Exercise induces expression of leukaemia inhibitory factor in human skeletal muscle
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The leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) belongs to the interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine superfamily and is constitutively expressed in skeletal muscle. We tested the hypothesis that LIF expression in human skeletal muscle is regulated by exercise. Fifteen healthy young male volunteers performed either 3 h of cycle ergometer exercise at approximately 60% of VO2,max(n = 8) or rested (n = 7). Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis prior to exercise, immediately after exercise, and at 1.5, 3, 6 and 24 h post exercise. Control subjects had biopsy samples taken at the same time points as during the exercise trial. Skeletal muscle LIF mRNA increased immediately after the exercise and declined gradually during recovery. However, LIF protein was unchanged at the investigated time points. Moreover, we tested the hypothesis that LIF mRNA and protein expressions are modulated by calcium (Ca(2+)) in primary human skeletal myocytes. Treatment of myocytes with the Ca(2+) ionophore, ionomycin, for 6 h resulted in an increase in both LIF mRNA and LIF protein levels. This finding suggests that Ca(2+) may be involved in the regulation of LIF in endurance-exercised skeletal muscle. In conclusion, primary human skeletal myocytes have the capability to produce LIF in response to ionomycin stimulation and LIF mRNA levels increase in skeletal muscle following concentric exercise. The finding that the increase in LIF mRNA levels is not followed by a similar increase in skeletal muscle LIF protein suggests that other exercise stimuli or repetitive stimuli are necessary in order to induce a detectable accumulation of LIF protein.
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LIF is secreted from human cultured myotubes when electrically stimulated and stimulates satellite cell proliferation.
“LIF protein has been shown to be secreted from human cultured myotubes; when electrically stimulated (50) LIF stimulates satellite cell proliferation (51).”
From Muscle–Organ Crosstalk: The Emerging Roles of Myokines (2020) · cites this paper as [50]
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- Authors
- Broholm, C., Mortensen, O. H., Nielsen, S., Akerstrom, T., Zankari, A., Dahl, B., & Pedersen, B. K.
- Affiliations
- Rigshospitalet (DK)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Venue
- The Journal of Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-04-14
- Volume
- 586
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2195-2201
- ISSN
- 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7793
- PMC
- PMC2465206
- OpenAlex
- W1940563701
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 4.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- leukemia inhibitory factor, skeletal muscle, physical activity, endurance exercise, calcium signaling, ionomycin, skeletal myocytes, vastus lateralis, muscle biopsy, post-exercise recovery
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cells, Cultured, Physical Exertion, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Male, Muscle Contraction, Physical Endurance, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor
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