Auditory, tactile, and audiotactile information processing following visual deprivation
Abstract
We highlight the results of those studies that have investigated the plastic reorganization processes that occur within the human brain as a consequence of visual deprivation, as well as how these processes give rise to behaviorally observable changes in the perceptual processing of auditory and tactile information. We review the evidence showing that visual deprivation affects the establishment of the spatial coordinate systems involved in the processing of auditory and tactile inputs within the peripersonal space around an individual. In blind individuals, the absence of a conjoint activation of external coordinate systems across modalities co-occurs with a higher capacity to direct auditory and tactile attentional resources to different spatial locations and to ignore irrelevant distractors. Both processes could thus contribute to the reduced spatial multisensory binding that has been observed in those who are blind. The interplay between auditory and tactile information in visually deprived individuals is modulated by attentional factors. Blind individuals typically outperform sighted people in those tasks where the target is presented in one sensory modality (and the other modality acts as a distractor). By contrast, they are less efficient in tasks explicitly requiring the combination of information across sensory modalities. The review highlights how these behavioral effects are subserved by extensive plastic changes at the neural level, with brain areas traditionally involved in visual functioning switching and being recruited for the processing of stimuli within the intact residual senses. We also discuss the roles played by other intervening factors with regard to compensatory mechanisms, such as previous visual experience, age at onset of blindness, and learning effects.
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Vision may be necessary for successful cross-calibration.
“Vision may be necessary for successful cross-calibration (Hötting & Röder, 2009; Occelli et al., 2013; Wallace et al., 2004).”
From Designing sensory-substitution devices: Principles, pitfalls and potential1 (2016) · cites this paper as Occelli et al., 2013
Loss of vision may affect the establishment of peripersonal spatial coordinates, that then affects haptic and auditory processing.
“Occelli et al. (2013) highlight that loss of vision may affect the establishment of peripersonal spatial coordinates, that then affects haptic and auditory processing.”
From Designing sensory-substitution devices: Principles, pitfalls and potential1 (2016) · cites this paper as Occelli et al., 2013
Visual experience is important for the development of a representation of the environment even for another sense, consistent with crossmodal calibration.
“What this may mean is that visual experience is important for the development of a representation of the environment even for another sense, consistent with the idea of crossmodal calibration (Gori et al., 2010; Occelli et al., 2013).”
From Designing sensory-substitution devices: Principles, pitfalls and potential1 (2016) · cites this paper as Occelli et al., 2013
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de Borst, A. W., & de Gelder, B. (2018) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhy151 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The Tactile Dimensions of Abstract Paintings: A Cross-Modal Study
Albertazzi, L., Bacci, F., Canal, L., & Micciolo, R. (2016) · Perception · doi:10.1177/0301006616643660 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Visual Experience Determines the Use of External Reference Frames in Joint Action Control
Dolk, T., Liepelt, R., Prinz, W., & Fiehler, K. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059008 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-motion direction discrimination in the visually impaired
Moser, I., Grabherr, L., Hartmann, M., & Mast, F. W. (2015) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4389-3 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Spatial biases in deaf, blind, and deafblind individuals as revealed by a haptic line bisection task
Cattaneo, Z., Rinaldi, L., Geraci, C., Cecchetto, C., & Papagno, C. (2018) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/1747021817741288 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Helping Blind People Grasp: Evaluating a Tactile Bracelet for Remotely Guiding Grasping Movements
Powell, P., Pätzold, F., Rouygari, M., Furtak, M., Kärcher, S. M., & Peter König, B. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24092949 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Multidimensional Earcon Interaction Design for The Blind: a Proposal and Evaluation
Bustoni, I. A., Hidayatulloh, I., Azhari, S. N., & Augoestin, N. G. (2018) · International Seminar on Research of Information Technology and Intelligent Systems (ISRITI) · doi:10.1109/isriti.2018.8864487 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Neural correlates of audiotactile phonetic processing in early-blind readers: an fMRI study
Pishnamazi, M., Nojaba, Y., Ganjgahi, H., Amousoltani, A., & Oghabian, M. A. (2015) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4515-2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Ageing effects on the attentional capacities and working memory of people who are blind
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The Effect of Blindness on Long-Term Episodic Memory for Odors and Sounds
Kärnekull, S. C., Arshamian, A., Nilsson, M. E., & Larsson, M. U. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01003 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Representation and Perception of the Body in Space
Bassolino, M., & Serino, A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819641-0.00137-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Amedi, A., Shelly, S., Saporta, N., & Catalogna, M. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.111411 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Peter, M. G., Mårtensson, G., Postma, E. M., Nordin, L. E., Westman, E., Boesveldt, S., & Lundström, J. N. (2021) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.017 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Double substitution of non-linguistic perceptual functions
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Event-related potential correlates of visuo-tactile motion processing in congenitally deaf humans
Villwock, A., Bottari, D., & Röder, B. (2022) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108209 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Delvaux, V., Huet, K., Piccaluga, M., & Harmegnies, B. G. (2018) · Journal of Phonetics · doi:10.1016/j.wocn.2018.01.001 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Through the fingers: Use of plastinated anatomical specimens for visually impaired students
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The Development of Audio‐Tactile Spatial Integration: Unraveling Vision's Contribution
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70 jaar onderzoek naar echolokalisatie: welke lessen zijn er te leren voor de praktijk?
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Biopsychosocial Approaches to Understanding Disability: Building Connections: How Teachers Matter
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Perceptual Alignment of Spatial Auditory and Tactile Stimuli for Effective Directional Cueing
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Executive functions in people with visual impairment
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Congenital anosmia and subjective tactile function: A pilot study
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Absence of audio-aerotactile integration in speech perception among congenitally blind adults
Saito, H., Clarté, C., Tiede, M., & Ménard, L. (2025) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/10.0038638
Fırat, R., Arslantürk, N., & Kart, M. (2026) · Uluslararası Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.47770/ukmead.1903051
Did you see the sound? A Bayesian assessment on cross-modal perception in low vision
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- Authors
- Occelli, V., Spence, C., & Zampini, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Trento (IT)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 139
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 189-212
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2012653026
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 284
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Trento) (submittedVersion)
- Edge Hill University Research Information Repository (Edge Hill University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Spatial Neglect and Hemispheric Dysfunction
- Keywords
- visual deprivation, blindness, auditory attention, tactile attention, multisensory integration, peripersonal space, spatial coordinate system, multisensory binding, attentional capture, distractor suppression, neuroplasticity, cross-modal plasticity, learning effects
- MeSH terms
- Auditory Perception, Blindness, Humans, Mental Processes, Touch Perception
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