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Suicide and Suicidal Behavior
Open accessAbstract
Suicidal behavior is a leading cause of injury and death worldwide. Information about the epidemiology of such behavior is important for policy-making and prevention. The authors reviewed government data on suicide and suicidal behavior and conducted a systematic review of studies on the epidemiology of suicide published from 1997 to 2007. The authors' aims were to examine the prevalence of, trends in, and risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior in the United States and cross-nationally. The data revealed significant cross-national variability in the prevalence of suicidal behavior but consistency in age of onset, transition probabilities, and key risk factors. Suicide is more prevalent among men, whereas nonfatal suicidal behaviors are more prevalent among women and persons who are young, are unmarried, or have a psychiatric disorder. Despite an increase in the treatment of suicidal persons over the past decade, incidence rates of suicidal behavior have remained largely unchanged. Most epidemiologic research on suicidal behavior has focused on patterns and correlates of prevalence. The next generation of studies must examine synergistic effects among modifiable risk and protective factors. New studies must incorporate recent advances in survey methods and clinical assessment. Results should be used in ongoing efforts to decrease the significant loss of life caused by suicidal behavior.
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“However, these factors have quite limited clinical use: they are poor predictors of short-term behavior, or are non-modifiable (e.g., gender, past STBs).”
From Don't Miss the Moment: A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Suicide Research (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“Suicide and suicide-related phenomena [ideation i.e., thoughts or fantasies about one's death (27), attempts] represent a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide (28, 29).”
From Don't Miss the Moment: A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Suicide Research (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
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“…of novel risk factors or developmental transactions between intra- and interpersonal risk factors unique to the adolescent period that elucidate why suicidal ideation and behaviors are more likely to appear within this period than any other period in the life span (Nock et al. 2008, 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialShare of the population aged 65 and over, 1970 to 2015
(2016) · Health at a glance. Asia/Pacific · doi:10.1787/health_glance_ap-2016-table40-en · Cited by 236
Liu, R. T., Bettis, A. H., & Burke, T. A. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329171900391x · Cited by 255
Smith, A. R., Zuromski, K. L., & Dodd, D. R. (2018) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.08.023 · Cited by 229
Evidence Base Update of Psychosocial Treatments for Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors in Youth
Glenn, C. R., Esposito, E. C., Porter, A. C., & Robinson, D. J. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2019.1591281 · Cited by 219
“SITBs are relatively rare in childhood but increase significantly during the transition to and throughout adolescence (Glenn et al., 2017; Nock et al., 2008, 2013).”
BackgroundThe role of child sexual abuse in the etiology of suicide and non-suicidal self-injury
Maniglio, R. (2011) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01612.x · Cited by 225
Lifetime suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in Asian Americans.
Cheng, J. K. Y., Fancher, T. L., Ratanasen, M., Conner, K. R., Duberstein, P. R., Sue, S., & Takeuchi, D. T. (2010) · Asian American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018799 · Cited by 218
Franklin, J. C., Fox, K. R., Franklin, C. R., Kleiman, E. M., Ribeiro, J. D., Jaroszewski, A. C., Hooley, J. M., & Nock, M. K. (2016) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000093 · Cited by 217
Self-citationA survey of stress, burnout and well-being in UK dentists
Collin, V., Toon, M. A., O’Selmo, E., Reynolds, L., & Whitehead, P. (2019) · BDJ · doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2019.6 · Cited by 215
The Validity of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide in Adolescence: A Review
Stewart, S. M., Eaddy, M., Horton, S. E., Hughes, J. L., & Kennard, B. D. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2015.1020542 · Cited by 212
Incidence of Suicide in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Kam, D., Salib, A., Gorgy, G., Patel, T. D., Carniol, E. T., Eloy, J. A., Baredes, S., & Park, R. C. W. (2015) · JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2015.2480 · Cited by 211
Mental disorders and risk of suicide attempt: a national prospective study
Hoertel, N., Franco, S., Wall, M. M., Oquendo, M. A., Kerridge, B. T., Limosin, F., & Blanco, C. (2015) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2015.19 · Cited by 216
Klonsky, E. D., Kotov, R., Bakst, S. S., Rabinowitz, J., & Bromet, E. J. (2012) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.2011.00066.x · Cited by 224
Self-citationGlenn, C. R., Lanzillo, E. C., Esposito, E. C., Santee, A. C., Nock, M. K., & Auerbach, R. P. (2017) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0214-0 · Cited by 197
Self-citationZullig, K. J., & Divin, A. L. (2012) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.02.008 · Cited by 216
Tang, F., Byrne, M., & Qin, P. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.005 · Cited by 206
Mars, B., Heron, J., Klonsky, E. D., Moran, P., O'Connor, R. C., Tilling, K., Wilkinson, P., & Gunnell, D. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12878 · Cited by 185
Recent advances in differentiating suicide attempters from suicide ideators
Klonsky, E. D., Qiu, T., & Saffer, B. Y. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000294 · Cited by 193
Discovery and validation of blood biomarkers for suicidality
Le-Niculescu, H., Levey, D. F., Ayalew, M., Palmer, L., Gavrin, L. M., Jain, N., Winiger, E., Bhosrekar, S., Shankar, G., Radel, M., et al. (2013) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2013.95 · Cited by 193
Nock, M. K., Millner, A. J., Joiner, T. E., Gutierrez, P. M., Han, G., Hwang, I., King, A., Naifeh, J. A., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000317 · Cited by 193
Self-citationCareer prevalence and correlates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among firefighters
Stanley, I. H., Hom, M. A., Hagan, C. R., & Joiner, T. E. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.007 · Cited by 192
Canetto, S. S., & Chen, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108561716.042 · Cited by 194
Factors associated with suicidal behaviors in mainland China: a meta-analysis
Li, Y., Li, Y., & Cao, J. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-524 · Cited by 191
Suicidal ideation and reported suicide attempts in Greece during the economic crisis
Economou, M. P., Madianos, M. G., Peppou, L. Ε., Theleritis, C. G., Patelakis, A., & Stefanis, C. N. (2013) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20016 · Cited by 189
Metadata
- Authors
- Nock, M. K., Borges, G., Bromet, E. J., Cha, C. B., Kessler, R. C., & Lee, S.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Venue
- Epidemiologic Reviews
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2008-05-14
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 133-154
- ISSN
- 0193-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1478-6729
- PMC
- PMC2576496
- OpenAlex
- W2123612404
- Cited by
- 2,897
- References
- 253
- Citations by year
- 2026: 134 · 2025: 152 · 2024: 174 · 2023: 152 · 2022: 187 · 2021: 226 · 2020: 252 · 2019: 181 · 2018: 185 · 2017: 156 · 2016: 214 · 2015: 175 · 2014: 203 · 2013: 240 · 2012: 97
- FWCI
- 9.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Epidemiologic Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH077883)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
- Keywords
- suicide, suicidal behavior, suicide epidemiology, prevalence, trends, risk factors, protective factors, sex differences, age of onset, mental illness, suicide prevention, cross-national comparison, United States
- MeSH terms
- Suicide Prevention, Humans, Risk Factors, Suicide, Suicide, Attempted, United States, Self-Injurious Behavior
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