Time Course Analysis Reveals Gene-Specific Transcript and Protein Kinetics of Adaptation to Short-Term Aerobic Exercise Training in Human Skeletal Muscle
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Repeated bouts of episodic myofibrillar contraction associated with exercise training are potent stimuli for physiological adaptation. However, the time course of adaptation and the continuity between alterations in mRNA expression and protein content are not well described in human skeletal muscle. Eight healthy, sedentary males cycled for 60 min at 80% of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) each day for fourteen consecutive days, resulting in an increase in VO2peak of 17.5±3.8%. Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken at baseline, and on the morning following (+16 h after exercise) the first, third, seventh, tenth and fourteenth training sessions. Markers of mitochondrial adaptation (Cyt c and COXIV expression, and citrate synthase activity) were increased within the first week of training, but the mtDNA/nDNA ratio was unchanged by two weeks of training. Accumulation of PGC-1α and ERRα protein during training suggests a regulatory role for these factors in adaptations of mitochondrial and metabolic gene expression. A subset of genes were transiently increased after one training session, but returned to baseline levels thereafter, which is supportive of the concept of transcriptional capacity being particularly sensitive to the onset of a new level of contractile activity. Thus, gene-specific temporal patterns of induction of mRNA expression and protein content are described. Our results illustrate the phenomenology of skeletal muscle plasticity and support the notion that transcript level adjustments, coupled to accumulation of encoded protein, underlie the modulation of skeletal muscle metabolism and phenotype by regular exercise.
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If exercise stimulus is repeated over time, chronic structural and functional changes occur.
“If said exercise stimulus is repeated over time, chronic structural and functional changes occur [2,200].”
From Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise (2021) · cites this paper as [200]
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- Authors
- Egan, B., O’Connor, P. L., Zierath, J. R., & O’Gorman, D. J.
- Affiliations
- University College Dublin (IE)
- Dublin City University (IE)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Corresponding author
- O’Gorman, Donal J.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2013-09-12
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e74098
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3771935
- OpenAlex
- W2020255277
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 26.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology
- Dublin City University
- European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes
- Irish Research Council
- Karolinska Institutet
- Novo Nordisk
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- aerobic exercise training, skeletal muscle adaptation, temporal gene expression, mRNA expression, protein content, mitochondrial biogenesis, PGC-1α, estrogen-related receptor alpha, citrate synthase, cytochrome c, cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV, mtDNA/nDNA ratio, skeletal muscle plasticity, human skeletal muscle
- MeSH terms
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha, Adaptation, Physiological, Adult, Carrier Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Kinetics, Male, Mitochondria, Oxygen Consumption, Time Factors, Transcription Factors, Transcription, Genetic, Biomarkers, Exercise, RNA-Binding Proteins, Muscle, Skeletal, Proteome, Young Adult, Transcriptome
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