Soy-dairy protein blend or whey protein isolate ingestion induces similar postexercise muscle mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling and protein synthesis responses in older men
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Background Previous work demonstrated that a soy-dairy protein blend (PB) prolongs hyperaminoacidemia and muscle protein synthesis in young adults after resistance exercise.Objective We investigated the effect of PB in older adults. We hypothesized that PB would prolong hyperaminoacidemia, enhancing mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and muscle protein anabolism compared with a whey protein isolate (WPI).Methods This double-blind, randomized controlled trial studied men 55-75 y of age. Subjects consumed 30 g protein from WPI or PB (25% soy, 25% whey, and 50% casein) 1 h after leg extension exercise (8 sets of 10 repetitions at 70% one-repetition maximum). Blood and muscle amino acid concentrations and basal and postexercise muscle protein turnover were measured by using stable isotopic methods. Muscle mTORC1 signaling was assessed by immunoblotting.Results Both groups increased amino acid concentrations (P < 0.05) and mTORC1 signaling after protein ingestion (P < 0.05). Postexercise fractional synthesis rate (FSR; P ≥ 0.05), fractional breakdown rate (FBR; P ≥ 0.05), and net balance (P = 0.08) did not differ between groups. WPI increased FSR by 67% (mean ± SEM: rest: 0.05% ± 0.01%; postexercise: 0.09% ± 0.01%; P < 0.05), decreased FBR by 46% (rest: 0.17% ± 0.01%; postexercise: 0.09% ± 0.03%; P < 0.05), and made net balance less negative (P < 0.05). PB ingestion did not increase FSR (rest: 0.07% ± 0.03%; postexercise: 0.09% ± 0.01%; P ≥ 0.05), tended to decrease FBR by 42% (rest: 0.25% ± 0.08%; postexercise: 0.15% ± 0.08%; P = 0.08), and made net balance less negative (P < 0.05). Within-group percentage of change differences were not different between groups for FSR, FBR, or net balance (P ≥ 0.05).Conclusions WPI and PB ingestion after exercise in older men induced similar responses in hyperaminoacidemia, mTORC1 signaling, muscle protein synthesis, and breakdown. These data add new evidence for the use of whey or soy-dairy PBs as targeted nutritional interventions to counteract sarcopenia. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01847261.
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A plant/animal protein blend or exclusively plant protein blend can stimulate an equivalent MPS response to an animal-based comparison.
“A handful of studies have supported the blending theory by demonstrating that a plant/animal protein blend [89,90,92,93] or exclusively plant protein blend [88,94,95] can stimulate an equivalent MPS response to an animal-based comparison.”
From Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [92]
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- Authors
- Borack, M. S., Reidy, P. T., Husaini, S. H., Markofski, M. M., Deer, R. R., Richison, A. B., Lambert, B. S., Cope, M. B., Mukherjea, R., Jennings, K., Volpi, E., & Rasmussen, B. B.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- DuPont (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rasmussen, Blake B
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-12
- Volume
- 146
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2468-2475
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5118761
- OpenAlex
- W2544388718
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5
- FWCI
- 4.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P30AG024832)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- whey protein isolate, mTORC1 signaling, muscle protein synthesis, muscle protein turnover, hyperaminoacidemia, resistance training, older men, leg extension, net balance, fractional synthesis rate, casein, protein anabolism, sarcopenia prevention, muscle protein anabolism, muscle protein degradation
- MeSH terms
- Whey Proteins, Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Aged, Aging, Beverages, Double-Blind Method, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Signal Transduction, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Soybean Proteins, Multiprotein Complexes, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
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