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Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis
Abstract
We conducted a meta-analysis using 20 randomised controlled studies of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. The mean pre-post effect size was d = 0.94, which was maintained at follow-up. The mean effect size when comparing the CBT and control group was d = 0.61. Within the CBT group, the mean effect size of university clinics (d = 0.77) was larger than that of other clinics (d = 0.37). The difference in effect sizes was hardly noticeable when comparing CBT with family or parents and CBT with child only (d = 0.03). Further studies are required to examine the effectiveness of family CBT versus child CBT.
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“Collectively, studies have found that between 50% to 80% of youth with anxiety disorders receiving CBT show clinical levels of improvement (Cartwright-Hatton, Roberts, Chitsabesan, Fothhergill, & Harrington, 2004;Hudson, 2005;Ishikawa, Okajima, Matsuoka, & Sakano, 2007;James et al., 2007;March, Spence, & Donovan, 2009).”
From The efficacy of a group-based, disorder-specific treatment program for childhood GAD - A randomized controlled trial (2014) · cites this paper as Ishikawa, Okajima, Matsuoka, & Sakano, 2007
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“Fortunately, there are now a number of studies that demonstrate large effect sizes for clinic-based CBT for child anxiety (Ishikawa, Okajima, Matsuoka, & Sakano, 2007), which will allow us to make comparisons with the online intervention in this study.”
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“…intervention for such problems (Klein, Jacobs and Reinecke, 2007; Cartwright-Hatton, Roberts, Chitsabesan, Fothergill and Harrington, 2004; Ishikawa, Okajima, Matsuoka and Sakano, 2007), and as such CBT is now recommended by the UK National Institute of Clinical Excellence for the…”
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“All rights reserved. treatment sessions (Ishikawa et al., 2007).”
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“Kopp and Gillberg (1997) cited two community-based research studies on prevalence, both carried out in the UK.”
BackgroundSherman, J. A., Tonarely, N. A., & Ehrenreich-May, J. (2018) · Clinical Case Studies · doi:10.1177/1534650117753671 · Cited by 16
Sperling, J., Boger, K., & Potter, M. (2020) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104519871338 · Cited by 16
“In line with previous research (Ishikawa et al., 2007), children also endorsed decreases in their depression symptoms from admission to discharge.”
ResultSchmied, V., & Walsh, P. (2010) · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2206.2009.00650.x · Cited by 16
“What have been studied more commonly are service models and interventions such as multi-systemic therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy for young people with behavioural and emotional difficulties (Kazdin 2005; Rowland et al. 2005; Ishikawa et al. 2007).”
BackgroundMeta-analysis: Counseling Outcomes for Youth with Anxiety Disorders
Erford, B. T., Kress, V. E. W., Giguere, M., Cieri, D., & Erford, B. M. (2015) · Journal of Mental Health Counseling · doi:10.17744/mehc.37.1.mgj66326868u33g2 · Cited by 14
A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
Ishikawa, S. (2015) · doi:10.1111/jpr.12078 · Cited by 15
Self-citationPorter, C. M., Galloghly, E., & Burbach, F. (2022) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x22000216 · Cited by 19
“…for a number of psychological conditions in children and young people (Wergeland et al ., 2020), including anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and depression (David-Ferdon and Kaslow, 2008; Ishikawa et al ., 2007; Kreuze et al ., 2018; Oud et al ., 2019; Reynolds et al ., 2012).”
Linetzky, M., Pettit, J. W., Silverman, W. K., Pine, D. S., & Bar‐Haim, Y. (2020) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702620902130 · Cited by 14
Ahlen, J., Lenhard, F., & Ghaderi, A. (2019) · The Behavior Therapist · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2018.05.003 · Cited by 14
Oldham‐Cooper, R., & Loades, M. E. (2017) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/jcap.12165 · Cited by 16
Individual CBT for Anxiety and Related Symptoms in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Wood, J. J., Klebanoff, S., Renno, P., Fujii, C., & Danial, J. T. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805122-1.00007-7 · Cited by 17
Reigada, L. C., Satpute, A., Hoogendoorn, C. J., Cohen, B. H., Lai, J., Bao, R., Dubinsky, M. C., & Benkov, K. J. (2016) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000000864 · Cited by 15
Schwalbe, C., & Gearing, R. (2012) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2011.01133.x · Cited by 13
Stadler, C., Freitag, C., Popma, A., Nauta-Jansen, L., Konrad, K., Unternaehrer, E., Ackermann, K., Bernhard, A., Martinelli, A., Oldenhof, H., et al. (2023) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13896 · Cited by 12
Manley, S., & Francis, S. E. B. (2021) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-021-09937-5 · Cited by 14
Jones, M. K., Dickter, B., Beard, C. L., Perales, R., & Bunge, E. (2016) · Contemporary Behavioral Health Care · doi:10.15761/cbhc.1000115 · Cited by 12
A stress management intervention for adults living with HIV in Nigerian community settings
Nwobi, A. U., Eseadi, C., Obetta, K. C., Ekwealor, N. E., Ogbonnaya, K. A., Oboegbulem, A. I., Chinweuba, N. H., Mbagwu, F., Vita-Agundu, U. C., Okpoko, C. C., et al. (2018) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000012801 · Cited by 18
Goletz, H., Yang, Y., Suhr-Dachs, L., Walter, D., & Döpfner, M. (2013) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000239 · Cited by 10
Thingbak, A., Adrian Wells, A., & O’Toole, M. S. (2024) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102926 · Cited by 9
Loo, T., Hunt, J., Grodberg, D., & Bravata, D. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/43600 · Cited by 9
“The magnitude of improvement in depression and anxiety is similar to that seen in in-person studies [31,32].”
ResultThe Relationship between Parenting and Internalizing Problems in Childhood
Scaini, S., Palmieri, S., & Caputi, M. (2018) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.73540 · Cited by 13
Lundkvist‐Houndoumadi, I., & Thastum, M. (2013) · Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy · doi:10.14713/pcsp.v9i2.1818 · Cited by 10
Holmes, M. C., Donovan, C. L., & Farrell, L. J. (2015) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.29.4.275 · Cited by 9
Giani, L., Caputi, M., Forresi, B., Michelini, G., & Scaini, S. (2021) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41811-021-00129-3 · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Ishikawa, S., Okajima, I., Matsuoka, H., & Sakano, Y.
- Affiliations
- University of Miyazaki (JP)
- Health Sciences University of Hokkaido (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Ishikawa, Shin‐ichi
- Venue
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-01-19
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 164-172
- ISSN
- 1475-357X (ISSN-L)
- 1475-3588
- OpenAlex
- W2048425974
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 8.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy, anxiety disorders, children, adolescents, treatment effectiveness, family therapy, university clinic, follow-up maintenance
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