The human perirhinal cortex and semantic memory
Abstract
Studies in macaque monkeys indicate that the perirhinal cortex in the temporal lobe participates in object memory. This function may be analogous to aspects of human semantic memory (knowledge of objects, concepts, faces and words). To date, the status of perirhinal cortex has not specifically been investigated in patients with semantic deficits as seen in semantic dementia, the temporal lobe variant of frontotemporal dementia. High-resolution three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in subjects with semantic dementia and Alzheimer's disease (characterized in its early stages by selective episodic memory impairment) and in healthy age-matched controls. Hippocampal, perirhinal, temporopolar and entorhinal cortex volumes were measured by outlining areas on successive scan slices according to recognized landmarks. The entorhinal and hippocampal regions were further subdivided into anterior and posterior parts. In keeping with the hypothesized contribution of the perirhinal cortex to semantic memory function, we found greater involvement of this region, together with the temporopolar and anterior entorhinal cortices, in semantic dementia than in either Alzheimer's disease patients or control subjects. Performance on a range of semantic tests also correlated with perirhinal volume. Bilateral reduction in hippocampal volume compared with controls was seen in Alzheimer's disease. In conclusion, atrophy of the human perirhinal cortex, and of directly connected areas, was associated with semantic memory impairment but not episodic memory impairment, as predicted from the primate work.
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Hippocampal atrophy occurs in various neurological and psychiatric conditions, notably semantic dementia.
“Indeed, hippocampal atrophy has been highlighted in various neurological and psychiatric conditions (Geuze et al., 2005), and notably in other neurodegenerative disorders such as semantic dementia (SD) (Chan et al., 2001; Davies et al., 2004; Desgranges et al., 2007; Galton et al., 2001; Nestor et al., 2006).”
From Hippocampal subfield volumetry in mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease and semantic dementia (2013) · cites this paper as Davies et al., 2004
Hippocampal atrophy differed between SD and AD patients in terms of hemispheric and anterior-posterior asymmetry.
“Contrastingly, hippocampal atrophy differed between SD and AD patients in terms of hemispheric and anterior–posterior asymmetry, in agreement with previous reports”
From Hippocampal subfield volumetry in mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease and semantic dementia (2013) · cites this paper as Davies et al., 2004
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- Authors
- Davies, R. R., Graham, K. S., Xuereb, J. H., Williams, G. B., & Hodges, J. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (GB)
- Venue
- European Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-10-12
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2441-2446
- ISSN
- 0953-816X (ISSN-L)
- 1460-9568
- OpenAlex
- W2164487539
- Cited by
- 238
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 8.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- perirhinal cortex, semantic memory, semantic dementia, Alzheimer's disease, hippocampal volume, entorhinal cortex, brain atrophy, episodic memory, object memory, temporal lobe
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Atrophy, Dementia, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory Disorders, Middle Aged, Neural Pathways, Neuropsychological Tests, Temporal Lobe, Entorhinal Cortex, Parahippocampal Gyrus
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