Myofibrillar and mitochondrial protein synthesis rates do not differ in young men following the ingestion of carbohydrate with whey, soy, or leucine-enriched soy protein after concurrent resistance-and endurance-type exercise

Churchward-Venne, Tyler A; Pinckaers, Philippe J M; Smeets, Joey S J; Peeters, Wouter M; Zorenc, Antoine H; Schierbeek, Henk; Rollo, Ian; Verdijk, Lex B; van Loon, Luc J C

doi:10.1093/jn/nxy251

Cited by 51Muscle metabolism and nutritionMuscle Physiology and DisordersSports Performance and Training

Myofibrillar and mitochondrial protein synthesis rates do not differ in young men following the ingestion of carbohydrate with whey, soy, or leucine-enriched soy protein after concurrent resistance-and endurance-type exercise

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Churchward-Venne, Tyler A, Pinckaers, Philippe J M, Smeets, Joey S J, Peeters, Wouter M, Zorenc, Antoine H, Schierbeek, Henk, Rollo, Ian, Verdijk, Lex B +1 more·2019·The Journal of Nutrition

DOI 10.1093/jn/nxy251PMC PMC6561602

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Protein ingestion during recovery from resistance-type exercise increases postexercise muscle protein synthesis rates. Whey protein has been reported to have greater anabolic properties than soy protein, an effect which may be attributed to the higher leucine content of whey. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare postprandial myofibrillar (MyoPS) and mitochondrial (MitoPS) protein synthesis rates after ingestion of carbohydrate with whey, soy, or soy protein enriched with free leucine (to match the leucine content of whey) during recovery from a single bout of concurrent resistance- and endurance-type exercise in young healthy men. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group design, 36 healthy young recreationally active men (mean ± SEM age: 23 ± 0.4 y) received a primed continuous infusion of l-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine and l-[ring-3,5-2H2]-tyrosine and ingested 45 g carbohydrate with 20 g protein from whey (WHEY), soy (SOY), or leucine-enriched soy (SOY + LEU) after concurrent resistance- and endurance-type exercise. Blood and muscle biopsies were collected over a 360 min postexercise recovery period to assess MyoPS and MitoPS rates, and associated signaling through the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). RESULTS: Postprandial peak plasma leucine concentrations were significantly higher in WHEY (mean ± SEM: 322 ± 10 μmol/L) and SOY + LEU (328 ± 14 μmol/L) compared with SOY (216 ± 6 μmol/L) (P < 0.05). Despite the apparent differences in plasma leucinemia, MyoPS (WHEY: 0.054 ± 0.002; SOY: 0.053 ± 0.004; SOY + LEU: 0.056 ± 0.004%·h-1; P = 0.83), and MitoPS (WHEY: 0.061 ± 0.004; SOY: 0.061 ± 0.006; SOY + LEU: 0.063 ± 0.004%·h-1; P = 0.96) rates over the entire 360 min recovery period did not differ between treatments. Similarly, signaling through mTORC1Ser2448, p70S6kThr389, 4E-BP1Thr37/46, and rpS6Ser235/236 was similar between treatments. CONCLUSION: Postexercise MyoPS and MitoPS rates do not differ after co-ingestion of carbohydrate with 20 g protein from whey, soy, or leucine-enriched soy protein during 360 min of recovery from concurrent resistance- and endurance-type exercise in young, recreationally active men. This trial was registered at Nederlands Trial Register as NTR5098.

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Evidence to date shows no benefit of fortifying non-animal-derived protein sources with leucine or branch chain amino acids, suggesting that other amino acids may be limiting to the MPS response.
“However, evidence to date shows no benefit of fortifying non–animal-derived protein sources with leucine [100] or branch chain amino acids [101], suggesting that other amino acids may be limiting to the MPS response.”
From Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [100]

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Authors: Churchward-Venne, T. A., Pinckaers, P. J. M., Smeets, J. S. J., Peeters, W. M., Zorenc, A. H., Schierbeek, H., Rollo, I., Verdijk, L. B., & van Loon, L. J. C.
Affiliations: Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
ORCID: Pinckaers, Philippe J M
Smeets, Joey S J
Peeters, Wouter M
Schierbeek, Henk
Rollo, Ian
Verdijk, Lex B
van Loon, Luc J C
Venue: The Journal of Nutrition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2019-02
Volume: 149
Issue: 2
Pages: 210-220
ISSN: 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy251
PMC: PMC6561602
OpenAlex: W2914162815
Cited by: 51
References: 55
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7
FWCI: 1.66
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: erratum (2019-06-01)
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: PepsiCo/Gatorade Sports Science Institute
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords: myofibrillar protein synthesis, mitochondrial translation, whey protein, soy protein, leucine, post-exercise recovery, mTORC1 signaling, muscle protein synthesis, plasma leucine, protein intake, carbohydrate intake, young men, muscle biopsy
MeSH terms: Whey, Dietary Carbohydrates, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Leucine, Male, Milk Proteins, Mitochondria, Myofibrils, Physical Endurance, Protein Biosynthesis, Soybean Proteins, Resistance Training, Young Adult

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Myofibrillar and mitochondrial protein synthesis rates do not differ in young men following the ingestion of carbohydrate with whey, soy, or leucine-enriched soy protein after concurrent resistance-and endurance-type exercise

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