The DOI matches its Crossref record; 142 of the 142 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Symbiotic View of Life: We Have Never Been Individuals
Abstract
The notion of the "biological individual" is crucial to studies of genetics, immunology, evolution, development, anatomy, and physiology. Each of these biological subdisciplines has a specific conception of individuality, which has historically provided conceptual contexts for integrating newly acquired data. During the past decade, nucleic acid analysis, especially genomic sequencing and high-throughput RNA techniques, has challenged each of these disciplinary definitions by finding significant interactions of animals and plants with symbiotic microorganisms that disrupt the boundaries that heretofore had characterized the biological individual. Animals cannot be considered individuals by anatomical or physiological criteria because a diversity of symbionts are both present and functional in completing metabolic pathways and serving other physiological functions. Similarly, these new studies have shown that animal development is incomplete without symbionts. Symbionts also constitute a second mode of genetic inheritance, providing selectable genetic variation for natural selection. The immune system also develops, in part, in dialogue with symbionts and thereby functions as a mechanism for integrating microbes into the animal-cell community. Recognizing the "holobiont"--the multicellular eukaryote plus its colonies of persistent symbionts--as a critically important unit of anatomy, development, physiology, immunology, and evolution opens up new investigative avenues and conceptually challenges the ways in which the biological subdisciplines have heretofore characterized living entities.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation
Hanahan, D., & Weinberg, R. A. (2011) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013 · Cited by 66,590
Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome
International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, C. F. G. R., Lander, E. S., Linton, L. M., Birren, B., Nusbaum, C., Zody, M. C., Baldwin, J., Devon, K., Dewar, K., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35057062 · Cited by 24,216
An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest
Turnbaugh, P. J., Ley, R. E., Mahowald, M. A., Magrini, V., Mardis, E. R., & Gordon, J. I. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05414 · Cited by 12,444
A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing
MetaHIT Consortium, Qin, J., Li, R., Raes, J., Arumugam, M., Burgdorf, K. S., Manichanh, C., Nielsen, T., Pons, N., Levenez, F., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08821 · Cited by 11,624
Sources of the self: the making of the modern identity
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-3278 · Cited by 7,136
Turnbaugh, P. J., Ley, R. E., Hamady, M., Fraser-Liggett, C. M., Knight, R., & Gordon, J. I. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06244 · Cited by 6,091
Host-Bacterial Mutualism in the Human Intestine
Bäckhed, F., Ley, R. E., Sonnenburg, J. L., Peterson, D. A., & Gordon, J. I. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1104816 · Cited by 5,277
Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions
Nicholson, J. K., Holmes, E., Kinross, J., Burcelin, R., Gibson, G., Jia, W., & Pettersson, S. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1223813 · Cited by 4,760
Interactions Between the Microbiota and the Immune System
Hooper, L. V., Littman, D. R., & Macpherson, A. J. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1223490 · Cited by 4,173
Bravo, J. A., Forsythe, P., Chew, M. V., Escaravage, E., Savignac, H. M., Dinan, T. G., Bienenstock, J., & Cryan, J. F. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1102999108 · Cited by 3,888
Evolution of mammals and their gut microbes
Ley, R. E., Hamady, M., Lozupone, C., Turnbaugh, P. J., Ramey, R. R., Bircher, J. S., Schlegel, M. L., Tucker, T. A., Schrenzel, M. D., Knight, R., et al. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1155725 · Cited by 3,747
Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity
Hamlyn, D. W., & Taylor, C. (1991) · British Journal of Educational Studies · doi:10.2307/3120882 · Cited by 3,723
THE MAJOR TRANSITIONS OF EVOLUTION
Leigh, E. G. (1995) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04464.x · Cited by 3,410
Ecological and Evolutionary Forces Shaping Microbial Diversity in the Human Intestine
Ley, R. E., Peterson, D. A., & Gordon, J. I. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.017 · Cited by 3,358
Plant succession; an analysis of the development of vegetation,
Clements, F. E. (1916) · Carnegie Institution of Washington eBooks · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.56234 · Cited by 3,255
Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior
Heijtz, R. D., Wang, S., Anuar, F., Qian, Y., Björkholm, B., Samuelsson, A., Hibberd, M. L., Forssberg, H., & Pettersson, S. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1010529108 · Cited by 3,228
Adaptation and Natural Selection: A Critique of Some Current Evolutionary Thought
Williams, G. C. (2008) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · doi:10.1515/9781400820108 · Cited by 2,762
The Major Transitions in Evolution
Maynard Smith, J., & Szathmary, E. (1997) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198502944.001.0001 · Cited by 2,551
A microbial symbiosis factor prevents intestinal inflammatory disease
Mazmanian, S. K., Round, J. L., & Kasper, D. L. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07008 · Cited by 2,340
Molecular Analysis of Commensal Host-Microbial Relationships in the Intestine
Hooper, L. V., Wong, M. H., Thelin, A., Hansson, L., Falk, P. G., & Gordon, J. I. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.291.5505.881 · Cited by 2,202
Diet Drives Convergence in Gut Microbiome Functions Across Mammalian Phylogeny and Within Humans
Muegge, B. D., Kuczynski, J., Knights, D., Clemente, J. C., González, A., Fontana, L., Henrissat, B., Knight, R., & Gordon, J. I. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1198719 · Cited by 1,988
Lewontin, R. C. (1970) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.es.01.110170.000245 · Cited by 1,924
On the origin of mitosing cells
Sagan, L. (1967) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-5193(67)90079-3 · Cited by 1,870
A Wolbachia Symbiont in Aedes aegypti Limits Infection with Dengue, Chikungunya, and Plasmodium
Moreira, L. A., Iturbe-Ormaetxe, I., Jeffery, J. A., Lu, G., Pyke, A. T., Hedges, L. M., Rocha, B. C., Hall-Mendelin, S., Day, A., Riegler, M., et al. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.11.042 · Cited by 1,755
Margulis, L. (1981) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,742
Role of microorganisms in the evolution of animals and plants: the hologenome theory of evolution
Zilber-Rosenberg, I., & Rosenberg, E. (2008) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00123.x · Cited by 1,739
Disease Tolerance as a Defense Strategy
Medzhitov, R., Schneider, D. S., & Soares, M. P. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1214935 · Cited by 1,718
The impact of retrotransposons on human genome evolution
Cordaux, R., & Batzer, M. A. (2009) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2640 · Cited by 1,703
Phenotypic Plasticity in the Interactions and Evolution of Species
Agrawal, A. A. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1060701 · Cited by 1,630
The Toll-like receptor 2 pathway establishes colonization by a commensal of the human microbiota
Round, J. L., Lee, S. M., Li, J., Tran, G., Jabri, B., Chatila, T. A., & Mazmanian, S. K. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1206095 · Cited by 1,604
The role of microorganisms in coral health, disease and evolution
Rosenberg, E., Koren, O., Reshef, L., Efrony, R., & Zilber-Rosenberg, I. (2007) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro1635 · Cited by 1,502
Sponge-Associated Microorganisms: Evolution, Ecology, and Biotechnological Potential
Taylor, M. W., Radax, R., Steger, D., & Wagner, M. (2007) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.00040-06 · Cited by 1,481
Evolution and the Levels of Selection
Okasha, S. (2006) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199267972.001.0001 · Cited by 1,472
The Application of Ecological Theory Toward an Understanding of the Human Microbiome
Costello, E. K., Stagaman, K., Dethlefsen, L., Bohannan, B. J. M., & Relman, D. A. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1224203 · Cited by 1,437
Symbiotic bacteria direct expression of an intestinal bactericidal lectin
Cash, H. L., Whitham, C. V., Behrendt, C. L., & Hooper, L. V. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1127119 · Cited by 1,432
Endosymbiosis of Animals with Plant Microorganisms
Batra, L. R., & Buchner, P. (1968) · Mycologia · doi:10.2307/3757184 · Cited by 1,245
Teixeira, L., Ferreira, Á., & Ashburner, M. (2008) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000002 · Cited by 1,214
Has the Microbiota Played a Critical Role in the Evolution of the Adaptive Immune System?
Lee, Y. K., & Mazmanian, S. K. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1195568 · Cited by 1,121
Transfer of carbohydrate-active enzymes from marine bacteria to Japanese gut microbiota
Hehemann, J.-H., Correc, G., Barbeyron, T., Helbert, W., Czjzek, M., & Michel, G. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08937 · Cited by 1,117
Endosymbiosis of animals with plant microorganisms
Brooks, M. A. (1966) · Journal of Invertebrate Pathology · doi:10.1016/0022-2011(66)90065-6 · Cited by 1,106
Developmental regulation of intestinal angiogenesis by indigenous microbes via Paneth cells
Stappenbeck, T. S., Hooper, L. V., & Gordon, J. I. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.202604299 · Cited by 1,095
History and philosophy of the life sciences
di Napoli, S. Z. (1979) · Casa Editrice Leo S. Olschki s.r.l. eBooks · Cited by 1,054
Hull, D. L. (1980) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.es.11.110180.001523 · Cited by 1,028
Treating Clostridium difficile infection with fecal microbiota transplantation
Bakken, J. S., Borody, T., Brandt, L. J., Brill, J. V., Demarco, D. C., Franzos, M. A., Kelly, C., Khoruts, A., Louie, T., Martinelli, L. P., et al. (2011) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2011.08.014 · Cited by 1,003
The core gut microbiome, energy balance and obesity
Turnbaugh, P. J., & Gordon, J. I. (2009) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2009.174136 · Cited by 993
The microbiome-gut-brain axis: from bowel to behavior
Cryan, J. F., & O’Mahony, S. M. (2011) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01664.x · Cited by 990
Gnotobiotic zebrafish reveal evolutionarily conserved responses to the gut microbiota
Rawls, J. F., Samuel, B. S., & Gordon, J. I. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0400706101 · Cited by 979
Rawls, J. F., Mahowald, M. A., Ley, R. E., & Gordon, J. I. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.043 · Cited by 958
Hungate, R. E. (1975) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.es.06.110175.000351 · Cited by 933
Commensal bacteria play a role in mating preference of Drosophila melanogaster
Sharon, G., Segal, D., Ringo, J. M., Hefetz, A., Zilber-Rosenberg, I., & Rosenberg, E. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1009906107 · Cited by 832
IgA Response to Symbiotic Bacteria as a Mediator of Gut Homeostasis
Peterson, D. A., McNulty, N. P., Guruge, J. L., & Gordon, J. I. (2007) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2007.09.013 · Cited by 828
Greenblum, S., Turnbaugh, P. J., & Borenstein, E. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1116053109 · Cited by 821
Widespread Lateral Gene Transfer from Intracellular Bacteria to Multicellular Eukaryotes
Hotopp, J. C. D., Clark, M. E., Oliveira, D. C. S. G., Foster, J. M., Fischer, P., Torres, M. C. M., Giebel, J. D., Kumar, N., Ishmael, N., Wang, S., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1142490 · Cited by 817
Transposable elements have rewired the core regulatory network of human embryonic stem cells
Kunarso, G., Chia, N.-Y., Jeyakani, J., Hwang, C., Lu, X., Chan, Y.-S., Ng, H.-H., & Bourque, G. (2010) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.600 · Cited by 777
Human milk glycobiome and its impact on the infant gastrointestinal microbiota
Zivkovic, A. M., German, J. B., Lebrilla, C. B., & Mills, D. A. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1000083107 · Cited by 679
Distinct signals from the microbiota promote different aspects of zebrafish gut differentiation
Bates, J. M., Mittge, E., Kuhlman, J., Baden, K. N., Cheesman, S. E., & Guillemin, K. (2006) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.05.006 · Cited by 602
Ecological developmental biology: integrating epigenetics, medicine, and evolution
(2009) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.46-5590 · Cited by 552
Symbiosis as a source of evolutionary innovation: Speciation and morphogenesis
Cavalier-Smith, T. (1992) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/0169-5347(92)90028-a · Cited by 546
Molecular Interactions between Bacterial Symbionts and Their Hosts
Dale, C., & Moran, N. A. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.014 · Cited by 546
Symbionts as Major Modulators of Insect Health: Lactic Acid Bacteria and Honeybees
Vásquez, A., Forsgren, E., Fries, I., Paxton, R. J., Flaberg, E., Szekely, L., & Olofsson, T. C. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033188 · Cited by 515
Symbiosis as an adaptive process and source of phenotypic complexity
Moran, N. A. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0611659104 · Cited by 500
Symbiotic Bacterium Modifies Aphid Body Color
Tsuchida, T., Koga, R., Horikawa, M., Tsunoda, T., Maoka, T., Matsumoto, S., Simon, J.-C., & Fukatsu, T. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1195463 · Cited by 499
Bacteriophages encode factors required for protection in a symbiotic mutualism
Oliver, K. M., Degnan, P. H., Hunter, M. S., & Moran, N. A. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1174463 · Cited by 481
Ecological Developmental Biology: Developmental Biology Meets the Real World
Gilbert, S. F. (2001) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.2001.0210 · Cited by 478
Self-citationHost–Bacterial Symbiosis in Health and Disease
Chow, J., Lee, S. M., Shen, Y., Khosravi, A., & Mazmanian, S. K. (2010) · Advances in Immunology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-381300-8.00008-3 · Cited by 469
Commensal bacteria-derived signals regulate basophil hematopoiesis and allergic inflammation
Hill, D. A., Siracusa, M. C., Abt, M. C., Kim, B. S., Kobuley, D., Kubo, M., Kambayashi, T., LaRosa, D. F., Renner, E. D., Orange, J. S., et al. (2012) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2657 · Cited by 468
Aphid Thermal Tolerance Is Governed by a Point Mutation in Bacterial Symbionts
Dunbar, H. E., Wilson, A. C. C., Ferguson, N. R., & Moran, N. A. (2007) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050096 · Cited by 458
Lynch, V. J., Leclerc, R. D., May, G., & Wagner, G. P. (2011) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.917 · Cited by 427
Levels of Selection in Evolution
(2019) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctvs32rf8 · Cited by 414
An Interdependent Metabolic Patchwork in the Nested Symbiosis of Mealybugs
McCutcheon, J. P., & von Dohlen, C. D. (2011) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.06.051 · Cited by 380
Rhee, K.-J., Sethupathi, P., Driks, A., Lanning, D. K., & Knight, K. L. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.2.1118 · Cited by 375
Evolution by association: a history of symbiosis
(1995) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.32-6211 · Cited by 373
Douglas, A. E. (2010) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781400835430 · Cited by 372
Antimicrobial Peptides Keep Insect Endosymbionts Under Control
Login, F. H., Balmand, S., Vallier, A., Vincent-Monégat, C., Vigneron, A., Weiss-Gayet, M., Rochat, D., & Heddi, A. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1209728 · Cited by 354
The origin of the eukaryotic cell: A genomic investigation
Hartman, H., & Fedorov, A. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.032658599 · Cited by 335
Transposable elements: powerful facilitators of evolution
Oliver, K. R., & Greene, W. K. (2009) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.200800219 · Cited by 312
Unseen Forces: The Influence of Bacteria on Animal Development
McFall-Ngai, M. J. (2002) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.2001.0522 · Cited by 303
Why bacteria matter in animal development and evolution
Fraune, S., & Bosch, T. C. G. (2010) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.200900192 · Cited by 301
Endogenous RNA Interference Provides a Somatic Defense against Drosophila Transposons
Chung, W.-J., Okamura, K., Martin, R., & Lai, E. C. (2008) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.05.006 · Cited by 287
Mohamadzadeh, M., Pfeiler, E. A., Brown, J. B., Zadeh, M., Gramarossa, M., Managlia, E., Bere, P., Sarraj, B., Khan, M. W., Pakanati, K. C., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1005066107 · Cited by 279
Cell differentiation and morphogenesis in the colony-forming choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta
Dayel, M. J., Alegado, R. A., Fairclough, S. R., Levin, T. C., Nichols, S. A., McDonald, K., & King, N. (2011) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.06.003 · Cited by 277
Coordination of tolerogenic immune responses by the commensal microbiota
Round, J. L., O'Connell, R. M., & Mazmanian, S. K. (2010) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2009.11.007 · Cited by 264
Evolution By Association: A History of Symbiosis
Sapp, J. (1994) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195088205.001.0001 · Cited by 256
Self-citationThe Problem of Biological Individuality
Clarke, E. (2010) · Biological Theory · doi:10.1162/biot_a_00068 · Cited by 253
Sapp, J. (2003) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195156195.001.0001 · Cited by 243
Self-citationImmunology: The science of self-nonself discrimination
Klein, J. (1982) · Andalas University Repository (Andalas University) · Cited by 242
Obata, T., Goto, Y., Kunisawa, J., Sato, S., Sakamoto, M., Setoyama, H., Matsuki, T., Nonaka, K., Shibata, N., Gohda, M., et al. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1001061107 · Cited by 229
A new vision of immunity: homeostasis of the superorganism
Eberl, G. (2010) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2010.20 · Cited by 224
Duan, J., Chung, H., Troy, E., & Kasper, D. L. (2010) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2010.01.005 · Cited by 224
Symbiosis as a source of selectable epigenetic variation: taking the heat for the big guy
Gilbert, S. F., McDonald, E., Boyle, N., Buttino, N., Gyi, L., Mai, M., Prakash, N., & Robinson, J. (2010) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0245 · Cited by 217
Self-citationAvise, J. C. (1991) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ge.25.120191.000401 · Cited by 210
Hoerauf, A., Mand, S., Volkmann, L., Büttner, M., Marfo-Debrekyei, Y., Taylor, M., Adjei, O., & Büttner, D. W. (2003) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(03)00026-1 · Cited by 204
Thomas, L. (1971) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197105132841908 · Cited by 201
Strain-resolved community genomic analysis of gut microbial colonization in a premature infant
Morowitz, M. J., Denef, V. J., Costello, E. K., Thomas, B. C., Poroyko, V., Relman, D. A., & Banfield, J. F. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1010992108 · Cited by 200
Parasitic inhibition of cell death facilitates symbiosis
Pannebakker, B. A., Loppin, B., Elemans, C. P. H., Humblot, L., & Vavre, F. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0607845104 · Cited by 193
Possible involvement of SINEs in mammalian-specific brain formation
Sasaki, T., Nishihara, H., Hirakawa, M., Fujimura, K., Tanaka, M., Kokubo, N., Kimura-Yoshida, C., Matsuo, I., Sumiyama, K., Saitou, N., et al. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0709398105 · Cited by 193
Niess, J. H., Leithäuser, F., Adler, G., & Reimann, J. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.1.559 · Cited by 192
Genesis: The Evolution of Biology
Sapp, J. (2003) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 179
Self-citationGordon, J. I. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1224686 · Cited by 172
Obligate Symbionts Activate Immune System Development in the Tsetse Fly
Weiss, B. L., Maltz, M., & Aksoy, S. (2012) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1103691 · Cited by 163
Horizontally transferred fungal carotenoid genes in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae
Altincicek, B., Kovacs, J. L., & Gerardo, N. M. (2012) · Biology Letters · doi:10.1098/rsbl.2011.0704 · Cited by 161
The group selection controversy
Leigh, E. G. (2009) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01876.x · Cited by 155
IgA Protease Production as a Characteristic Distinguishing Pathogenic from Harmless Neisseriaceae
Mulks, M. H., & Plaut, A. G. (1978) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197811022991802 · Cited by 151
Intracellular invasion of green algae in a salamander host
Kerney, R. R., Kim, E., Hangarter, R. P., Heiss, A. A., Bishop, C. D., & Hall, B. K. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1018259108 · Cited by 150
Correction: Symbionts as Major Modulators of Insect Health: Lactic Acid Bacteria and Honeybees
Vásquez, A., Forsgren, E., Fries, I., Paxton, R. J., Flaberg, E., Székely, L., & Olofsson, T. C. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/annotation/3ac2b867-c013-4504-9e06-bebf3fa039d1 · Cited by 148
What is an organism? An immunological answer.
Pradeu, T. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 144
Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic distribution of the mammalian cecal appendix
SMITH, H. F., FISHER, R. E., EVERETT, M. L., THOMAS, A. D., RANDAL BOLLINGER, R., & PARKER, W. (2009) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01809.x · Cited by 138
Is It Time for a Metagenomic Basis of Therapeutics?
Haiser, H. J., & Turnbaugh, P. J. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1224396 · Cited by 136
The new foundations of evolution: on the tree of life
(2010) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.47-6233 · Cited by 135
A Randomized Trial of Doxycycline for Mansonella perstans Infection
Coulibaly, Y. I., Dembélé, B., Diallo, A. A., Lipner, E. M., Doumbia, S. S., Coulibaly, S. Y., Konaté, S., Diallo, D. A., Yalcouyé, D., Kubofcik, J., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0900863 · Cited by 131
McFall‐Ngai, M., Heath-Heckman, E., Gillette, A. A., Peyer, S. M., & Harvie, E. A. (2011) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2011.11.006 · Cited by 120
Immunology: The science of self-nonself discrimination
Cohn, M. (1983) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(83)90127-5 · Cited by 119
The regulation of cancer cell death and metabolism by extracellular matrix attachment
Buchheit, C. L., Rayavarapu, R. R., & Schafer, Z. T. (2012) · Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.04.007 · Cited by 115
Emera, D., Casola, C., Lynch, V. J., Wildman, D. E., Agnew, D., & Wagner, G. P. (2011) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msr189 · Cited by 114
piRNAs, transposon silencing, and germline genome integrity
Castaneda, J. M., Genzor, P., & Bortvin, A. L. (2011) · Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.05.002 · Cited by 107
McFall‐Ngai, M., Nyholm, S. V., & Castillo, M. G. (2009) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2009.11.003 · Cited by 103
Michod, R. E., & Roze, D. (1997) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1997.0119 · Cited by 100
The Genome in Its Ecological Context: Philosophical Perspectives on Interspecies Epigenesis
Gilbert, S. F. (2002) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04919.x · Cited by 98
Self-citationIntestinal bacteria and development of the B-lymphocyte repertoire
Lanning, D. K., Rhee, K., & Knight, K. L. (2005) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2005.06.001 · Cited by 77
A Mixed Self: The Role of Symbiosis in Development
Pradeu, T. (2011) · Biological Theory · doi:10.1007/s13752-011-0011-5 · Cited by 75
Models of mitochondrial DNA transmission genetics and evolution in higher eucaryotes
Chapman, R. W., Stephens, J. C., Lansman, R. A., & Avise, J. C. (1982) · Genetics Research · doi:10.1017/s0016672300018899 · Cited by 71
Genetic and metabolic determinants of nutritional phenotype in an insect-bacterial symbiosis
Macdonald, S. J., Thomas, G. H., & Douglas, A. E. (2011) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05031.x · Cited by 67
Moving beyond the immune self?
Tauber, A. I. (2000) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1006/smim.2000.0237 · Cited by 64
Self-citationHansen, R. D. E., Trees, A. J., Bah, G. S., et al. (2010) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.2367 · Cited by 62
Microbial Phylogeny and Evolution: concepts and controversies.
Sapp, J. (2004) · Cited by 59
Self-citationEIGHT CRITICISMS NOT TO MAKE ABOUT GROUP SELECTION
Eldakar, O. T., & Wilson, D. S. (2011) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01290.x · Cited by 59
Factor H and Neisserial pathogenesis
Welsch, J. A., & Ram, S. (2008) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.060 · Cited by 59
Microbial Phylogeny and Evolution: Concepts and Controversies
Andersson, J. O. (2006) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1080/10635150500541573 · Cited by 54
Kaneko‐Ishino, T., & Ishino, F. (2010) · Development Growth & Differentiation · doi:10.1111/j.1440-169x.2010.01194.x · Cited by 52
Sources of variation in dietary requirements in an obligate nutritional symbiosis
Vogel, K. J., & Moran, N. A. (2011) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.1304 · Cited by 47
ARE WE STALLED PART WAY THROUGH A MAJOR EVOLUTIONARY TRANSITION FROM INDIVIDUAL TO GROUP?
Stearns, S. C. (2007) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00202.x · Cited by 45
The all-sufficiency of natural selection : a reply to Herbert Spencer
Weismann, A. (1893) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 43
The Immune System and Its Ecology
Tauber, A. I. (2008) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/590200 · Cited by 43
Self-citationMcLean, P. G., Bergonzelli, G. E., Collins, S. M., & Berčík, P. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1118626109 · Cited by 29
Ballal, S. A., Gallini, C. A., Segata, N., Huttenhower, C., & Garrett, W. S. (2011) · Cellular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2011.01572.x · Cited by 27
Paul Buchner (1886–1978) and hereditary symbiosis in insects
Sapp, J. (2002) · International Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s10123-002-0079-7 · Cited by 27
Self-citationThe New Foundations of Evolution
Sapp, J. (1999) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195388497.001.0001 · Cited by 24
Self-citationHeritable Microorganisms and Reproductive Parasitism.
Werren, J. H., & Sapp, J. (2004) · Cited by 16
Self-citationExpanding Immunology: defensive versus ecological perspectives
Tauber, A. I. (2008) · Perspectives in biology and medicine · doi:10.1353/pbm.0.0000 · Cited by 16
Self-citationSpirochete contributions to the eukaryotic genome
Hall, J. L. (2011) · Symbiosis · doi:10.1007/s13199-011-0136-0 · Cited by 5
Hoshi, N., & Medzhitov, R. M. (2012) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2767 · Cited by 1
Cited by
Milani, C., Duranti, S., Bottacini, F., Casey, E., Turroni, F., Mahony, J., Belzer, C., Delgado Palacio, S., Arboleya Montes, S., Mancabelli, L., et al. (2017) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.00036-17 · Cited by 1,950
Pathways to zoonotic spillover
Plowright, R. K., Parrish, C. R., McCallum, H., Hudson, P. J., Ko, A. I., Graham, A. L., & Lloyd-Smith, J. O. (2017) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.45 · Cited by 1,244
Host Biology in Light of the Microbiome: Ten Principles of Holobionts and Hologenomes
Bordenstein, S. R., & Theis, K. R. (2015) · PLOS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002226 · Cited by 1,240
Art in the Anthropocene: Encounters Among Aesthetics, Politics, Environments and Epistemologies
Davis, H., & Turpin, E. (2015) · Open Humanities Press eBooks · doi:10.26530/oapen_560010 · Cited by 630
The plant microbiome explored: implications for experimental botany
Berg, G., Rybakova, D., Grube, M., & Köberl, M. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/erv466 · Cited by 555
Metadata
- Authors
- Gilbert, S. F., Sapp, J., & Tauber, A. I.
- Venue
- The Quarterly Review of Biology
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 325-341
- ISSN
- 0033-5770 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-7718
- OpenAlex
- W2169651905
- Cited by
- 1,201
- References
- 142
- FWCI
- 28.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
