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The effect of sleep deprivation and restriction on mood, emotion, and emotion regulation: three meta-analyses in one

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Tomaso, Cara C, Johnson, Anna B, Nelson, Timothy D·2021·SLEEP

DOI 10.1093/sleep/zsaa289PMC PMC8193556

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Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVES: New theory and measurement approaches have facilitated nuanced investigation of how sleep loss impacts dimensions of affective functioning. To provide a quantitative summary of this literature, three conceptually related meta-analyses examined the effect of sleep restriction and sleep deprivation on mood, emotion, and emotion regulation across the lifespan (i.e. from early childhood to late adulthood). METHODS: A total of 241 effect sizes from 64 studies were selected for inclusion, and multilevel meta-analytic techniques were used when applicable. RESULTS: There was a moderate, positive effect of sleep loss on negative mood (g = 0.45), which was stronger for studies with younger samples, as well as a large, negative effect of sleep loss on positive mood (g = -0.94). For negative mood only, studies that used total sleep deprivation had larger effect sizes than studies that restricted sleep. After correcting for publication bias, a modest but significant negative effect for sleep loss on emotion (g = -0.11) was found; the valence of emotional stimuli did not change the direction of this effect, and type of sleep manipulation was also not a significant moderator. Finally, sleep restriction had a small, negative effect on adaptive emotion regulation (g = -0.32), but no significant impact on maladaptive emotion regulation (g = 0.14); all studies on adaptive emotion regulation were conducted with youth samples. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep loss compromises optimal affective functioning, though the magnitude of effects varies across components. Findings underscore the importance of sleep for healthy affective outcomes.

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See all 282

Authors: Tomaso, C. C., Johnson, A. B., & Nelson, T. D.
Affiliations: University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
Corresponding author: Tomaso, Cara C
ORCID: Tomaso, Cara C
Nelson, Timothy D
Venue: SLEEP
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2020-12-26
Volume: 44
Issue: 6
ISSN: 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
1550-9109
DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa289
PMC: PMC8193556
OpenAlex: W3113921716
Cited by: 282
References: 142
Citations by year: 2026: 70 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 8
FWCI: 2.81
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
Locations: SLEEP (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
National Institutes of Health (F31DK122636, R01DK125651, R01DK116693)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Keywords: sleep deprivation, sleep restriction, mood, negative mood, positive mood, emotions, emotion regulation, adaptive emotion regulation, maladaptive emotion regulation, lifespan differences, emotional functioning
MeSH terms: Emotional Regulation, Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Child, Preschool, Emotions, Humans, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation

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The effect of sleep deprivation and restriction on mood, emotion, and emotion regulation: three meta-analyses in one

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