Patterns of temporal lobe atrophy in semantic dementia and Alzheimer's disease
Abstract
Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging analyses of 30 subjects were undertaken to quantify the global and temporal lobe atrophy in semantic dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Three groups of 10 subjects were studied: semantic dementia patients, Alzheimer's disease patients, and control subjects. The temporal lobe structures measured were the amygdala, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, and superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri. Semantic dementia and Alzheimer's disease groups did not differ significantly on global atrophy measures. In semantic dementia, there was asymmetrical temporal lobe atrophy, with greater left-sided damage. There was an anteroposterior gradient in the distribution of temporal lobe atrophy, with more marked atrophy anteriorly. All left anterior temporal lobe structures were affected in semantic dementia, with the entorhinal cortex, amygdala, middle and inferior temporal gyri, and fusiform gyrus the most severely damaged. Asymmetrical, predominantly anterior hippocampal atrophy was also present. In Alzheimer's disease, there was symmetrical atrophy of the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala, with no evidence of an anteroposterior gradient in the distribution of temporal lobe or hippocampal atrophy. These data demonstrate that there is a marked difference in the distribution of temporal lobe atrophy in semantic dementia and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, the pattern of atrophy in semantic dementia suggests that semantic memory is subserved by anterior temporal lobe structures, within which the middle and inferior temporal gyri may play a key role.
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Semantic dementia is typified by progressive degeneration of the anterior temporal lobes, most severe on the ventral surface, including the anterior temporal fusiform gyrus, temporal pole, anterior hippocampus and amygdala.
“From a neural standpoint, semantic dementia is typified by the progressive degeneration of the anterior temporal lobes (Hodges and Patterson, 2007), which is most severe on the ventral surface, including the anterior temporal fusiform gyrus, temporal pole, anterior hippocampus and amygdala (Chan et al., 2001;Galton et al., 2001;Davies et al., 2004;Whitwell et al., 2005;Mion et al., 2010).”
From Considering the role of semantic memory in episodic future thinking: evidence from semantic dementia (2012) · cites this paper as Chan et al., 2001
Hippocampal atrophy occurs in various neurological and psychiatric conditions, notably semantic dementia.
“Indeed, hippocampal atrophy has been highlighted in various neurological and psychiatric conditions (Geuze et al., 2005), and notably in other neurodegenerative disorders such as semantic dementia (SD) (Chan et al., 2001; Davies et al., 2004; Desgranges et al., 2007; Galton et al., 2001; Nestor et al., 2006).”
From Hippocampal subfield volumetry in mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease and semantic dementia (2013) · cites this paper as Chan et al., 2001
Hippocampal atrophy differed between SD and AD patients in terms of hemispheric and anterior-posterior asymmetry.
“Contrastingly, hippocampal atrophy differed between SD and AD patients in terms of hemispheric and anterior–posterior asymmetry, in agreement with previous reports”
From Hippocampal subfield volumetry in mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease and semantic dementia (2013) · cites this paper as Chan et al., 2001
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‘I remember it as if it were yesterday’: Memory for recent events in patients with semantic dementia
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- Authors
- Chan, D., Fox, N. C., Scahill, R. I., Crum, W. R., Whitwell, J. L., Leschziner, G., Rossor, A. M., Stevens, J. M., Cipolotti, L., & Rossor, M. N.
- Affiliations
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Fox, Nick C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annals of Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-04
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 433-442
- ISSN
- 0364-5134 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-8249
- OpenAlex
- W2127384340
- Cited by
- 749
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 66 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 21.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- temporal lobe atrophy, semantic dementia, Alzheimer's disease, hippocampal atrophy, entorhinal cortex, amygdala, fusiform gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, anteroposterior gradient, semantic memory, brain volumetry
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Atrophy, Dementia, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Temporal Lobe
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