Decoding motor imagery from the posterior parietal cortex of a tetraplegic human
Open accessAbstract
Brain imagination to control external devices: Studies in monkeys have implicated the brain's posterior parietal cortex in high-level coding of planned and imagined actions. Aflalo et al. implanted two microelectrode arrays in the posterior parietal cortex of a tetraplegic patient (see the Perspective by Pruszynski and Diedrichsen). They asked the patient to imagine various types of limb or eye movements. As predicted, motor imagery involved the same types of neural population activity involved in actual movements, which could potentially be exploited in prosthetic limb control. Science , this issue p. 906 ; see also p. 860
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Earlier intracortical studies found that after paralysis, motor cortex still encodes intended reaching, grasping, and cursor movements.
“Prior BCI studies have shown that the motor intention for gross motor skills, such as reaching, grasping or moving a computer cursor, remains neurally encoded in motor cortex after paralysis1–7.”
From High-performance brain-to-text communication via handwriting (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
The passage comparing this study with previous human M1 recordings (indexed section labeled Abstract; page unavailable) reports that those studies decoded movement trajectories, supporting the motor-cortex portion in part. This paper’s own recordings of imagined reaching, grasping, and cursor control were from the posterior parietal cortex of a tetraplegic participant, not motor cortex. It does not establish that the earlier motor-cortex studies demonstrated all three movements named in the claim. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredUEAs have been successfully implanted in human subjects in numerous studies and these devices have continued to work for many years.
“Although the duration of this study was limited to 6 months, UEAs have been successfully implanted in human subjects in numerous studies (25-29) and these devices have continued to work for many years.”
From Visual percepts evoked with an intracortical 96-channel microelectrode array inserted in human occipital cortex (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
The Abstract (page unavailable) reports successful implantation of two microelectrode arrays in one human subject, with recordings for more than 21 months and no device-related adverse events. This supports the paper as one example of human implantation, but it does not establish that the devices continued to work for many years. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Aflalo, T., Kellis, S., Klaes, C., Lee, B., Shi, Y., Pejsa, K., Shanfield, K., Hayes-Jackson, S., Aisen, M., Heck, C., Liu, C., & Andersen, R. A.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Aflalo, Tyson
- Kellis, Spencer
- Andersen, Richard A.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2015-05-22
- Volume
- 348
- Issue
- 6237
- Pages
- 906-910
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC4896830
- OpenAlex
- W1804209253
- Cited by
- 649
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 85 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 70 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 44.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (EY013337, EY015545, P50 MH942581A)
- University of Southern California
- Boswell Foundation
- Defense Department (N66001-10-4056)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Keywords
- motor imagery decoding, posterior parietal cortex, tetraplegia, brain-computer interface, neural population activity, microelectrode arrays, action planning, neuroprosthetics, paralyzed patients
- MeSH terms
- Cognition, Electrodes, Implanted, Humans, Microelectrodes, Motor Activity, Movement, Neurons, Parietal Lobe, Quadriplegia, Neural Prostheses, Functional Neuroimaging, Brain-Computer Interfaces
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