Cross-modal plasticity revealed by electrotactile stimulation of the tongue in the congenitally blind
Abstract
In sensory substitution, information acquired with one sensory modality is used to accomplish a task which is normally subserved primarily by another sensory modality. We used PET to study cross-modal plasticity in the congenitally blind, using electrotactile stimulation of the tongue. Blind (n = 6) and sighted blindfolded controls (n = 5) were scanned before and after they were trained to use their tongue in a Snellen orientation detection task. Results showed that both groups of subjects learned the discrimination orientation task after seven 1 h training sessions. Before training, no significant changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were observed in the occipital cortex in either group. In sharp contrast, activity in the occipital cortex increased after practice for the blind, but not for the sighted, providing evidence for training-induced plasticity in the blind. An inter-regional correlation analysis showed that task-related rCBF changes in left posterior parietal cortex were positively correlated with rCBF changes in the occipital area of the trained blind. These data reveal that cross-modal plasticity in the blind develops rapidly and that the occipital cortex is part of a functional neural network for tactile discrimination in conjunction with the posterior parietal cortex. Our data further show that the tongue can act as a portal to convey somatosensory information to visual cortex.
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“Indeed, several groups investigated sensory substitution in blind subjects, trying to re-establish a sensory modality that has been lost by utilizing another one (Bach-y-Rita et al., 1998; Arno et al., 2001; Ptito et al., 2005; Renier et al., 2005; Amedi et al., 2010).”
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- Authors
- Ptito, M.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Ptito, M.
- ORCID
- Ptito, M.
- Venue
- Brain
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-01-05
- Volume
- 128
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 606-614
- ISSN
- 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2156
- OpenAlex
- W2106810646
- Cited by
- 310
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 5.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsråd
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- cross-modal plasticity, congenital blindness, sensory substitution, electrocutaneous stimulation, tongue, occipital cortex, posterior parietal cortex, regional cerebral blood flow, visual cortex
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blindness, Brain, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Discrimination, Psychological, Discrimination Learning, Electric Stimulation, Female, Humans, Male, Nerve Net, Neuronal Plasticity, Orientation, Parietal Lobe, Sensory Aids, Tongue, Touch, Visual Cortex, Positron-Emission Tomography
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