The DOI matches its Crossref record; 80 of the 80 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 52 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic‐like behavior in mice
Open accessAbstract
Deficits in social interaction are important early markers for autism and related neurodevelopmental disorders with strong genetic components. Standardized behavioral assays that measure the preference of mice for initiating social interactions with novel conspecifics would be of great value for mutant mouse models of autism. We developed a new procedure to assess sociability and the preference for social novelty in mice. To quantitate sociability, each mouse was scored on measures of exploration in a central habituated area, a side chamber containing an unfamiliar conspecific (stranger 1) in a wire cage, or an empty side chamber. In a secondary test, preference for social novelty was quantitated by presenting the test mouse with a choice between the first, now‐familiar, conspecific (stranger 1) in one side chamber, and a second unfamiliar mouse (stranger 2) in the other side chamber. Parameters scored included time spent in each chamber and number of entries into the chambers. Five inbred strains of mice were tested, C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, FVB/NJ, A/J and B6129PF2/J hybrids. Four strains showed significant levels of sociability (spend‐ ing more time in the chamber containing stranger 1 than in the empty chamber) and a preference for social novelty (spending more time in the chamber containing stranger 2 than in the chamber containing the now‐familiar stranger 1). These social preferences were observed in both male and female mice, and in juveniles and adults. The exception was A/J, a strain that demonstrated a preference for the central chamber. Results are discussed in terms of potential applications of the new methods, and the proper controls for the interpretation of social behavior data, including assays for health, relevant sensory abilities and motor functions. This new standardized procedure to quantitate sociability and preference for social novelty in mice provides a method to assess tendencies for social avoidance in mouse models of autism.
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63 Own result · 16 No full text of the sources · 15 Own method · 6 Not checked yet · 6 Own interpretation · 5 Sources not found · 2 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · accuracy not yet measured
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Four strains showed significant levels of sociability (spending more time in the chamber containing stranger 1 than in the empty chamber)”
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In the paper
“Four strains showed significant levels of sociability (spending more time in the chamber containing stranger 1 than in the empty chamber) and a preference for social novelty (spending more time in the chamber containing stranger 2 than in the chamber containing the now-familiar stranger 1).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These social preferences were observed in both male and female mice, and in juveniles and adults.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These social preferences were observed in both male and female mice, and in juveniles and adults.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The exception was A/J, a strain that demonstrated a preference for the central chamber.”
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, four of the five inbred and hybrid strains tested spent more time in the side of the social test box containing the unfamiliar stranger, vs. time in the empty side.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“DBA/2 mice tended to have lower numbers of entries than the C57BL/6J mice (Fig. 10b; significant main effect of strain, F 1,9 ¼ 16.156, P ¼ 0.003; retest, F 1,9 ¼ 36.215,P ¼ 0.0002; and side, F 1,9 ¼ 8.723, P ¼ 0.0161).”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Finally, the adult C57BL/6J and DBA/2 mice had higher numbers of entries into the side of the chamber containing the unfamiliar conspecific in the sociability test.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
plainn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Adult A/J males failed to show a significant preference for the side containing stranger 1, as compared to the empty side.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The low number of entries observed in the A/J mice was significantly different from both of the other inbred strains (post hoc tests following repeated measures ANOVA, F-values above).”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 24
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
- Probably not a substantial claim. 32
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Higher numbers of sniffs were directed toward stranger 1 than towards the empty wire cage, and towards the novel stranger 2 vs. the now-familiar stranger 1, in C57BL/6J, DBA/2J and FVB/NJ male mice (Nadler et al. 2004).”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Nadler et al. 2004 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The “Social behavior tasks in three inbred strains” section reports that males of all three named strains spent more time sniffing the cage containing stranger 1 than the empty cage, and more time sniffing stranger 2 than stranger 1. The “Sociability test” section specifies that sniffing was scored as cumulative duration in seconds, not as a number of sniffs; that measurement in the claim is unsupported. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“General health, neurological reflexes, activity levels, motor functions and sensory abilities were normal in most regards for the strains tested.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similar levels of sociability were clearly evident in a group of young female C57BL/6J mice.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Discussion
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A/J was the only strain tested that failed to spend more time with a conspecific, and spent most of its time in the central chamber after the initial 5-minute habituation session.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All of the inbred strains were able to locate buried food, supporting an interpretation that none were anosmic, which could have severely impacted social behaviors by blocking detection of olfactory cues emitted by the stranger mice.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the olfactory test, the majority of the subjects successfully located and retrieved the buried food.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > General health, home cage behavior, neurophysiological reflexes and sensory and motor function
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As shown in Fig. 9, the A/J group did show significant increases in time spent in the side regions (Fig. 9a, significant main effect of retest, F 1,9 ¼ 11.343, P ¼ 0.0083) and in number of entries (Fig. 9b, significant main effect of retest, F 1,9 ¼ 13.302, P ¼ 0.0053) when the openings between chambers were more accessible.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Sociability procedure with modified social test box
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the significantly higher locomotor scores observed in the FVB/NJ strain, in comparison to the other two groups, were not reflected in an overall higher number of entries.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The FVB/NJ mice demonstrated a significantly shorter latency for locating the buried food,”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A significant interaction was found between side of chamber and test condition (F 1,57 ¼ 67.634, P < 0.0001), reflecting the finding that preference was for the stranger 1 side during the first half of the session (the sociability condition), but switched to the stranger 2 side during the last part of the session (the social novelty condition).”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Social behavior
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Arguing against an artifactual interpretation that hypolocomotion caused the social deficit in the A/J group are the data of Fig. 8. Repeated testing of A/J in the modified apparatus increased the number of entries, but did not yield significant sociability scores.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The A/J mice spent significantly more time in the center chamber, indicating a strong preference for the start box that was not seen in the other strains.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the second group of juvenile C57BL/6J mice, both males and females made equal numbers of entries into each side of the social test box during the assay for sociability, but showed an increased number of entries into the side of the social box containing the second, 'novel' unfamiliar stranger during the test for social novelty.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no significant differences between the strains in body weight or rotarod performance (see Table 1 for mean latency to fall on the second trial).”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > General health, home cage behavior, neurophysiological reflexes and sensory and motor function
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, for the juvenile male mice, number of entries did not reflect the trends for social preference seen in the duration measures, and only partially correlated with their locomotor activity independently quantitated in the open field.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, low locomotor scores in DBA/2J and high locomotor scores in FVB/NJ appeared to be unrelated to amount of time spent in the chamber with stranger 1 and stranger 2.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Significant preferences for sociability (Fig. 3a) or preference for social novelty (Fig. 3b) were not observed for number of chamber entries in any of the inbred strains.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Social behavior
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the present study, the juvenile male mice made nests and huddled together while sleeping.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Autistic individuals may further avoid unfamiliar social partners and display diminished interest in novelty (American Psychiatric Association 1994).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites American Psychiatric Association 1994
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This modification focuses the task on social approach tendencies, relevant to the social approach deficit in autism, while avoiding potential confounds resulting from aggressive or sexual interactions.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Most autistic individuals demonstrate reduced or unusual social approach.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To ensure that differences in social behaviors were not artifacts of other aspects of mouse behaviors, a series of independent control experiments was conducted to evaluate potential confounding factors.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The number of times that the mouse exited from the habituated empty central chamber into the novel empty chamber provided a general measure of locomotor function.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Social behaviors have been explored in mice with mutations in candidate genes such as oxytocin (Winslow & Insel 2002;Young et al. 2002), monoamine oxidase-A (Shih & Chen 1999), fragile X (Churchill et al. 2002;Mineur et al. 2002) and dishevelled-1 (Lijam et al. 1997).”
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Further controls were designed to detect additional symptoms relevant to autism, such as abnormalities in locomotion or motor coordination (Hallett et al. 1993;Piven et al. 1997), that could directly affect performance of the social task.”
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Measures of general health, home cage behavior and neurological reflexes were conducted to rule out gross physical abnormalities (Crawley 2000).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Crawley 2000
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Retrieval of food buried in cage bedding was quantitated in a 15-minute olfactory test, to ensure that the subject mice were not grossly impaired in olfaction abilities.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A large body of evidence from twin and family studies supports the important role of genetic factors in the etiology of autism (Bailey et al. 1995;Ritvo et al. 1989;Szatmari et al. 1998).”
What the sources say
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The present mouse tasks were designed to maximize face validity to some of the core symptoms of autism.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, the A/J mice were given a second test one week later, with the dividing walls between the chamber sides partially retracted to facilitate exploration.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Test for sociability in adult male mice
plainn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Given the primacy of social impairment in autism, we considered this symptom to be fundamental to a mouse model of autism (Insel 2001).”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Insel 2001
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several additional behavioral assays were performed in the initial set of juvenile male mice (C57BL/6J, DBA/2J and FVB/ NJ).These assays were designed as controls for sensory and motor abilities, etc., to ensure that the test mice were physically able to perform the procedures necessary for the social tasks described above.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The chambers of the social apparatus were cleaned and fresh paper chip bedding was added between trials.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Tests for sociability and social novelty preference
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The location of stranger 1 in the left vs. right side chamber was systematically alternated between trials.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Tests for sociability and social novelty preference
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In our experience to date with the present procedures, human observers attain a high level of proficiency after only one or two practice sessions, with high rates (greater than 95%) of interrater reliability between trained observers.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The present protocol used a small wire cage to enclose the stimulus mouse, which allowed visual, auditory and olfactory contact between the mice, but prevented the occurrence of aggressive and other responses.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“From an early age, autistic children show low levels of eye contact and affective responses, less orientation toward others and language deficits, with a concomitant paucity of speech and social communication (for review, see Tager-Flusberg et al. 2001).”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Tager-Flusberg et al. 2001 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The stranger mouse was enclosed in a small, round wire cage (Galaxy Cup, Spectrum Diversified Designs, Inc., Streetsboro, OH), which allowed nose contact between the bars, but prevented fighting.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Tests for sociability and social novelty preference
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Previous work in social recognition has shown that mice show both habituation of olfactory responses directed toward an unfamiliar conspecific, and dishabituation, with a reinstatement of social sniffing, when a novel stimulus animal is presented (Bluthe et al. 1993;Dluzen & Kreutzberg 1993;Ferguson et al. 2000;Kogan et al. 2000;Winslow & Camacho 1995).”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Alternatively, these data may reflect the low levels of open field exploratory behaviors and high levels of anxiety-like behaviors in the light/dark transitions test reported for A/J mice in other studies (Bouwknecht & Paylor 2002;Mathis et al. 1994Mathis et al. , 1995;;Thifault et al. 2002;Wahlsten et al. 2003) and reflected in the low number of entries in the present study.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The present procedures for the sociability and social novelty tests are designed to be simple, quantitative and easily mastered by investigators.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, the present methods were designed to quantitate levels of sociability, i.e. tendency to initiate social contact, and preference for social novelty, i.e. tendency to initiate social contacts with a new individual as compared to someone familiar from past experience, using a simple scoring approach for laboratory mice.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“For example, some autistic patients demonstrate aberrant motor responses, including repeated hand flapping, jumping and other repetitive and stereotyped behaviors (Bodfish et al. 2000;Tager-Flusberg et al. 2001).”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Altered sensory responses have been reported, including both hypo-and hyper-reactivity to environmental stimuli (Baranek 2002).”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Baranek 2002 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Observational findings in some of these behavioral domains have been reported in some targeted gene mutations, e.g.deficits in social interaction within the home cage have been reported for mice deficient in the dishevelled-1 gene (Lijam et al. 1997) or the NMDA NR1 subunit (Mohn et al. 1999).”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Use of the three-chambered apparatus for demonstrating social preference (Insel 2001) was adapted by Brodkin et al. (2004) to investigate social approach and avoidance in female mice.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Insel 2001
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Brodkin et al. 2004 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Observations of mice in these settings have shown that exposure to an unfamiliar stranger typically evokes a period of intense social sniffing, which may be followed by escalating aggressive responses or sexual behavior, dependent upon such factors as age and sex of the unfamiliar conspecific (Bluthe et al. 1993;Kogan et al. 2000;Winslow & Camacho 1995).”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“and the mouse model of fragile X syndrome has been characterized by changes in activity (Bakker et al. 1994;Peier et al. 2000) and reactivity to acoustic stimuli (Chen & Toth 2001;Nielson et al. 2002).”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bakker et al. 1994
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Peier et al. 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Chen & Toth 2001 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Children with fragile X syndrome often show autistic behavior (Hagerman et al. 1986),”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hagerman et al. 1986 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“As noted by Winslow (2003), the analysis of the full behavioral series that can occur in social tests demands familiarity with the mouse ethogram, extensive training and the ability to discern the sometimes rapid and fleeting responses that mice can emit.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Winslow 2003 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Methods are based on procedures examining pair-bonding in voles (Dean, S.M. & Vandenbergh, J.G. as above), as well as many other elegant tests for social behavior in rodents (Bluthe et al. 1993;Carter et al. 1995;Dluzen & Kreutzberg 1993;Gheusi et al. 1994;Insel and Young 2001;Kogan et al. 2000;Winslow & Camacho 1995;Winslow 2003).”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Mouse sociability tasks
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
Most autistic individuals demonstrate reduced or unusual social approach.
“We reasoned that most autistic individuals demonstrate reduced or unusual social approach.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Behavioral models of autistic-like responses in mice have received little attention.
“However, to date, behavioral models of autistic-like responses in mice have received little attention.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Studies aimed at modeling, in animals, the core phenotypes associated with ASDs have focused on studying social and repetitive behaviors in mice [530-532] and pair-bonding behaviors in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) [533,534].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [530]
In the citing paper
“There is compelling evidence that some strains are more”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“However, almost all of them display some level of sociability (ie, preference to explore other mice over inanimate objects 9 ).”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [9]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice
“These social preferences were observed in both male and female mice, and in juveniles and adults.”
§ Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic-like behavior in mice > Test for sociability in adult male mice
“the social novelty test was not conducted”
Citations
Cites
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Hu, R. J. (2003) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-12-226870-9/01070-4 · Cited by 9,168
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Autism as a strongly genetic disorder: evidence from a British twin study
Bailey, A., Le Couteur, A., Gottesman, I., Bolton, P., Simonoff, E., Yuzda, E., & Rutter, M. (1995) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700028099 · Cited by 2,461
Epidemiological Surveys of Autism and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders: An Update
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Varieties of Repetitive Behavior in Autism: Comparisons to Mental Retardation
Bodfish, J. W., Symons, F. J., Parker, D. E., & Lewis, M. H. (2000) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1005596502855 · Cited by 1,223
The neurobiology of attachment
Insel, T. R., & Young, L. J. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35053579 · Cited by 1,173
A Comparison of the Social Postures of Some Common Laboratory Rodents
Grant, E. C., & Mackintosh, J. H. (1963) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/156853963x00185 · Cited by 1,167
Social amnesia in mice lacking the oxytocin gene
Ferguson, J. N., Young, L. J., Hearn, E. F., Matzuk, M. M., Insel, T. R., & Winslow, J. T. (2000) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/77040 · Cited by 1,130
Fmr1 knockout mice: A model to study fragile X mental retardation
THEDUTCHBELGIANFRAGILEXCONSOR (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90569-x · Cited by 1,108
Research works printed but not linked: 1
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,472
5-HT2C Agonists Modulate Schizophrenia-Like Behaviors in Mice
Pogorelov, V. M., Rodriguiz, R. M., Cheng, J., Huang, M., Schmerberg, C. M., Meltzer, H. Y., Roth, B. L., Kozikowski, A. P., & Wetsel, W. C. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.52 · Cited by 52
Eltokhi, A., Kurpiers, B., & Pitzer, C. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-85858-3 · Cited by 57
Yoshida, T., Yamagata, A., Imai, A., Kim, J., Izumi, H., Nakashima, S., Shiroshima, T., Maeda, A., Iwasawa-Okamoto, S., Azechi, K., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22059-6 · Cited by 50
Attention Deficit Associated with Early Life Interictal Spikes in a Rat Model Is Improved with ACTH
Hernan, A. E., Alexander, A. J., Lenck‐Santini, P., Scott, R. C., & Holmes, G. L. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089812 · Cited by 49
“The sociability experiment was based on a previously described mouse sociability task [11].”
NR1 knockdown mice as a representative model of the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia
Ramsey, A. J. (2009) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(09)17906-2 · Cited by 50
“rapid screen for sociability (Moy et al., 2004), this behavior, like exploratory ambulation, is amenable to evaluate drugs that improve cognition or sociability.”
BackgroundKim, P., Park, J. H., Kwon, K. J., Kim, K. C., Kim, H. J., Lee, J., Kim, H. Y., Han, S., & Shin, C. Y. (2012) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2012.10.011 · Cited by 51
“The sociability test examine whether the test animal prefer the social interaction with conspecific unfamiliar animals rather than selecting test area without animals, which was adapted from Crawley (Crawley, 2004; Moy et al., 2004) and performed with several modifications using 4 weeks old rats as we reported previou…”
BackgroundMethodGregory, K. J., Herman, E. J., Ramsey, A. J., Hammond, A. S., Byun, N. E., Stauffer, S. R., Manka, J. T., Jadhav, S. B., Bridges, T. M., Weaver, C. D., et al. (2013) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.113.206623 · Cited by 49
α 5GABA A receptor deficiency causes autism‐like behaviors
Zurek, A. A., Kemp, S. W. P., Aga, Z., Walker, S., Milenkovic, M., Ramsey, A. J., Sibille, E. L., Scherer, S. W., & Orser, B. A. (2016) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.303 · Cited by 51
“Next, preference for social stimuli was assessed using the three-chamber social approach test.(17) During the habituation phase of the study, WT and Gabra5 / mice spent equal time in the left and right chambers, indicating no inherent preference (genotype: F1,72 = 0.”
MethodThe X-Linked Intellectual Disability Protein IL1RAPL1 Regulates Dendrite Complexity
Montani, C., Ramos-Brossier, M., Ponzoni, L., Gritti, L., Cwetsch, A. W., Braida, D., Saillour, Y., Terragni, B., Mantegazza, M., Sala, M., et al. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3775-16.2017 · Cited by 48
“Measures were taken of the time to find the food and whether it was consumed (Moy et al., 2004).”
BackgroundVitamin D is crucial for maternal care and offspring social behaviour in rats
Yates, N. J., Tesic, D., Feindel, K. W., Smith, J. T., Clarke, M. W., Wale, C. H., Crew, R. C., Wharfe, M. D., Whitehouse, A., & Wyrwoll, C. S. (2018) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-18-0008 · Cited by 54
Neurobehavioral effects of long‐term maternal fructose intake in rat offspring
Erbaş, O., Erdoğan, M. A., Khalilnezhad, A., Gürkan, F. T., Yiğittürk, G., Meral, A., & Taşkıran, D. (2018) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.07.001 · Cited by 52
Modi, B., Pimpinella, D., Pazienti, A., Zacchi, P., Cherubini, E., & Griguoli, M. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00513 · Cited by 57
Activation of basolateral amygdala in juvenile C57BL/6J mice during social approach behavior
Ferri, S. L., Kreibich, A. S., Torre, M., Piccoli, C. T., Dow, H. C., Pallathra, A. A., Li, H., Bilker, W. B., Gur, R. C., Abel, T. G., et al. (2016) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.006 · Cited by 48
“…a modified version of the Social Approach Test (SAT), an assay that has been widely used to assess sociability in mice, including mouse models relevant to ASD (Brodkin et al., 2004; Moy et al., 2004; Tabuchi et al., 2007; Fairless et al., 2012; Peñagarikano and Geschwind, 2012; Won et al., 2012).”
MethodDevelopment of home cage social behaviors in BALB/cJ vs. C57BL/6J mice
Fairless, A. H., Katz, J. M., Safi, N., Dow, H. C., Kreibich, A. S., Berrettini, W. H., Abel, T. G., & Brodkin, E. S. (2012) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.08.051 · Cited by 47
Oaks, A. W., Zamarbide, M., Tambunan, D. E., Santini, E., Costanzo, S. D., Pond, H. L., Johnson, M. W., Lin, J. C.-F., Gonzalez, D. M., Boehler, J., et al. (2016) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhw009 · Cited by 47
“A subsequent cohort of animals underwent the three-chamber social interaction test (Moy et al. 2004; Kaidanovich-Beilin et al. 2011), an analysis of social approach between males and females (Kazdoba et al. 2015), and a test for ultrasonic vocalization (USV) during male–female interactions…”
Experiments done in Black-6 mice: what does it mean?
Åhlgren, J., & Võikar, V. (2019) · Lab Animal · doi:10.1038/s41684-019-0288-8 · Cited by 47
Song, S., Meng, X., Xia, Z., Liu, H., Zhang, J., Chen, Q., Liu, H., Ji, F., & Peng, K. (2019) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.102326 · Cited by 50
“Social interaction tests were performed as previously presented [61].”
MethodNotaras, M. J., Allen, M., Longo, F., Volk, N. L., Tóth, M., Jeon, N. L., Klann, E., & Colak, D. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0547-5 · Cited by 51
Gillera, S. E. A., Marinello, W. P., Horman, B. M., Phillips, A. L., Ruis, M. T., Stapleton, H. M., Reif, D. M., & Patisaul, H. B. (2019) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2019.106840 · Cited by 48
Newborn mice form lasting CA2-dependent memories of their mothers
Laham, B. J., Diethorn, E. J., & Gould, E. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108668 · Cited by 50
“Preweaning two-choice social recognition test At P3, P6, P10, P12, and P14, male and female mouse pups underwent behavior testing to investigate the memory of the mother using a modified two-choice social recognition test (Moy et al., 2004).”
MethodInfluentialMilenkovic, M., Mielnik, C. A., & Ramsey, A. J. (2014) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12183 · Cited by 47
“The sociability assay was adapted from Moy et al. (2004) and performed as previously described (Mielnik et al. 2014; Ramsey et al. 2011).”
MethodLaviola, G., Zoratto, F., Ingiosi, D., Carito, V., Huzard, D., Fiore, M., & Macrı̀, S. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188907 · Cited by 47
Yoo, T., Cho, H., Lee, J., Park, H., Yoo, Y.-E., Yang, E., Kim, J. Y., Kim, H., & Kim, E. (2018) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00341 · Cited by 50
“Three-Chamber Test Social approach was measured using the three-chambered test (Moy et al., 2004; Nadler et al., 2004; Silverman et al., 2010).”
MethodMaloney, S. E., Yuede, C. M., Creeley, C. E., Williams, S. L., Huffman, J. N., Taylor, G. T., Noguchi, K. N., & Wozniak, D. F. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-39174-6 · Cited by 47
Nakamoto, C., Kawamura, M., Nakatsukasa, E., Natsume, R., Takao, K., Watanabe, M., Abe, M., Takeuchi, T., & Sakimura, K. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0229288 · Cited by 51
Carlton, C. N., Sullivan‐Toole, H., Ghane, M., & Richey, J. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00154 · Cited by 49
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Systematic autistic-like behavioral phenotyping of 4 mouse strains using a novel wheel-running assay
Karvat, G., & Kimchi, T. (2012) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.05.028 · Cited by 46
PRICKLE1 Interaction with SYNAPSIN I Reveals a Role in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Paemka, L., Mahajan, V. B., Skeie, J. M., Sowers, L. P., Ehaideb, S. N., Gonzalez‐Alegre, P., Sasaoka, T., Tao, H., Miyagi, A., Ueno, N., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080737 · Cited by 47
“A freely moving social-interaction assay measured sociability, a characteristic used to assess autisticlike behavior in mice [32,33].”
MethodEffects of Npas4 deficiency on anxiety, depression-like, cognition and sociability behaviour
Jaehne, E. J., Klarić, T., Koblar, S. A., Baune, B. T., & Lewis, M. D. (2014) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.12.044 · Cited by 47
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Macbeth, A. H., Edds, J. S., & Young, W. S. (2009) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2009.141 · Cited by 46
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Bertocchi, I., Eltokhi, A., Rozov, A. V., Nguyễn, V., Jensen, V., Bus, T., Pawlak, V., Serafino, M., Sonntag, H., Yang, B., et al. (2021) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-020-01538-4 · Cited by 48
Brain circuits that regulate social behavior
Li, H., Zhao, Z., Jiang, S., & Wu, H. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03037-6 · Cited by 67
Häring, M., Enk, V., Rey, A. A., Loch, S., de Azúa, I. R., Weber, T., Bartsch, D., Monory, K., & Lutz, B. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00235 · Cited by 47
Jaehne, E. J., & Baune, B. T. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.12.006 · Cited by 46
CRHR1 links peripuberty stress with deficits in social and stress-coping behaviors
Veenit, V., Riccio, O., & Sandi, C. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.02.015 · Cited by 45
Guha, S. K., Tillu, R., Sood, A., Patgaonkar, M. S., Nanavaty, I. N., Sengupta, A., Sharma, S., Vaidya, V. A., & Pathak, S. (2014) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.06.009 · Cited by 45
“Heatmap and hierarchical clustering (Eisen et al., 1998) were performed using pheatmap package (Kolde (2013)) in R statistical programming language (R Core Team (2014)).”
MethodSu, J., Jiang, C., Lippold, K. M., Monavarfeshani, A., Carrillo, G. L., Jenkins, R., & Fox, M. A. (2016) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201509085 · Cited by 43
Behavioral Changes in Mice Lacking Interleukin-33
Dohi, E., Choi, E. Y., Rose, I. V. L., Murata, A. S., Chow, S., Niwa, M., & Kano, S. (2017) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0147-17.2017 · Cited by 47
“…recognition in Il33 / mice To address whether IL-33 deficiency specifically influences anxiety-related behaviors, we also assessed the social behaviors of Il33 / mice in the three-chamber social interaction test (Moy et al., 2004; Gkogkas et al., 2013; Lipina et al., 2013; Filiano et al., 2016).”
MethodAbnormal behaviours relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders in Kirrel3-knockout mice
Hisaoka, T., Komori, T., Kitamura, T., & Morikawa, Y. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19844-7 · Cited by 45
Jaramillo, T. C., Xuan, Z., Reimers, J. M., Escamilla, C. O., Liu, S., & Powell, C. M. (2020) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0332-19.2020 · Cited by 47
“, 2009) and based to a large extent on the original descriptions (Moy et al., 2004; Nadler et al., 2004).”
BackgroundMethodRitzel, R. M., Li, Y., Lei, Z., Carter, J., He, J., Choi, H., Khan, N., Li, H., Allen, S., Lipinski, M. M., et al. (2022) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-022-00562-y · Cited by 46
“Social recognition (SR) test This task is based on rodent’s innate tendency to investigate a novel congener over a familiar one [46, 57, 58].”
BackgroundGonzales, E. L., Yang, S. M., Choi, C. S., Mabunga, D. F. N., Kim, H. J., Cheong, J. H., Ryu, J. H., Koo, B., & Shin, C. Y. (2015) · Biomolecules & Therapeutics · doi:10.4062/biomolther.2014.120 · Cited by 47
“This method was first established by Moy and colleagues (Moy et al., 2004) and was slightly modified in our laboratory (Kim et al.”
MethodWalton, J. C., Selvakumar, B., Weil, Z. M., Snyder, S. H., & Nelson, R. J. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.08.003 · Cited by 45
Yen, Y.-C., Anderzhanova, E. A., Bunck, M., Schuller, J., Landgraf, R., & Wotjak, C. T. (2013) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00103 · Cited by 47
Antonson, A. M., Radlowski, E. C., Lawson, M. A., Rytych, J. L., & Johnson, R. W. (2016) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.09.019 · Cited by 47
Social behaviors and acoustic vocalizations in different strains of mice
Faure, A., Pittaras, E., Nosjean, A., Chabout, J., Cressant, A., & Granon, S. (2016) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.003 · Cited by 49
Pervolaraki, E., Hall, S. P., Foresteire, D., Saito, T., Saido, T. C., Whittington, M. A., Lever, C., & Dachtler, J. (2019) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.040550 · Cited by 42
Early exposure to general anesthesia impairs social and emotional development in rats
Diana, P., Joksimovic, S. M., Faisant, A., & Jevtović‐Todorović, V. (2019) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-019-01755-x · Cited by 43
Regulation of Social Recognition Memory in the Hippocampal Circuits
Wang, X., & Zhan, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2022.839931 · Cited by 48
Wei, H., Ma, Y., Liu, J., Ding, C., Hu, F., & Li, Y. (2015) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.11.003 · Cited by 47
“Inbred strains of mice differ in their levels of sociability and several strains have reduced social interactions (Moy et al., 2004, 2007).”
BackgroundYang, J., Guo, C.-S., Luo, Y., Fan, J., Wang, W., Yin, X., & Xu, J. (2022) · Science of the Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159883 · Cited by 39
Kong, E., Lee, K.-H., Do, J., Kim, P., & Lee, D. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38338-3 · Cited by 48
Veenstra-VanderWeele, J. M., Jessen, T. N., Thompson, B. J., Carter, M. D., Prasad, H. C., Steiner, J. A., Sutcliffe, J. S., & Blakely, R. (2009) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11689-009-9020-0 · Cited by 43
“Will the SERT Ala56 mice show alterations in social behavior [89]? Will they show repetitive behavior, perseverative exploration, or deficits in reversal learning, paralleling the association of SERT Ala56 with rigid-compulsive behavior [90]? Will they show increased sensory sensitivity, paralleling the association wi…”
BackgroundHartmann, J., Wagner, K. V., Dedic, N., Marinescu, D., Scharf, S. H., Wang, X., Deussing, J. M., Hausch, F., Rein, T., Schmidt, U., et al. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.04.017 · Cited by 42
“On day 15 of the stress paradigm, the sociability test was performed as previously described (Moy et al., 2004; Sankoorikal et al., 2006; O’Tuathaigh et al., 2008), with slight modifications.”
MethodPhensy, A. J., Duzdabanian, H. E., Brewer, S. M., Panjabi, A., Driskill, C. M., Berz, A., Peng, G., & Kroener, S. (2017) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00106 · Cited by 45
“The social interaction task is a comprehensive way to assess recognition memory in rodents because it incorporates multiple sensory modalities such as olfactory, tactile, auditory and visual processing, all of which are necessary for social interaction (Moy et al., 2004).”
BackgroundTaylor, S. C., Ferri, S. L., Grewal, M., Smernoff, Z., Bućan, M., Weiner, J. A., Abel, T. G., & Brodkin, E. S. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.02.012 · Cited by 45
“In this review, we will focus on the role of sCAMs in the three-chamber social approach assay (9, 10) as well as the direct social interaction assay.”
Yoshimi, N., Futamura, T., & Hashimoto, K. (2015) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.12.014 · Cited by 42
“This testing therefore represents a cognitive model that reflects innate ability to communicate with others (Moy et al., 2004; van der Kooij and Sandi, 2012).”
FGF2 and FGFR1 signaling regulate functional recovery following cuprizone demyelination
Mierzwa, A. J., Zhou, Y., Hibbits, N., Vana, A. C., & Armstrong, R. C. (2013) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2013.05.010 · Cited by 45
Nikiforuk, A., Hołuj, M., Kos, T., et al. (2016) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.01.035 · Cited by 42
“This procedure provides an easily quantifiable measure of social approach/avoidance behaviour in rodents (Moy et al., 2004).”
Ohashi, R., Takao, K., Miyakawa, T., & Shiina, N. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep20775 · Cited by 45
Smith, C. J. W., Mogavero, J. N., Tulimieri, M. T., & Veenema, A. H. (2017) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.05.005 · Cited by 48
“Michigan State University, 293 chambered social preference test (Crawley, 2004; Moy et al., 2004; Nadler et al., 2004).”
MethodTyebji, S., Seizova, S., Garnham, A. L., Hannan, A. J., & Tonkin, C. J. (2019) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.02.028 · Cited by 41
Yoo, Y.-E., Yoo, T., Lee, S., Lee, J., Kim, D., Han, H.-M., Bae, Y.-C., & Kim, E. (2019) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2019.00155 · Cited by 41
Social selectivity and social motivation in voles
Beery, A. K., Lopez, S. A., Blandino, K. L., Lee, N. S., Bourdon, N. S., & Ahern, T. H. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.72684 · Cited by 53
Waving Through the Window: A Model of Volitional Social Interaction in Female Mice
Ramsey, L. A., Holloman, F. M., Hope, B. T., Shaham, Y., & Vènniro, M. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.10.023 · Cited by 44
Broad activation of the Parkin pathway induces synaptic mitochondrial deficits in early tauopathy
Jeong, Y. Y., Han, S., Jia, N., Zhang, M., Sheshadri, P., Tammineni, P., Cheung, J., Nissenbaum, M., Baskar, S. S., Kwan, K. Y., et al. (2021) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awab243 · Cited by 39
Social influences on morphine-conditioned place preference in adolescent BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J mice
Kennedy, B. C., Panksepp, J. B., Runckel, P. A., & Lahvis, G. P. (2011) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2421-2 · Cited by 42
“tendency to associate with conspecifics) varies across inbred strains of mice (Moy et al. 2004; Nadler et al. 2004; Moy et al. 2007) and has been particularly well characterized for adolescent mice of the BALB/cJ (BALB) and C57BL/6J (B6) strains (Sankoorikal et al.”
DSCAM Deficiency Leads to Premature Spine Maturation and Autism-like Behaviors
Chen, P., Liu, Z., Zhang, Q., Dong, L., Song, L., Liu, J., Jiao, H., Lai, X., Zou, S., Wang, S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1003-21.2021 · Cited by 40
“Three-chamber social preference test was performed as described previously with minor modifications (Moy et al., 2004).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDeconstructing Sociability, An Autism‐Relevant Phenotype, in Mouse Models
Fairless, A. H., Shah, R. Y., Guthrie, A. J., Li, H., & Brodkin, E. S. (2011) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.21318 · Cited by 42
“In developing the Social Choice Test, Moy et al. (2004) presented evidence that chamber scores are generally reliable at a group level: adult C57BL/6J and DBA/2 mice showed largely similar chamber scores between a test and re-test 11–12 days later.”
BackgroundMethodSimonet, J. C., Sunnen, C. N., Wu, J., Golden, J. A., & Marsh, E. D. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu090 · Cited by 37
“A mouse was placed in the cage and the time to dig up the piece of food documented, up to 10 min (Moy et al. 2004; Yang and Crawley 2009).”
MethodMoy, S. S., Ghashghaei, H. T., Nonneman, R. J., Weimer, J. M., Yokota, Y., Lee, D., Lai, C., Threadgill, D. W., & Anton, E. S. (2009) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11689-009-9017-8 · Cited by 42
“Sociability and preference for social novelty Mutant lines were tested in an automated three-chambered box [39, 42, 44].”
MethodSelf-citationSudarov, A., Gooden, F., Tseng, D., Gan, W., & Ross, M. E. (2013) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1002/emmm.201202106 · Cited by 42
Stohn, J. P., Martinez, M. E., Zafer, M., López-Espíndola, D., Keyes, L. M., & Hernández, A. (2017) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12400 · Cited by 41
“Sociability and social novelty Sociability and social novelty were assessed using a three-chambered box similar to that previously described (Moy et al. 2004).”
MethodChen, Y., Liu, S., Xu, H., Zheng, H., Bai, C., Pan, W., Zhou, H., Liao, M., Huang, C., & Dong, Q. (2019) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2019.02.016 · Cited by 41
Yoo, T., Cho, H., Park, H., Lee, J., & Kim, E. (2019) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00458 · Cited by 41
Jones, K. L., Will, M. J., Hecht, P. M., Parker, C. L., & Beversdorf, D. Q. (2012) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.10.028 · Cited by 45
Pobbe, R. L. H., Pearson, B. L., Blanchard, D. C., & Blanchard, R. J. (2012) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.02.024 · Cited by 40
“WT and KO mice from Oxtr and Mecp2 strains were run individually in a three-chambered arena, constructed as previously described [30].”
Paterson, C., & Law, A. J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104172 · Cited by 38
Endo, N., Ujita, W., Fujiwara, M., Miyauchi, H., Mishima, H., Makino, Y., Hashimoto, L., Ōyama, H., Makinodan, M., Nishi, M., et al. (2018) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-018-0213-5 · Cited by 46
Hypothesis‐driven investigations of diverse pharmacological targets in two mouse models of autism
Rhine, M. A., Parrott, J. M., Schultz, M. N., Kazdoba, T. M., & Crawley, J. N. (2019) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2066 · Cited by 42
Self-citationHuang, F., Chen, X., Jiang, X., Niu, J., Cui, C., Chen, Z., & Sun, J. (2019) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12833 · Cited by 43
“The three-chamber test is a wellestablished method for measuring ‘sociability,’ which is defined as a preference for spending time with a conspecific, as compared to spending time with an object.(20,21) As expected, in this study we found that VPA-exposed mice showed significantly reduced sniffing duration and reduced…”
ResultLiu, Y., Deng, S., Li, L.-X., Zhou, Z.-X., Lv, Q., Wang, Z., Wang, F., & Chen, J. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe8828 · Cited by 40
“The preference for social novelty is defined as a notable propensity to spend more time with an unfamiliar mouse than with a familiar mouse ( 2 ).”
Zhong, X.-L., Huang, Y., Du, Y., He, L.-Z., Chen, Y., Cheng, Y., & Liu, H. (2023) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbad172 · Cited by 40
Katano, T., Takao, K., Abe, M., Yamazaki, M., Watanabe, M., Miyakawa, T., Sakimura, K., & Ito, S. (2018) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-018-0407-2 · Cited by 39
Dorninger, F., Gundacker, A., Zeitler, G., Pollak, D. D., & Berger, J. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20163929 · Cited by 41
Hackenberg, T. D., Vanderhooft, L., Huang, J., Wagar, M., Alexander, J. D., & Tan, L. (2021) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.686 · Cited by 38
Toddes, C., Lefevre, E. M., Brandner, D. D., Zugschwert, L., & Rothwell, P. E. (2021) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2440-20.2021 · Cited by 36
Effect of pre- versus post-weaning environmental disturbances on social behaviour in mice
Bouët, V., Lecrux, B., Tran, G., & Fréret, T. (2010) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2010.11.033 · Cited by 39
Critical aspects of neurodevelopment
Chakraborty, R., Kumar, M., & Clement, J. P. (2021) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107415 · Cited by 41
Tobon, A., Shyti, R., Villa, C. E., Cheroni, C., Fuentes-Bravo, P., Trattaro, S., Caporale, N., Troglio, F., Tenderini, E., Mihailovich, M., et al. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adh2726 · Cited by 40
Sociosexual and Communication Deficits after Traumatic Injury to the Developing Murine Brain
Semple, B. D., Noble‐Haeusslein, L. J., Kwon, Y. J., Sam, P. N., Gibson, A. M., Grissom, S., Brown, S., Adahman, Z., Hollingsworth, C. A., Kwakye, A., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103386 · Cited by 40
“While we cannot exclude the possibility that general memory impairment may underlie this observation [62], the finding is suggestive of a deficit in social recognition and/ or social memory in this context [49,63,90].”
ResultAnimal models for autism in 2017 and the consequential implications to drug discovery
Chadman, K. K. (2017) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2017.1383982 · Cited by 39
“In general, most inbred mouse strains spend more time with the novel mouse [4,5].”
BackgroundTopper, V. Y., Reilly, M. P., Wagner, L. M., Thompson, L. M., Gillette, R., Crews, D. P., & Gore, A. C. (2018) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2018.09.010 · Cited by 39
“5H cm total size), with restraint cages containing the stimulus animals (opposite sex gonadectomized rats, one given hormone treatment, the other untreated) placed in opposite corners of the side chambers (Crews et al., 2012; Moy et al., 2004).”
Mice Lacking Glypican 4 Display Juvenile Hyperactivity and Adult Social Interaction Deficits
Dowling, C. C., & Allen, N. J. (2018) · Brain Plasticity · doi:10.3233/bpl-180079 · Cited by 39
“All tests were conducted in the morning of the testing day in the following order, a similar test order to that described in [20].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDuchon, A., Pothion, S., Brault, V., Sharp, A. J., Tybulewicz, V. L. J., Fisher, E., & Hérault, Y. (2010) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.10.023 · Cited by 45
Wahłsten, D. (2012) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21043 · Cited by 38
Reviving-like prosocial behavior in response to unconscious or dead conspecifics in rodents
Sun, W., Zhang, G., Huang, J., Tao, C., Seo, M. B., Tao, H. W., & Zhang, L. I. (2025) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adq2677 · Cited by 40
Metadata
- Authors
- Moy, S. S., Nadler, J. J., Perez, A., Barbaro, R. P., Johns, J. M., Magnuson, T. R., Piven, J., & Crawley, J. N.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Moy, S. S.
- Venue
- Genes, Brain and Behavior
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-04-29
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 287-302
- ISSN
- 1601-183X (ISSN-L)
- 1601-1848
- OpenAlex
- W2109091674
- Cited by
- 1,522
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 93 · 2025: 99 · 2024: 99 · 2023: 98 · 2022: 121 · 2021: 110 · 2020: 109 · 2019: 114 · 2018: 98 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 83 · 2015: 72 · 2014: 65 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 57
- FWCI
- 6.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Genes Brain & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- North Carolina State University
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- National Institutes of Health (5u54mh066418-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (U54 MH 66418, MH66418)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30HD003110)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- sociability, autism spectrum disorder, mouse models of autism, inbred mouse strains, social interaction deficits, social avoidance, C57BL/6J mice, DBA/2J, A/J, sex differences, age differences
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Autistic Disorder, Disease Models, Animal, Exploratory Behavior, Female, Locomotion, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Inbred DBA, Mice, Inbred Strains, Sex Factors, Social Behavior, Species Specificity, Reproducibility of Results, Rotarod Performance Test, Mice
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