Hostility, Anger, Aggressiveness, and Coronary Heart Disease: An Interpersonal Perspective on Personality, Emotion, and Health

Smith, Timothy W.; Glazer, Kelly; Ruiz, John M.; Gallo, Linda C.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00296.x

Cited by 543Cardiac Health and Mental HealthPersonality Traits and PsychologyEmotions and Moral Behavior

Hostility, Anger, Aggressiveness, and Coronary Heart Disease: An Interpersonal Perspective on Personality, Emotion, and Health

Smith, Timothy W., Glazer, Kelly, Ruiz, John M., Gallo, Linda C.·2004·Journal of Personality

DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00296.x

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Abstract

The related traits of hostility, anger, and aggressiveness have long been suggested as risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). Our prior review of this literature (Smith, 1992) found both considerable evidence in support of this hypothesis and important limitations that precluded firm conclusions. In the present review, we discuss recent research on the assessment of these traits, their association with CHD and longevity, and mechanisms possibly underlying the association. In doing so, we illustrate the value of the interpersonal tradition in personality psychology (Sullivan, 1953; Leary, 1957; Carson, 1969; Kiesler, 1996) for not only research on the health consequences of hostility, anger, and aggressiveness, but also for the general study of the effects of emotion, personality and other psychosocial characteristics on physical health.

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Many studies examining the relationship between negative affectivity and adverse outcomes focus on traits that might be considered facets of neuroticism, such as trait hostility and anger.
“Indeed, many studies examining the relationship between negative affectivity and adverse outcomes focus on traits that might be considered facets of neuroticism, such as trait hostility and anger.18”
From Prevalence, predictors and types of unpleasant and adverse effects of meditation in regular meditators: international cross-sectional study (2022) · cites this paper as [18]
Many have concluded that despite earlier mixed findings, hostility defined by cynicism, interpersonal antagonism, and angry affect confers risk for foreshortened lifespan, particularly via CVD death.
“As a result, many have concluded that despite earlier mixed findings, hostility defined by cynicism, interpersonal antagonism, and angry affect confers risk for foreshortened lifespan, particularly via CVD death [47].”
From Personality and Longevity: Knowns, Unknowns, and Implications for Public Health and Personalized Medicine (2011) · cites this paper as [47]

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The five-factor model of personality as a framework for personality-health research.
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Are Hostility and Anxiety Associated With Carotid Atherosclerosis in Healthy Postmenopausal Women?
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Relation between myocardial infarction, depression, hostility, and death
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The relation of aggression, hostility, and anger to lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α by blood monocytes from normal men
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Hostility Predicts Magnitude and Duration of Blood Pressure Response to Anger
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Hostility and Cardiovascular Reactivity During Marital Interaction
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The short-term effects of a hostility-reduction intervention on male coronary heart disease patients
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The Contribution of Individual Differences in Hostility to the Associations between Daily Interpersonal Conflict, Affect, and Sleep
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The Pathogenicity of Behavior and Its Neuroendocrine Mediation
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Integrating dispositions and processing dynamics within a unified theory of personality: The cognitive–affective personality system.
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Problems and prospects for the social support-reactivity hypothesis
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Hostility and the Metabolic Syndrome in Older Males: The Normative Aging Study
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Hostile Behaviors Predict Cardiovascular Mortality Among Men Enrolled in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
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Psychosocial predictors of natural killer cell mobilization during marital conflict.
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Mapping nonverbal behavior on the interpersonal circle.
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An Interpersonal Analysis of Adult Attachment Style: Circumplex Descriptions, Recalled Developmental Experiences, Self‐Representations, and Interpersonal Functioning in Adulthood
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An Interpersonal Conceptualization and Quantification of Social Support Transactions
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Hostility, the metabolic syndrome, and incident coronary heart disease.
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Social Dominance and 22-Year All-Cause Mortality in Men
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Cardiovascular reactivity and interpersonal influence: Active coping in a social context.
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Effects of mental stress on flow-mediated brachial arterial dilation and influence of behavioral factors and hypercholesterolemia in subjects without cardiovascular disease**The opinions and assertions expressed herein are those of the authors and are not to be considered as reflecting the views of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences or the United States Department of Defense.
Gottdiener, J. S., Kop, W. J., Hausner, E., McCeney, M. K., Herrington, D. M., & Krantz, D. S. (2003) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(03)00823-3 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Behavioral and physiological markers of experimental depression induced by social conflicts (DISC)
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Cynical hostility, attempts to exert social control, and cardiovascular reactivity in married couples
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Vigilance, active coping, and cardiovascular reactivity during social interaction in young men.
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Hostility, Interpersonal Interactions, and Ambulatory Blood Pressure
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Effects of an Angry Temperament on Coronary Heart Disease Risk : The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
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Trait hostility and ambulatory cardiovascular activity: Responses to social interaction.
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Associations Between Psychological Traits and Endothelial Function in Postmenopausal Women
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Patterns of Change in Hostility from College to Midlife in the UNC Alumni Heart Study Predict High-Risk Status
Siegler, I. C., Costa, P. T., Brummett, B. H., Helms, M. J., Barefoot, J. C., Williams, R. B., Dahlstrom, W. G., Kaplan, B. H., VITALIANO, P. P., Nichaman, M. Z., et al. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000088583.25140.9c · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Hostility Is Associated With Increased Platelet Activation in Coronary Heart Disease
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Psychometric and circumplex properties of the octant scale Impact Message Inventory (IMI-C): A structural evaluation.
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Meta-Analysis of Factor Analyses: An Illustration Using the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory
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Anger Expression and Risk of Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease Among Male Health Professionals
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Hostile Attitudes Predict Elevated Vascular Resistance During Interpersonal Stress in Men and Women
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Psychosocial characteristics and recurrent events after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
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Anger Expression and Incident Stroke
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Applying Latent Growth Curve Modeling to the Investigation of Individual Differences in Cardiovascular Recovery From Stress
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SASB: A Bridge Between Personality Theory and Clinical Psychology
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Effects of hostility on ambulatory blood pressure and mood during daily living in healthy adults.
Räikkönen, K., Matthews, K. A., Flory, J. D., & Owens, J. F. (1999) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.18.1.44 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Hostility Predicts Recurrent Events among Postmenopausal Women with Coronary Heart Disease
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Vigilance, active coping, and cardiovascular reactivity during social interaction in young men.
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The effects of racial stressors and hostility on cardiovascular reactivity in African American and Caucasian men.
Fang, C. Y., & Myers, H. F. (2001) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.20.1.64 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Anger and Incident Heart Disease in the Caerphilly Study
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Attachment and loss experiences during childhood are associated with adult hostility, depression, and social support
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A Test of the Psychosocial Vulnerability and Health Behavior Models of Hostility
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Hostility, social support, and coronary heart disease in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study
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Negative family environment as a predictor of boy's future status on measures of hostile attitudes, interview behavior, and anger expression.
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Potential hostility and dimensions of anger.
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Hostility, social support, and carotid artery atherosclerosis in The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study
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Hostility and myocardial ischemia in coronary artery disease patients: evaluation by gender and ischemic index.
Helmers, K. F., Krantz, D. S., Howell, R. H., Klein, J. L., Merz, C. N. B., & Rozanski, A. (1993) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199301000-00006 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Potential hostility and dimensions of anger.
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Central nervous system serotonergic responsivity and aggressive disposition in men
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Cynical Hostility, Depressive Symptoms, and the Expression of Inflammatory Risk Markers for Coronary Heart Disease
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Interpersonal complementarity: Integrating interpersonal measurement with interpersonal models.
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Cardiovascular and electrodermal responses to support and provocation: Interpersonal methods in the study of psychophysiological reactivity
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Submissiveness and protection from coronary heart disease in the general population: Edinburgh Artery Study
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Patterns of Hostility and Social Support: Conceptualizing Psychosocial Risk Factors as Characteristics of the Person and the Environment
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Assessing the interpersonal transaction cycle: Convergence of action and reaction interpersonal circumplex measures.
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Behavioral clusters and coronary heart disease risk.
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What Does the Cook‐Medley Hostility Scale Measure? In Search of an Adequate Measurement Model1
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Antagonistic Behavior, Dominance, Hostility, and Coronary Heart Disease
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The assessment of anger and hostility.
Barefoot, J. C., & Lipkus, I. M. (1994) · Cited by 66 · see citing works

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Happy People Live Longer: Subjective Well‐Being Contributes to Health and Longevity
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The longitudinal effects of social support and hostility on depressive tendencies
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Can Hostility Interfere with the Health Benefits of Giving and Receiving Social Support? The Impact of Cynical Hostility on Cardiovascular Reactivity During Social Support Interactions Among Friends
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Self-citation

Authors: Smith, T. W., Glazer, K., Ruiz, J. M., & Gallo, L. C.
Affiliations: University of Utah (US)
University of Pittsburgh (US)
San Diego State University (US)
ORCID: Smith, Timothy W.
Ruiz, John M.
Gallo, Linda C.
Venue: Journal of Personality
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2004-10-28
Volume: 72
Issue: 6
Pages: 1217-1270
ISSN: 0022-3506 (ISSN-L)
1467-6494
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00296.x
OpenAlex: W2129245258
Semantic Scholar: e5e339e6ffd25f4ccebf47e26f9ff9df3b14c93b
Cited by: 543
References: 238
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 39
FWCI: 2.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Personality (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Keywords: hostility, anger, aggression, coronary artery disease, cardiovascular risk factors, longevity, psychosocial health, personality traits
MeSH terms: Aggression, Anger, Coronary Disease, Emotions, Hostility, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Risk Factors, Social Environment, Stress, Psychological

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Hostility, Anger, Aggressiveness, and Coronary Heart Disease: An Interpersonal Perspective on Personality, Emotion, and Health

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