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Cited by 178Muscle metabolism and nutritionMuscle Physiology and DisordersSports Performance and Training

Protein blend ingestion following resistance exercise promotes human muscle protein synthesis

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Reidy, Paul T., Walker, Dillon K., Dickinson, Jared M., Gundermann, David M., Drummond, Micah J., Timmerman, Kyle L., Fry, Christopher S., Borack, Michael S. +5 more·2013·The Journal of Nutrition
DOI 10.3945/jn.112.168021PMC PMC3738242
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Abstract

High-quality proteins such as soy, whey, and casein are all capable of promoting muscle protein synthesis postexercise by activating the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC1) signaling pathway. We hypothesized that a protein blend of soy and dairy proteins would capitalize on the unique properties of each individual protein and allow for optimal delivery of amino acids to prolong the fractional synthetic rate (FSR) following resistance exercise (RE). In this double-blind, randomized, clinical trial, 19 young adults were studied before and after ingestion of ∼19 g of protein blend (PB) or ∼18 g whey protein (WP) consumed 1 h after high-intensity leg RE. We examined mixed-muscle protein FSR by stable isotopic methods and mTORC1 signaling with western blotting. Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were collected at rest (before RE) and at 3 postexercise time points during an early (0-2 h) and late (2-4 h) postingestion period. WP ingestion resulted in higher and earlier amplitude of blood branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) concentrations. PB ingestion created a lower initial rise in blood BCAA but sustained elevated levels of blood amino acids later into recovery (P < 0.05). Postexercise FSR increased equivalently in both groups during the early period (WP, 0.078 ± 0.009%; PB, 0.088 ± 0.007%); however, FSR remained elevated only in the PB group during the late period (WP, 0.074 ± 0.010%; PB, 0.087 ± 0.003%) (P < 0.05). mTORC1 signaling similarly increased between groups, except for no increase in S6K1 phosphorylation in the WP group at 5 h postexercise (P < 0.05). We conclude that a soy-dairy PB ingested following exercise is capable of prolonging blood aminoacidemia, mTORC1 signaling, and protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle and is an effective postexercise nutritional supplement.

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  • Blends of whey and soy protein stimulated muscle protein synthesis after exercise to a similar extent as whey protein alone.

    “In another study, blends of whey and soy protein stimulated muscle protein synthesis after exercise to a similar extent as did whey protein alone.145”

    From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [145]

  • A plant/animal protein blend or exclusively plant protein blend can stimulate an equivalent MPS response to an animal-based comparison.

    “A handful of studies have supported the blending theory by demonstrating that a plant/animal protein blend [89,90,92,93] or exclusively plant protein blend [88,94,95] can stimulate an equivalent MPS response to an animal-based comparison.”

    From Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [93]

  • Two studies of a protein blend (20 g) containing 25% whey protein isolate, 25% soy protein isolate, and 50% sodium caseinate can promote MPS to a level equivalent to whey protein alone and may be associated with more prolonged positive amino acid net balance compared with whey protein.

    “two studies of a protein blend (20 g) containing 25% whey protein isolate, 25% soy protein isolate, and 50% sodium caseinate can promote MPS to a level equivalent to whey protein alone and may be associated with more prolonged positive amino acid net balance (i.e., arteriovenous differences in the leg) compared with whey protein [127,128].”

    From Plant Proteins: Assessing Their Nutritional Quality and Effects on Health and Physical Function (2020) · cites this paper as [128]

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Authors
Reidy, P. T., Walker, D. K., Dickinson, J. M., Gundermann, D. M., Drummond, M. J., Timmerman, K. L., Fry, C. S., Borack, M. S., Cope, M. B., Mukherjea, R., Jennings, K., Volpi, E., & Rasmussen, B. B.
Affiliations
The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
Corresponding author
Rasmussen, Blake B.
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-04
Volume
143
Issue
4
Pages
410-416
ISSN
0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3945/jn.112.168021
PMC
PMC3738242
OpenAlex
W2168338325
Cited by
178
References
60
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6
FWCI
8.90
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Solae LLC with assistance from NIH (R01 AR49877, T32-HD07539)
  • National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (H133P110012)
  • NIH Clinical and Translational Science Award (UL1TR000071)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords
protein blends, soy protein, whey protein, resistance training, muscle protein synthesis, mTORC1 signaling, S6K1 phosphorylation, branched-chain amino acids, aminoacidemia, skeletal muscle, vastus lateralis, fractional synthesis rate
MeSH terms
Whey Proteins, Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Adolescent, Adult, Amino Acids, Branched-Chain, Caseins, Dietary Proteins, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Isotope Labeling, Kinetics, Male, Milk Proteins, Muscle Proteins, Signal Transduction, Exercise, Dietary Supplements, Soybean Proteins, Multiprotein Complexes, Resistance Training, Young Adult, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

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