Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 3,753

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 309 of the 309 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary: Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (Constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts)

Open access
Authors/Task Force Members, Graham, I., Atar, D., Borch-Johnsen, K., Boysen, G., Burell, G., Cifkova, R., Dallongeville, J., De Backer, G., Ebrahim, S., Gjelsvik, B., Herrmann-Lingen, C., Hoes, A., Humphries, S., Knapton, M., Perk, J., Priori, S. G., Pyorala, K., Reiner, Z., Ruilope, L., Sans-Menendez, S., Scholte op Reimer, W., Weissberg, P., Wood, D., Yarnell, J., Zamorano, J. L., Other experts who contributed to parts of the guidelines:, Walma, E., Fitzgerald, T., Cooney, M. T., Dudina, A., European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG):, Vahanian, A., Camm, J., De Caterina, R., Dean, V., Dickstein, K., Funck-Brentano, C., Filippatos, G., Hellemans, I., Kristensen, S. D., McGregor, K., Sechtem, U., Silber, S., Tendera, M., Widimsky, P., Zamorano, J. L., Document reviewers:, Hellemans, I., Altiner, A., Bonora, E., Durrington, P. N., Fagard, R., Giampaoli, S., Hemingway, H., Hakansson, J., Kjeldsen, S. E., Larsen, M. L., Mancia, G., Manolis, A. J., Orth-Gomer, K., Pedersen, T., Rayner, M., Ryden, L., Sammut, M., Schneiderman, N., Stalenhoef, A. F., Tokgozoglu, L., Wiklund, O., Zampelas, A.·2007·European Heart Journal
DOI 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm316
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular risk factors-body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), or waist-hip circumference ratio (WHR)? . . . . . . . . . . .

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm316

Cites

309 of 309 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Items 201–309 of 309

Research works printed but not linked: 169

  1. Pyorala, 1994, Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice: recommendations of the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology, European Atherosclerosis Society and the European Society of Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, 110, 121, 10.1016/0021-9150(94)90200-3 · DOI · Paper page
  2. De Backer, 2003, European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Third Joint Task Force of European and other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of eight societies and by invited experts), Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehab, 10, S1
  3. Mancia, 2007, European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension, J Hypertens, 25, 1105, 10.1097/HJH.0b013e3281fc975a · DOI · Paper page
  4. Rydén, 2007, Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: executive summary. The Task Force on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), Eur Heart J, 28, 88, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehl260 · DOI · Paper page
  5. Petersen, 2005, European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics: 2005 edition
  6. Leal, 2006, Economic burden of cardiovascular diseases in the enlarged European Union, Eur Heart J, 27, 1610, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi733 · DOI · Paper page
  7. Kesteloot, 2006, Dynamics of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in Western and Eastern Europe between 1970 and 2000, Eur Heart J, 27, 107, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi511 · DOI · Paper page
  8. Tunstall-Pedoe, 1999, Contribution of trends in survival and coronary-event rates to changes in coronary heart disease mortality: 10 year results from 37 WHO MONICA project populations. Monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease, Lancet, 353, 1547, 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04021-0 · DOI · Paper page
  9. Vartiainen, 1994, Changes in risk factors explain changes in mortality from ischemic heart disease in Finland, BMJ, 309, 23, 10.1136/bmj.309.6946.23 · DOI · Paper page
  10. Pyörälä, 2004, Risk factor management in diabetic and non-diabetic coronary heart disease patients. Findings from Euroaspire I and II surveys, Diabetologia, 47, 1257, 10.1007/s00125-004-1438-z · DOI
  11. Filipovic, 2005, Trends in mortality and hospital admission rates for abdominal aortic aneurysm in England and Wales, 1979–99, Br J Surg, 92, 968, 10.1002/bjs.5118 · DOI
  12. MASS: Multicentre Aneurysm Screening Study Group, 2002, The Multicentre Aneurysm Screening Study (MASS) into the effect of abdominal aortic aneurysm screening on mortality in men: a randomised controlled trial, Lancet, 360, 1531, 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11522-4 · DOI · Paper page
  13. Kroger, 2006, Prevalence of peripheral arterial disease—results of the Heinz Nixdorf recall study, Eur J Epidemiol, 21, 279, 10.1007/s10654-006-0015-9 · DOI
  14. Price, 1999, Relationship between smoking and cardiovascular risk factors in the development of peripheral arterial disease and coronary artery disease: Edinburgh Artery Study, Eur Heart J, 20, 344, 10.1053/euhj.1998.1194 · DOI · Paper page
  15. Bhatt, 2006, International prevalence, recognition, and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in outpatients with atherothrombosis, JAMA, 295, 180, 10.1001/jama.295.2.180 · DOI · Paper page
  16. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group, 2002, MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial, Lancet, 360, 7, 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09327-3 · DOI · Paper page
  17. Henke, 2004, Patients undergoing infrainguinal bypass to treat atherosclerotic vascular disease are underprescribed cardioprotective medication: effect on graft patency, limb salvage, and mortality, J Vasc Surg, 39, 357, 10.1016/j.jvs.2003.08.030 · DOI
  18. Adams, 1993, Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke: definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial: TOAST: Trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment, Stroke, 24, 35, 10.1161/01.STR.24.1.35 · DOI · Paper page
  19. European Stroke Initiative Executive Committee and the EUSI Writing Committee, 2003, European Stroke Initiative Recommendations for Stroke Management. Update 2003, Cerebrovasc Dis, 16, 311, 10.1159/000072554 · DOI · Paper page
  20. Commission of the European Communities, 2005, Green paper. Promoting healthy diets and physical activity: a European dimension for the prevention of overweight, obesity and chronic diseases, Int J Epidemiol, 14
  21. WHO, 2004, Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health
  22. Clark, 2005, Meta-analysis: secondary prevention programs for patients with coronary heart disease, Ann Intern Med, 143, 659, 10.7326/0003-4819-143-9-200511010-00010 · DOI · Paper page
  23. Mc Alister, 2001, Randomised trials of secondary prevention programmes in coronary heart disease: systematic review, BMJ, 323, 957, 10.1136/bmj.323.7319.957 · DOI · Paper page
  24. Sackett, 1996, Evidence Based Medicine: How to Practice and Teach EBM
  25. McColl, 1998, General practitioner's perceptions of the route to evidence based medicine: a questionnaire survey, BMJ, 316, 361, 10.1136/bmj.316.7128.361 · DOI · Paper page
  26. Woolf, 1999, Clinical guidelines: potential benefits, limitations, and harms of clinical guidelines, BMJ, 318, 527, 10.1136/bmj.318.7182.527 · DOI · Paper page
  27. Grol, 1998, Attributes of clinical guidelines that influence use of guidelines in general practice: observational study, BMJ, 317, 858, 10.1136/bmj.317.7162.858 · DOI · Paper page
  28. Egger, 1998, Spurious precision? Meta-analysis of observational studies, BMJ, 316, 140, 10.1136/bmj.316.7125.140 · DOI · Paper page
  29. Hopper, 1999, GISSI-Prevenzione trial, Lancet, 354, 1557, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)76587-9 · DOI
  30. Smeeth, 1999, Numbers needed to treat derived from meta-analyses—sometimes informative, usually misleading, BMJ, 318, 548, 10.1136/bmj.318.7197.1548 · DOI · Paper page
  31. EUROASPIRE I and II Group; European Action on Secondary Prevention by Intervention to Reduce Events, 2001, Clinical reality of coronary prevention programmes: a comparison of EUROASPIRE I & II in 9 countries. EUROASPIRE I & II Group. European Action on Secondary prevention by Intervention to Reduce Events, Lancet, 357, 995, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04235-5 · DOI · Paper page
  32. EUROASPIRE Study Group: European Action on Secondary Prevention by Intervention to Reduce Events, 1997, EUROASPIRE. A European Society of Cardiology survey of secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: principal results, Eur Heart J, 18, 1569, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015136 · DOI · Paper page
  33. Rose, 1981, The strategy of prevention: lessons from cardiovascular disease, BMJ, 282, 1847, 10.1136/bmj.282.6279.1847 · DOI · Paper page
  34. Anderson, 1991, An updated coronary risk profile. A statement for health professionals, Circulation, 83, 356, 10.1161/01.CIR.83.1.356 · DOI · Paper page
  35. Vartiainen, 2000, Cardiovascular risk factor changes in Finland I 1972–1997, Int J Epidemiol, 29, 49, 10.1093/ije/29.1.49 · DOI · Paper page
  36. Linden, 1996, Psychosocial interventions for patients with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis, Arch Intern Med, 156, 745, 10.1001/archinte.1996.00440070065008 · DOI · Paper page
  37. Blumenthal, 2005, Effects of exercise and stress management training on markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with ischemic heart disease: a randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 293, 1626, 10.1001/jama.293.13.1626 · DOI · Paper page
  38. US Department of Health and Human Services, 1990, The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation
  39. McEwen, 2006, Manual of Smoking Cessation, 10.1002/9780470757864 · DOI
  40. Larsson, 1984, Abdominal adipose tissue distribution, obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: 13 year follow up of participants in the study of men born in 1913, BMJ, 288, 1401, 10.1136/bmj.288.6428.1401 · DOI · Paper page
  41. Folsom, 2000, Associations of general and abdominal obesity with multiple health outcomes in older women: the Iowa Women's Health Study, Arch Intern Med, 160, 2117, 10.1001/archinte.160.14.2117 · DOI · Paper page
  42. World Health Organization Consultation of Obesity, 1998, Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic
  43. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Obesity Education Initative Expert Panel, 1998, Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults, Obes Res, 6
  44. Vikram, 2003, Non-obese (body mass index <25 kg/m2) Asian Indians with normal waist circumference have high cardiovascular risk, Nutrition, 19, 503, 10.1016/S0899-9007(02)01083-3 · DOI
  45. Chowdbury, 1994, A multicompartment body composition technique based on computerized tomography, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 18, 219
  46. Ross, 1992, Quantification of adipose tissue by MRI: relationship with anthropometric variables, J Appl Physiol, 72, 787, 10.1152/jappl.1992.72.2.787 · DOI · Paper page
  47. Tornaghi, 1994, Anthropometric or ultrasonic measurements in assessment of visceral fat? A comparative study, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 18, 771
  48. Armellini, 1990, The contribution of sonography to the measurement of intraabdominal fat, J Clin Ultrasound, 18, 563, 10.1002/jcu.1870180707 · DOI
  49. Pouliot, 1994, Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: best simple anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women, Am J Cardiol, 73, 460, 10.1016/0002-9149(94)90676-9 · DOI · Paper page
  50. Petersson, 2007, Sagittal abdominal diameter as a marker of inflammation and insulin resistance among immigrant women from the Middle East and native Swedish women: a cross-sectional study, Cardiovasc Diabetol, 6, 10, 10.1186/1475-2840-6-10 · DOI
  51. Kvist, 1988, Total and visceral adipose-tissue volumes derived from measurements with computed tomography in adult men and women: predictive equations, Am J Clin Nutr, 48, 1351, 10.1093/ajcn/48.6.1351 · DOI · Paper page
  52. Martinez-Gonzalez, 1999, Physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle and obesity in the European Union, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, 1192, 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801049 · DOI · Paper page
  53. Rejeski, 2003, Older adults with chronic disease: benefits of group-mediated counseling in the promotion of physically active lifestyles, Health Physiol, 22, 414
  54. Carlson, 2001, Self-efficacy, psychosocial factors, and exercise behavior in traditional versus modified cardiac rehabilitation, J Cardiopulm Rehab, 21, 363, 10.1097/00008483-200111000-00004 · DOI
  55. Howard, 2006, Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial, JAMA, 295, 655, 10.1001/jama.295.6.655 · DOI · Paper page
  56. Shaw, 2005, Psychological Interventions for Overweight or Obesity (Cochrane Review)
  57. Rosengren, 1997, Physical activity protects against coronary death and deaths from all causes in middle aged men. Evidence from a 20 year follow up of primary prevention study in Goteburg, Ann Epidemiol, 7, 69, 10.1016/S1047-2797(96)00106-8 · DOI
  58. Franco, 2005, Effects of physical activity on life expectancy with cardiovascular disease, Arch Intern Med, 165, 2355, 10.1001/archinte.165.20.2355 · DOI · Paper page
  59. Vanhees, 2005, How to assess physical activity? How to assess physical fitness, Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehab, 12, 102, 10.1097/01.hjr.0000161551.73095.9c · DOI · Paper page
  60. Börjesson, 2006, Position Paper ESC Study Group of Sports Cardiology: recommendations for participation in leisure-time physical activity and competitive sports for patients with ischaemic heart disease, Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehab, 13, 137, 10.1097/01.hjr.0000199494.46708.5a · DOI
  61. Kannel, 1987, Heart rate and cardiovascular mortality: the Framingham Study, Am Heart J, 113, 1489, 10.1016/0002-8703(87)90666-1 · DOI · Paper page
  62. Diaz, 2005, Long-term prognostic value of resting heart rate in patients with suspected or proven coronary artery disease, Eur Heart J, 26, 967, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi190 · DOI · Paper page
  63. Levine, 1997, Rest heart rate and life expectancy, J Am Coll Cardiol, 30, 1104
  64. Beere, 1984, Retarding effect of lowered heart rate on coronary atherosclerosis, Science, 226, 180, 10.1126/science.6484569 · DOI · Paper page
  65. Kjekshus, 1986, Importance of heart rate in determining beta-blocker efficacy in acute and long-term acute myocardial infarction intervention trials, Am J Cardiol, 57, 10.1016/0002-9149(86)90888-X · DOI · Paper page
  66. Tardif, 2005, Efficacy of ivabradine, a new selective I(f) inhibitor, compared with atenolol in patients with chronic stable angina, Eur Heart J, 26, 2529, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi586 · DOI · Paper page
  67. Kannel, 1996, Blood pressure as a cardiovascular risk factor: prevention and treatment, JAMA, 275, 1571, 10.1001/jama.1996.03530440051036 · DOI · Paper page
  68. Walker, 1992, Renal function change in hypertensive members of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Racial and treatment effects. The MRFIT Research Group, JAMA, 268, 3085, 10.1001/jama.1992.03490210067037 · doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03490210067037
  69. Assmann, 1988, The Prospective Cardiovascular Munster (PROCAM) study: prevalence of hyperlipidemia in persons with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus and the relationship to coronary heart disease, Am Heart J, 116, 1713, 10.1016/0002-8703(88)90220-7 · DOI · Paper page
  70. Skoog, 1996, 15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia, Lancet, 347, 1141, 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90608-X · DOI · Paper page
  71. Vasan, 2001, Assessment of frequency of progression to hypertension in non-hypertensive participants in the Framingham Heart Study: a cohort study, Lancet, 358, 1682, 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06710-1 · DOI · Paper page
  72. Collins, 1990, Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 2. Short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context, Lancet, 335, 827, 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90944-Z · DOI · Paper page
  73. Staessen, 2000, Risks of untreated and treated isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly: meta-analysis of outcome trials, Lancet, 355, 865, 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)07330-4 · DOI · Paper page
  74. Collins, 1994, Blood pressure, antihypertensive drug treatment and the risk of stroke and of coronary heart disease, Br Med Bull, 50, 272, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072892 · DOI · Paper page
  75. Zhang, 2006, The relationship between higher blood pressure and ischemic, haemorrhagic stroke among Chinese and Caucasians: meta-analyisis, Eur J Cardiovacular Prev Rehab, 13, 429
  76. Nissen, 2004, Effect of intensive compared with moderate lipid-lowering therapy on progression of coronary atherosclerosis: a randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 291, 1071, 10.1001/jama.291.9.1071 · DOI · Paper page
  77. Schrier, 2002, Effects of aggressive blood pressure control in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients on albuminuria, retinopathy and stroke, Kidney Int, 61, 1086, 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00213.x · DOI · Paper page
  78. Atkins, 2005, Proteinuria reduction and progression to renal failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overt nephropathy, Am J Kidney Dis, 45, 281, 10.1053/j.ajkd.2004.10.019 · DOI · Paper page
  79. ACE Inhibitors in Diabetic Nephropathy Trialist Group, 2001, Should all patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria receive angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors? A meta-analysis of individual patient data, Ann Interm Med, 134, 370, 10.7326/0003-4819-134-5-200103060-00009 · DOI · Paper page
  80. Casas, 2005, Effects of inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin system and other antihypertensive drugs on renal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis, Lancet, 366, 2026, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67814-2 · DOI · Paper page
  81. Otten, 2006, The Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements
  82. Dahlöf, 2002, Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol, Lancet, 359, 995, 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08089-3 · DOI · Paper page
  83. Lindholm, 2005, Should beta blockers remain first choice in the treatment of primary hypertension? A meta-analysis, Lancet, 366, 1545, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67573-3 · DOI · Paper page
  84. Dahlöf, 2005, Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendoflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomized controlled trial, Lancet, 366, 895, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67185-1 · DOI · Paper page
  85. Bradley, 2006, How strong is the evidence for use of beta-blockers a first line therpay for hypertension? Systematic review and meta-analysis, J Hypertens, 24, 2131, 10.1097/01.hjh.0000249685.58370.28 · DOI
  86. Bonet, 2000, Beta-adrenergic blocking agents in heart failure: benefits of vasodilating and non-vasodilating agents according to patients' characteristics: a meta-analysis of clinical trials, Arch Intern Med, 160, 621, 10.1001/archinte.160.5.621 · DOI
  87. Heidenreich, 1999, Meta-analysis of trials comparing beta-blockers, calcium antagonists, and nitrates for stable angina, JAMA, 281, 1927, 10.1001/jama.281.20.1927 · DOI · Paper page
  88. Sharma, 2001, Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers and weight gain: a systematic analysis, Hypertension, 37, 250, 10.1161/01.HYP.37.2.250 · DOI · Paper page
  89. Mancia, 2006, New-onset diabetes and antihypertensive drugs, J Hypertens, 24, 3, 10.1097/01.hjh.0000194119.42722.21 · DOI · Paper page
  90. Lindholm, 2002, J Hypertens, 20, 1879, 10.1097/00004872-200209000-00035 · DOI · Paper page
  91. Kjeldsen, 2006, Effects of valsartan compared to amlodipine on preventing type 2 diabetes in high-risk hypertensive patients: the VALUE trial, J Hypertens, 24, 1405, 10.1097/01.hjh.0000234122.55895.5b · DOI
  92. Torp-Pedersen, 2007, Effects of metoprolol and carvedilol on preexisting and new on-set diabetes in patients with chronic heart failure {inverted exclamation} V data from the Carvedilol or metoprolol European Trial (COMET), Heart, 10.1136/hrt.2006.092379 · DOI · Paper page
  93. Kaiser, 2006, Influence of nebivolol and enalapril on metabolic parameters and arterial stiffness in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients, J Hypertens, 24, 1397, 10.1097/01.hjh.0000234121.48272.67 · DOI
  94. Klingbeil, 2003, A meta-analysis of the effects of treatment on left ventricular mass in essential hypertension, Am J Med, 115, 41, 10.1016/S0002-9343(03)00158-X · DOI · Paper page
  95. Ciulla, 2004, Different effects of antihypertensive therapies based on losartan or atenolol on ultrasound and biochemical markers of myocardial fibrosis: results of a randomized trial, Circulation, 110, 552, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000137118.47943.5C · DOI
  96. Ciulla, 2005, Effects of the angiotension receptor antagonist candesartan and the ACE inhibitor enalapril on ultrasound markers of myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, J Hypertens, 23, S381
  97. GISEN, Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologici in Nefrologia, 1997, Randomised placebo-controlled trial of effect of ramipril on decline in glomerular filtration rate and risk of terminal renal failure in proteinuric, non-diabetic nephropathy, Lancet, 349, 1857, 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)11445-8 · DOI · Paper page
  98. Mann, 2003, Progression of renal insufficiency in type 2 diabetes with and without microalbuminuria: results of the Heart Outcomes and Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) randomized study, Am J Kidney Dis, 42, 936, 10.1016/j.ajkd.2003.07.015 · DOI
  99. Ruggenenti, 2004, Preventing microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes, N Engl J Med, 351, 1941, 10.1056/NEJMoa042167 · DOI · Paper page
  100. Zanchetti, 2002, Calcium antagonist lacidipine slows down progression of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis: principal results of the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA), a randomized, double-blind, long-term trial, Circulation, 106, 2422, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000039288.86470.DD · DOI · Paper page
  101. Zanchetti, 1998, The Verapamil in Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Study (VHAS): results of long-term randomized treatment with either verapamil or chlorthalidone on carotid intima-media thickness, J Hypertens, 16, 1667, 10.1097/00004872-199816110-00014 · DOI · Paper page
  102. Borhani, 1996, Final outcome results of the Multicenter Isradipine Diuretic Atherosclerosis Study (MIDAS). A randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 276, 785, 10.1001/jama.1996.03540100029024 · DOI · Paper page
  103. Ruilope, 2005, Angiotensin receptor blockers: therapeutic targets and cardiovascular protection, Blood Press, 14, 196, 10.1080/08037050500230227 · DOI
  104. Waeber, 1999, Compliance with antihypertensive therapy, Clin Exp Hypertens, 21, 973, 10.3109/10641969909061025 · DOI
  105. Sander, 2000, Relationship between circadian blood pressure patterns and progression of early carotid atherosclerosis: a 3-year follow-up study, Circulation, 102, 1536, 10.1161/01.CIR.102.13.1536 · DOI · Paper page
  106. Mancia, 1997, Blood-pressure control in the hypertensive population, Lancet, 349, 454, 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07099-7 · DOI · Paper page
  107. Baigent, 2005, Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins, Lancet, 366, 1267, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67394-1 · DOI · Paper page
  108. Colhoun, 2004, Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial, Lancet, 364, 685, 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16895-5 · DOI · Paper page
  109. 4S Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group, 1994, Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S), Lancet, 344, 1383
  110. Bucher, 1998, Effect of HMGcoA reductase inhibitors on stroke. A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials, Ann Intern Med, 128, 89, 10.7326/0003-4819-128-2-199801150-00002 · DOI
  111. Reiner, 2005, Concomitant use of statins and cytochrome P 450 inhibitors, Lijec Vjesn, 127, 65
  112. Grundy, 2004, Definition of the metabolic syndrome. Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition, Circulation, 109, 433, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000111245.75752.C6 · DOI · Paper page
  113. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III), 2001, Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), JAMA, 285, 2486, 10.1001/jama.285.19.2486 · DOI · Paper page
  114. Albus, 2004, Screening for psychosocial risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease—recommendations for clinical practice, Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil, 11, 75, 10.1097/01.hjr.0000116823.84388.6c · DOI
  115. Scarabin, 2003, Plasma fibrinogen explains much of the difference in risk of coronary heart disease between France and Northern Ireland. The PRIME Study, Atherosclerosis, 166, 103, 10.1016/S0021-9150(02)00309-X · DOI
  116. Yarnell, 2004, Haemostatic/inflammatory markers predict 10-year risk of IHD at least as well as lipids: the Caerphilly collaborative studies, Eur Heart J, 25, 1049, 10.1016/j.ehj.2004.04.011 · DOI
  117. Blankenberg, 2003, Interleukin-18 and the risk of coronary heart disease in European men: the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME), Circulation, 108, 2453, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000099509.76044.A2 · DOI · Paper page
  118. Smeeth, 2004, Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke after acute infection or vaccination, N Engl J Med, 351, 2611, 10.1056/NEJMoa041747 · DOI · Paper page
  119. Lowe, 2006, Can haematological tests predict cardiovascular risk? The 2005 Kettle Lecture, Br J Haematol, 133, 232, 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06021.x · DOI
  120. Lowe, 2005, Circulating inflammatory markers and risks of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular disease, J Thromb Haemostasis, 3, 1618, 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01416.x · DOI
  121. Geelen, 2005, Effects of n-3 fatty acids from fish on premature ventricular complexes and heart rate in humans, Am J Clin Nutr, 81, 416, 10.1093/ajcn.81.2.416 · DOI
  122. Ye, 2006, Seven haemostatic gene polymorphisms in coronary disease: meta-analysis of 66,155 cases and 91,307 controls, Lancet, 367, 651, 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68263-9 · DOI · Paper page
  123. Hawe, 2003, Family history is a coronary heart disease risk factor in the Second Northwick Park Heart Study, Ann Hum Genet, 67, 97, 10.1046/j.1469-1809.2003.00017.x · DOI
  124. Austin, 1992, Lipoprotein(a) in women twins: heritability and relationship to apolipoprotein(a) phenotypes, Am J Hum Genet, 51, 829
  125. Danesh, 2000, Lipoprotein(a) and coronary heart disease. Meta-analysis of prospective studies, Circulation, 102, 1082, 10.1161/01.CIR.102.10.1082 · DOI · Paper page
  126. Pankow, 2001, Familial and genetic determinants of systemic markers of inflammation: the NHLBI family heart study, Atherosclerosis, 154, 681, 10.1016/S0021-9150(00)00586-4 · DOI · Paper page
  127. Worns, 2006, Genetic and environmental contributions to plasma C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels—a study in twins, Genes Immun, 7, 600, 10.1038/sj.gene.6364330 · DOI
  128. Humphries, 2004, Genetic testing for cardiovascular disease susceptibility: a useful clinical management tool or possible misinformation?, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 24, 628, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000116216.56511.39 · DOI
  129. Redon, 2006, Global variation in copy number in the human genome, Nature, 444, 444, 10.1038/nature05329 · DOI · Paper page
  130. Casas, 2006, Investigating the genetic determinants of cardiovascular disease using candidate genes and meta-analysis of association studies, Ann Hum Genet, 70, 145, 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2005.00241.x · DOI
  131. Cooper, 2005, A comparison of the PROCAM and Framingham point-scoring systems for estimation of individual risk of coronary heart disease in the Second Northwick Park Heart Study, Atherosclerosis, 181, 93, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.12.026 · DOI
  132. Yang, 2005, How many genes underlie the occurrence of common complex diseases in the population?, Int J Epidemiol, 34, 1129, 10.1093/ije/dyi130 · DOI
  133. Goldstein, 1995, Familial hypercholesterolaemia, The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease., p1215
  134. Patterson, 1972, Lipid abnormalities in male and female survivors of myocardial infarction and their first-degree relatives, Lancet, 1, 393, 10.1016/S0140-6736(72)90853-7 · DOI
  135. Scientific Steering Committee on behalf of Simon Broome Register Group, 1991, The risk of fatal coronary heart disease in familial hypercholesterolaemia, BMJ, 303, 893, 10.1136/bmj.303.6807.893 · DOI · Paper page
  136. Williams, 1993, Diagnosing heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia using new practical criteria validated by molecular genetics, Am J Cardiol, 72, 171, 10.1016/0002-9149(93)90155-6 · DOI · Paper page
  137. Umans-Eckenhausen, 2001, Review of first 5 years of screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia in the Netherlands, Lancet, 357, 165, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03587-X · DOI · Paper page
  138. Heath, 2001, A molecular genetic service for diagnosing individuals with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) in the United Kingdom, Eur J Hum Genet, 9, 244, 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200633 · DOI
  139. Fouchier, 2001, The molecular basis of familial hypercholesterolemia in The Netherlands, Hum Genet, 109, 602, 10.1007/s00439-001-0628-8 · DOI
  140. Holla, 2005, Identification of deletions and duplications in the low density lipoprotein receptor gene by MLPA, Clin Chim Acta, 356, 164, 10.1016/j.cccn.2005.01.028 · DOI
  141. Heath, 2001, Low-density lipoprotein receptor gene (LDLR) world-wide website in familial hypercholesterolaemia: update, new features and mutation analysis, Atherosclerosis, 154, 243, 10.1016/S0021-9150(00)00647-X · DOI
  142. Myant, 1993, Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100: a review, including some comparisons with familial hypercholesterolaemia, Atherosclerosis, 104, 1, 10.1016/0021-9150(93)90171-P · DOI
  143. Abifadel, 2003, Mutations in PCSK9 cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, Nat Genet, 34, 154, 10.1038/ng1161 · DOI · Paper page
  144. 2004, Familial hypercholesterolemia in Spain: case-finding program clinical genetic aspects, Semin Vasc Med, 4, 67, 10.1055/s-2004-822988 · DOI
  145. Marks, 2006, Cascade screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia: implications of a pilot study for national screening programmes, J Med Screen, 13, 156, 10.1258/096914106778440617 · DOI
  146. Thorsson, 2003, Systematic family screening for familial hypercholesterolemia in Iceland, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 23, 335, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000051874.51341.8C · DOI
  147. Leren, 2004, Application of molecular genetics for diagnosing familial hypercholesterolemia in Norway: results from a family-based screening program, Semin Vasc Med, 4, 75, 10.1055/s-2004-822989 · DOI
  148. Hadfield, 2005, Implementation of cascade testing for the detection of familial hypercholesterolaemia, Curr Opin Lipidol, 16, 428, 10.1097/01.mol.0000174152.76554.d6 · DOI
  149. Goldstein, 1973, Hyperlipidemia in coronary heart disease. I. Lipid levels in 500 survivors of myocardial infarction, J Clin Invest, 52, 1533, 10.1172/JCI107331 · DOI · Paper page
  150. Pajukanta, 2004, Familial combined hyperlipidemia is associated with upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1), Nat Genet, 36, 371, 10.1038/ng1320 · DOI · Paper page
  151. Naukkarinen, 2005, USF1 and dyslipidemias: converging evidence for a functional intronic variant, Hum Mol Genet, 14, 2595, 10.1093/hmg/ddi294 · DOI
  152. Stramba-Badiale, 2006, Cardiovascular disease in women: a statement from the policy conference of the European Society of Cardiology, Eur Heart J, 27, 994, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi819 · DOI · Paper page
  153. Mosca, 2004, Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women, Circulation, 109, 672, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000114834.85476.81 · DOI · Paper page
  154. Manolio, 1992, Cholesterol and heart disease in older persons and women, Ann Epidemiol, 2, 161, 10.1016/1047-2797(92)90051-Q · DOI · Paper page
  155. Jacobs, 1998, Better outcome for women compared with men undergoing coronary revascularization: a report from the bypass angioplasty revascularization investigation (BARI), Circulation, 98, 1279, 10.1161/01.CIR.98.13.1279 · DOI · Paper page
  156. Stramba-Badiale, 2005, Gender-specific prescription for cardiovascular diseases?, Eur Heart J, 26, 1571, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi428 · DOI
  157. Kachelriess, 1998, Electrocardiogram-correlated image reconstruction from subsecond spiral computed tomography scans of the heart, Med Phys, 25, 2417, 10.1118/1.598453 · DOI
  158. Tedeschi-Reiner, 2004, Atherosclerosis of retinal arteries in men: Role of serum lipoproteins and apoproteins, Croat Med J, 45, 333
  159. Berl, 2006, Kidney–heart interactions: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 1, 8, 10.2215/CJN.00730805 · DOI
  160. Sarafidis, 2006, Cardiometabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease: what is the link?, JCMS, 1, 58
  161. Cozzolino, 2005, Pathogenesis of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease, Kidney Int, 68, 429, 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00421.x · DOI
  162. Strippoli, 2004, Hemoglobin targets for the anemia of chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, J Am Soc Nephrol, 15, 3154, 10.1097/01.ASN.0000145436.09176.A7 · DOI
  163. Segura, 2006, Chronic kidney disease as a situation of high added risk in hypertensive patients, J Am Soc Nephrol, 17, S136, 10.1681/ASN.2005121330 · DOI
  164. Ezekowitz, 2004, The association among renal insufficiency, pharmacotherapy and outcomes in 6247 patients with heart failure and coronary artery disease, J Am Coll Cardiol, 44, 1587, 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.06.072 · DOI · Paper page
  165. Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration, 2002, Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk people, BMJ, 324, 71, 10.1136/bmj.324.7329.71 · DOI · Paper page
  166. Bonarjee, 1993, Attenuation of left ventricular dilatation after acute myocardial infarction by early initiation of enalapril therapy. CONSENSUS II Multi-Echo Study Group, Am J Cardiol, 72, 1004, 10.1016/0002-9149(93)90853-5 · DOI
  167. Hurlen, 2002, Warfarin, aspirin, or both after myocardial infarction, N Eng J Med, 347, 969, 10.1056/NEJMoa020496 · DOI · Paper page
  168. Fuster, 2006, ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: executive summary, Eur Heart J, 27, 1979, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehl176 · DOI · Paper page
  169. Getz, 2005, Estimating the high risk group for cardiovascular disease in the Norwegian HUNT 2 population according to the 2003 European guidelines: modelling study, BMJ, 331, 551, 10.1136/bmj.38555.648623.8F · DOI

Cited by

See all 3,753

Metadata

Authors
Authors/Task Force Members, Graham, I., Atar, D., Borch-Johnsen, K., Boysen, G., Burell, G., Cifkova, R., Dallongeville, J., De Backer, G., Ebrahim, S., Gjelsvik, B., Herrmann-Lingen, C., Hoes, A., Humphries, S., Knapton, M., Perk, J., Priori, S. G., Pyorala, K., Reiner, Z., Ruilope, L., Sans-Menendez, S., Scholte op Reimer, W., Weissberg, P., Wood, D., Yarnell, J., Zamorano, J. L., guidelines:, O. E. W. C. T. P. O. T., Walma, E., Fitzgerald, T., Cooney, M. T., Dudina, A., European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG):, Vahanian, A., Camm, J., De Caterina, R., Dean, V., Dickstein, K., Funck-Brentano, C., Filippatos, G., Hellemans, I., Kristensen, S. D., McGregor, K., Sechtem, U., Silber, S., Tendera, M., Widimsky, P., Zamorano, J. L., reviewers:, D., Hellemans, I., Altiner, A., Bonora, E., Durrington, P. N., Fagard, R., Giampaoli, S., Hemingway, H., Hakansson, J., Kjeldsen, S. E., Larsen, M. L., Mancia, G., Manolis, A. J., Orth-Gomer, K., Pedersen, T., Rayner, M., Ryden, L., Sammut, M., Schneiderman, N., Stalenhoef, A. F., Tokgozoglu, L., Wiklund, O., & Zampelas, A.
Venue
European Heart Journal
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2007-05-04
Volume
28
Issue
19
Pages
2375-2414
ISSN
  • 0195-668X (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-9645
DOI
10.1093/eurheartj/ehm316
OpenAlex
W3021659692
Cited by
3,753
References
309
FWCI
138.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.