptotic ROS in response to specific stress signals.
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p66SHC sustains intracellular ROS and regulates redox signaling, mitochondrial apoptosis, and aging.
“P66SHC protein is the largest isoform encoded by the ShcA locus, typical of vertebrates, and it sustains intracellular levels of ROS (Giorgio et al., 2005 Gertz & Steegborn, 2010) and regulates redox signaling pathways (Frijhoff et al., 2014), mitochondrial apoptosis (Migliaccio et al., 2006), and aging (Trinei et al., 2009).”
From P66SHC deletion improves fertility and progeric phenotype of late-generation TERC-deficient mice but not their short lifespan (2016) · cites this paper as Giorgio et al., 2005
Within mitochondria, p66Shc increases oxidant production by oxidizing cytochrome c to produce hydrogen peroxide and activate the mitochondrial transition pore.
“Within the mitochondria, p66Shc increases oxidant production by oxidizing cytochrome c to produce hydrogen peroxide and activate the mitochondrial transition pore (153).”
From Redox regulation of mitochondrial function (2012) · cites this paper as [153]
PKCβ-induced Ser26 phosphorylation of p66Shc triggers its transport from cytosol to mitochondria, where it promotes reactive oxygen species accumulation by oxidizing cytochrome c and leads to apoptosis.
“Induction of Ser26 phosphorylation of p66Shc by protein kinase C-β (PKCβ) triggers the transport of p66Shc from the cytosol to mitochondria, where it promotes ROS accumulation by oxidizing cytochrome c184, ultimately leading to apoptosis.”
From Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in ageing and age-related diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [184]
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“…ShcP knockout mice resist oxidative stress (Migliaccio et al., 1999) and that the longevity of ShcP mice has been attributed to oxidative stress resistance and changes in mitochondrial biogenesis (Trinei et al., 2009) and the role of p66Shc in mitochondrial apoptosis process (Giorgio et al., 2005).”
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Martin-Padura, I., de Nigris, F., Migliaccio, E., Mansueto, G., Minardi, S., Rienzo, M., Lerman, L. O., Stendardo, M., Giorgio, M., De Rosa, G., et al. (2008) · Endothelium · doi:10.1080/10623320802487791 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationThe P66Shc/mitochondrial permeability transition pore pathway determines neurodegeneration
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Self-citationFrijhoff, J., Dagnell, M., Augsten, M., Beltrami, E., Giorgio, M., & Östman, A. (2014) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.12.022 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationShahzad, K., Gadi, I., Nazir, S., Al-Dabet, M. M., Kohli, S., Bock, F., Breitenstein, L., Ranjan, S., Fuchs, T., Halloul, Z., et al. (2018) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-018-0108-5 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationp66Shc-induced redox changes drive endothelial insulin resistance
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p66Shc aging protein in control of fibroblasts cell fate
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Self-citationModelling the p53/p66Shc Aging Pathway in the Shortest Living Vertebrate Nothobranchius Furzeri
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Self-citationGiorgio, M., Stendardo, M., Migliaccio, E., & Pelicci, P. G. (2016) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.12448 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“P66SHC protein is the largest isoform encoded by the ShcA locus, typical of vertebrates, and it sustains intracellular levels of ROS (Giorgio et al., 2005 Gertz & Steegborn, 2010) and regulates redox signaling pathways (Frijhoff et al., 2014), mitochondrial apoptosis (Migliaccio et al., 2006), and aging (Trinei et al.…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
- Authors
- Giorgio, M., Migliaccio, E., Orsini, F., Paolucci, D., Moroni, M., Contursi, C., Pelliccia, G., Luzi, L., Minucci, S., Marcaccio, M., Pinton, P., Rizzuto, R., Bernardi, P., Paolucci, F., & Pelicci, P. G.
- Affiliations
- IFOM (IT)
- University of Bologna (IT)
- European Institute of Oncology (IT)
- University of Ferrara (IT)
- University of Padua (IT)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Giorgio, Marco
- Pelicci, Pier Giuseppe
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-07
- Volume
- 122
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 221-233
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2150381945
- Cited by
- 1,176
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 72
- FWCI
- 18.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Keywords
- p66Shc, cytochrome c, electron transfer, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial apoptosis, hydrogen peroxide, mitochondrial electron transport chain, redox signaling, oxidative stress, mitochondrial swelling, lifespan
- MeSH terms
- Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Electron Transport, Hydrogen Peroxide, Intracellular Membranes, Mitochondria, Liver, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Oxidation-Reduction, Permeability, Signal Transduction, Apoptosis, Reactive Oxygen Species, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Cytochromes c, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Mice, Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins
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