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Neural Mechanisms of Brain Plasticity with Complex Cognitive Training in Healthy Seniors

Open access
Chapman, S. B., Aslan, S., Spence, J. S., Hart, J. J., Bartz, E. K., Didehbani, N., Keebler, M. W., Gardner, C. M., Strain, J. F., DeFina, L. F., Lu, H.·2015·Cerebral Cortex

Abstract

Complex mental activity induces improvements in cognition, brain function, and structure in animals and young adults. It is not clear to what extent the aging brain is capable of such plasticity. This study expands previous evidence of generalized cognitive gains after mental training in healthy seniors. Using 3 MRI-based measurements, that is, arterial spin labeling MRI, functional connectivity, and diffusion tensor imaging, we examined brain changes across 3 time points pre, mid, and post training (12 weeks) in a randomized sample (n = 37) who received cognitive training versus a control group. We found significant training-related brain state changes at rest; specifically, 1) increases in global and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), particularly in the default mode network and the central executive network, 2) greater connectivity in these same networks, and 3) increased white matter integrity in the left uncinate demonstrated by an increase in fractional anisotropy. Improvements in cognition were identified along with significant CBF correlates of the cognitive gains. We propose that cognitive training enhances resting-state neural activity and connectivity, increasing the blood supply to these regions via neurovascular coupling. These convergent results provide preliminary evidence that neural plasticity can be harnessed to mitigate brain losses with cognitive training in seniors.

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Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Chapman, S. B., Aslan, S., Spence, J. S., Hart, J. J., Bartz, E. K., Didehbani, N., Keebler, M. W., Gardner, C. M., Strain, J. F., DeFina, L. F., & Lu, H.
Venue
Cerebral Cortex
Published
2013-08-28
Volume
25
Issue
2
Pages
396-405
ISSN
  • 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2199
OpenAlex
W2122134216
Cited by
270
References
14
FWCI
8.42
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

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