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Dopamine and Oxytocin Interactions Underlying Behaviors: Potential Contributions to Behavioral Disorders
Open accessAbstract
Dopamine is an important neuromodulator that exerts widespread effects on the central nervous system (CNS) function. Disruption in dopaminergic neurotransmission can have profound effects on mood and behavior and as such is known to be implicated in various neuropsychiatric behavioral disorders including autism and depression. The subsequent effects on other neurocircuitries due to dysregulated dopamine function have yet to be fully explored. Due to the marked social deficits observed in psychiatric patients, the neuropeptide, oxytocin is emerging as one particular neural substrate that may be influenced by the altered dopamine levels subserving neuropathologic‐related behavioral diseases. Oxytocin has a substantial role in social attachment, affiliation and sexual behavior. More recently, it has emerged that disturbances in peripheral and central oxytocin levels have been detected in some patients with dopamine‐dependent disorders. Thus, oxytocin is proposed to be a key neural substrate that interacts with central dopamine systems. In addition to psychosocial improvement, oxytocin has recently been implicated in mediating mesolimbic dopamine pathways during drug addiction and withdrawal. This bi‐directional role of dopamine has also been implicated during some components of sexual behavior. This review will discuss evidence for the existence dopamine/oxytocin positive interaction in social behavioral paradigms and associated disorders such as sexual dysfunction, autism, addiction, anorexia/bulimia, and depression. Preliminary findings suggest that whilst further rigorous testing has to be conducted to establish a dopamine/oxytocin link in human disorders, animal models seem to indicate the existence of broad and integrated brain circuits where dopamine and oxytocin interactions at least in part mediate socio‐affiliative behaviors. A profound disruption to these pathways is likely to underpin associated behavioral disorders. Central oxytocin pathways may serve as a potential therapeutic target to improve mood and socio‐affiliative behaviors in patients with profound social deficits and/or drug addiction.
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“Anatomically, there is a close relationship between OXT and DA pathways in the brain (Baskerville and Douglas, 2010).”
From Convergence of oxytocin and dopamine signalling in neuronal circuits: Insights into the neurobiology of social interactions across species (2024) · cites this paper as Baskerville and Douglas, 2010
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“Oxytocin may also interact with dopamine to modulate socio-affiliative behaviors and central oxytocin pathways may serve as therapeutic targets to improve mood and social behaviors [168].”
From Consensus Paper: Pathological Role of the Cerebellum in Autism (2012) · cites this paper as [168]
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InfluentialThe role of oxytocin in male and female reproductive behavior
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Oxytocin Acts in Nucleus Accumbens to Attenuate Methamphetamine Seeking and Demand
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Oxytocin reduces ethanol self-administration in mice
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“For instance, the peptide neurotransmitter oxytocin is released in response to appetitive social stimuli (Baskerville and Douglas 2010; Insel 1992) and causes a decrease in anxiety (Bowen et al. 2011; McGregor et al. 2008; Windle et al. 1997) and an increase in trust in humans (Kosfeld et al. 2005).”
BackgroundEarly adverse experience and substance addiction: Dopamine, oxytocin, and glucocorticoid pathways
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Potential of Oxytocin in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
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“Furthermore, OT is thought to act as a neuromodulator on dopaminergic neurotransmission in limbic-basal forebrain structures to regulate adaptive processes (Qi et al. 2008b; Baskerville & Douglas 2010; Sarnyai 2011).”
BackgroundOxytocin: a therapeutic target for mental disorders
Matsuzaki, M., Matsushita, H., Tomizawa, K., & Matsui, H. (2012) · The Journal of Physiological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12576-012-0232-9 · Cited by 79
“The OT receptor (OTR), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, is expressed widely in the central nervous system (CNS), especially in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, the central nucleus of the amygdala, the head of the caudate-putamen and the hippocampus [2, 5].”
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“Different forebrain regions, such as PFC, dHIP and vHIP, regulate mood and anxiety [95, 109, 110]; dopaminergic, noradrenergic and/or serotonergic dysregulations have been implicated in emotional disorders, such as anxiety and/or depression [109, 111, 112].”
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“For example, OXT modulates social learning, such as establishing social preference and bonding, and acts specifically as a social reinforcement signal within the NAcc [6, 7].”
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“However, it is important to note that D2-like receptors include D2, D3, and D4 receptors and that D1-like refers to D1 and D5 receptors (49).”
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“Medium expression of OT receptors is found in the basolateral amygdala, hippocampus and ventral tegmental area (VTA).”
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“The neurotransmitters dopamine and oxytocin, implicated in behavior disorders such as sexual addiction, are both involved in sociosexual behaviors as well as erotic presentation (Baskerville & Douglas, 2010).”
BackgroundOxytocin and Serotonin Brain Mechanisms in the Nonhuman Primate
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High-fat diet exacerbates cognitive rigidity and social deficiency in the BTBR mouse model of autism
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“Following behavioral testing, we measured hypothalamic mRNA expression levels of several genes involved in dopamine and oxytocin signaling, as these factors have been implicated both in obesity and feeding behavior (Meguid et al., 2000; Kelley et al., 2005; Baskerville and Douglas, 2010; Mason et al., 2013) as well as…”
InfluentialThe role of oxytocin in alcohol and drug abuse
King, C. E., Gano, A., & Becker, H. C. (2020) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146761 · Cited by 69
May oxytocin be a trait marker for bipolar disorder?
Turan, T., Uysal, C., Asdemir, A., & Kılıç, E. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.07.017 · Cited by 66
“Oxytocin is released to the hippocampus, amygdala, ventral tegmental area, and the spinal cord via axonal projections of magnocellular neurons within the PVN and SON and contributes to the regulation of several physiological and behavioral functions including reproductive and sexual behaviors, anxiety and social behav…”
Han, W.-Y., Du, P., Fu, S.-Y., Wang, F., Song, M.-H., Wu, C.-F., & Yang, J.-Y. (2014) · Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2013.11.014 · Cited by 61
Li, Y., Song, Z., Ding, Y., Ye, X., Wu, T., Su, T., He, R., Tai, F., & Lian, Z. (2015) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.102 · Cited by 66
Subba, R., Sandhir, R., Singh, S. P., Mallick, B. N., & Mondal, A. C. (2021) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.15136 · Cited by 69
“2.3.2 | Dopamine Dopamine influences behavior encompassing the systems that drive motivation, reward, cognition, sleep, emotion, among many others (Baskerville & Douglas, 2010).”
BackgroundInfluentialHorta, M., Kaylor, K., Feifel, D., & Ebner, N. C. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.012 · Cited by 63
“performance apparent in sexual desire/arousal disorders (Baskerville and Douglas, 2010).”
MacDonald, K. S., Berlow, R., & Thomas, M. L. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.07.040 · Cited by 65
DNA Methylation and Schizophrenia: Current Literature and Future Perspective
Magwai, T., Shangase, K. B., Oginga, F. O., Chiliza, B., Mpofana, T., & Xulu, K. R. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10112890 · Cited by 68
Altered anxiety-related and abnormal social behaviors in rats exposed to early life seizures
Castelhano, A. S. S., Cassane, G. D. S. T., Scorza, F. A., & Cysneiros, R. M. (2013) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00036 · Cited by 58
“It is well-established that the dopamine found in the PFC originates from the ventral tegmental area, a structure involved in neural network of social behaviors (Goodson and Kabelik, 2009) is also involved in and emotional responses (Baskerville and Douglas, 2010). In this sense, dopamine reduction in PFC could lead t…”
InfluentialCurrent findings on the role of oxytocin in the regulation of food intake
Spetter, M. S., & Hallschmid, M. (2017) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.007 · Cited by 61
Zanos, P., Wright, S. R., Georgiou, P., Yoo, J. H., Ledent, C. A., Hourani, S. M. O., Kitchen, I., Winsky‐Sommerer, R., & Bailey, A. (2013) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2013.05.009 · Cited by 57
Design and synthesis of fluorescent reagents for selective detection of dopamine
Suzuki, Y. (2016) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2016.08.019 · Cited by 56
Neuroendocrine Aspects of Tourette Syndrome
Martino, D., Macerollo, A., & Leckman, J. F. (2013) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-411546-0.00009-3 · Cited by 59
Genetic mechanisms of parenting
Mileva‐Seitz, V. R., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2015) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.003 · Cited by 58
Bartholomeusz, C. F., Ganella, E. P., Labuschagne, I., Bousman, C., & Pantelis, C. (2015) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.06.007 · Cited by 54
“…administration reduces dopaminergic hyperactivity in the striatum and nucleus accumbens (Qi et al., 2008), as well as alleviating pre-pulse inhibition deficits (Caldwell et al., 2009), in a similarmanner to antipsychotic medications (for reviews see Baskerville and Douglas, 2010; Pedersen, 2014).”
Chang, W. H., Lee, I. H., Chen, K. C., Chi, M. H., Chiu, N.-T., Yao, W. J., Lu, R., Yang, Y. K., & Chen, P. S. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.05.020 · Cited by 54
Drug addiction: An affective-cognitive disorder in need of a cure
Fattore, L., & Diana, M. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.04.006 · Cited by 58
What is orgasm? A model of sexual trance and climax via rhythmic entrainment
Safron, A. (2016) · Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology · doi:10.3402/snp.v6.31763 · Cited by 60
“Climax is also associated with elevated oxytocin and vasopressin, both of which have been associated with analgesic-type effects (Baskerville & Douglas, 2010; González-Hernández, Rojas-Piloni, & Condés-Lara, 2014; Mogil et al., 2011), as well as enhanced social learning (Freeman & Young, 2016).”
BackgroundSanna, F., Argiolas, A., & Melis, M. R. (2012) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.08.010 · Cited by 53
Association between the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene and mesolimbic responses to rewards
Damiano, C. R., Aloi, J. M., Dunlap, K., Burrus, C. J., Mosner, M. G., Kozink, R. V., McLaurin, R. E., Mullette-Gillman, O. A., Carter, R., Huettel, S. A., et al. (2014) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/2040-2392-5-7 · Cited by 56
“The association between rs2268493 and mesolimbic response during reward anticipation is consistent with preclinical evidence that the OXT and mesolimbic dopamine systems act reciprocally and become linked through early social experiences [40,42,43,83-85] and that OXT modulation may directly result in increased firing…”
ResultOxytocin and Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review on Emerging Findings and Perspectives
Giel, K. E., Zipfel, S., & Hallschmid, M. (2018) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x15666171128143158 · Cited by 58
“These findings might be of particular relevance for behavioral disorders like autism and depression, but also for eating disorders [20].”
BackgroundOxytocin attenuates stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking behavior in male and female mice
King, C. E., & Becker, H. C. (2019) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-019-05233-z · Cited by 53
Kompier, N. F., Keysers, C., Gazzola, V., Lucassen, P. J., & Krugers, H. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00143 · Cited by 53
Robinson, K. J., Hazon, N., Lonergan, M., & Pomeroy, P. P. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.01.019 · Cited by 52
Understanding the Biological Relationship between Migraine and Depression
Viudez‐Martínez, A., Torregrosa, A. B., Navarrete, F., & García‐Gutiérrez, M. S. (2024) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom14020163 · Cited by 57
“One promising finding is that oxytocin may be used as an adjunct drug to antidepressant treatment or to treat specific aspects of depressive disorders [355].”
BackgroundUvnäs‐Moberg, K., Groß, M. M., Calleja‐Agius, J., & Turner, J. D. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1272270 · Cited by 61
Rappeneau, V., & Castillo Díaz, F. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105675 · Cited by 51
“Anatomically, there is a close relationship between OXT and DA pathways in the brain (Baskerville and Douglas, 2010).”
BackgroundLopes Sakamoto, F., Metzker Pereira Ribeiro, R., Amador Bueno, A., & Oliveira Santos, H. (2019) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104395 · Cited by 49
Lotter, L. D., Kohl, S. H., Gerloff, C., Bell, L., Niephaus, A., Kruppa, J. A., Dukart, J., Schulte‐Rüther, M., Reindl, V., & Konrad, K. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105042 · Cited by 52
How does oxytocin modulate human behavior?
Yao, S., & Kendrick, K. M. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-02898-1 · Cited by 61
“…this broad domain, OT, primarily informed by animal models, may mainly be acting to modulate dopamine, serotonin and opioid signaling [40, 42, 47, 48, 127, 128, 152] in fronto-striatal and amygdalo-striatal systems [102, 150, 151] as well as synaptic plasticity and neural excitability changes…”
Margari, L., Palumbi, R., Peschechera, A., Craig, F., de Giambattista, C., Ventura, P., & Margari, F. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00159 · Cited by 56
Bambico, F. R., Lacoste, B., Hattan, P. R., & Gobbi, G. (2013) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bht310 · Cited by 48
Oxytocin differentially affects sucrose taking and seeking in male and female rats
Zhou, L., Ghee, S. M., See, R. E., & Reichel, C. M. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.01.050 · Cited by 45
The neurocircuitry involved in oxytocin modulation of methamphetamine addiction
Baracz, S. J., & Cornish, J. L. (2016) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.08.001 · Cited by 46
“…system and ventral tegmental area extend to oxytocin nuclei in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and amygdala (Baskerville et al., 2009) and oxytocinergic fibres innervate mesocorticolimbic DA cell bodies in the ventral tegmental area that then terminate in the NAc (Baskerville and Douglas, 2010).”
BackgroundInfluentialBladder, Bowel, and Sexual Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease
Sakakibara, R., Kishi, M., Ogawa, E., Tateno, F., Uchiyama, T., Yamamoto, T., & Yamanishi, T. (2011) · Parkinson's Disease · doi:10.4061/2011/924605 · Cited by 118
“Role of dopamine in female sexual function remains not completely clear [241].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Baskerville, T. A., & Douglas, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Baskerville, Tracey A.
- Venue
- CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-05-06
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e92-123
- ISSN
- 1755-5930 (ISSN-L)
- 1755-5949
- PMC
- PMC6493805
- OpenAlex
- W1556392272
- Cited by
- 377
- References
- 301
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 2.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- Wellcome Trust
- Medical Research Council
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- dopamine, oxytocin, social behavior, autism spectrum disorder, depression, drug addiction, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, sexual dysfunction, mesolimbic dopamine system, social attachment
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Behavior, Animal, Behavioral Symptoms, Central Nervous System, Dopamine, Female, Humans, Male, Neurochemistry, Oxytocin, Pair Bond, Receptors, Dopamine, Sexual Behavior, Social Behavior
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