Structure and function of the immune system in the spleen
Open accessAbstract
The spleen is a multitasking secondary lymphoid organ with specialized cells for initiating immunity to blood-borne targets.
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Human spleens have a different distribution of T cells within germinal centres compared to mice, with humans lacking a clear bridging outer layer.
“Human spleens have a different distribution of T cells within germinal centres compared to mice, with humans lacking a clear bridging outer layer.”
From The liver as a central "hub" of the immune system: pathophysiological implications (2025) · cites this paper as [45]
The “Pulp fiction” subsection (page unavailable) describes a difference in the organization of human and mouse T-cell and B-cell zones. It does not establish a different distribution of T cells within germinal centres or say that humans lack a clear bridging outer layer. The “Bridging Channel” subsection describes a T-cell-containing channel but does not make the claimed human–mouse comparison. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe spleen is a peripheral immune organ where adaptive immunity is initiated.
“The spleen is a peripheral immune organ where adaptive immunity is initiated [62].”
From Chronic stress-induced depression requires the recruitment of peripheral Th17 cells into the brain (2022) · cites this paper as [62]
The organization of T and B cell zones in the spleen differs significantly between mice and humans, potentially impacting immune responses.
“The organization of T and B cell zones in the spleen differs significantly between the two species, potentially impacting immune responses(45, 46).”
From The liver as a central "hub" of the immune system: pathophysiological implications (2025) · cites this paper as [45]
LPS levels in circulation correlate strongly with severity of ALD in both patients and animal models.
“LPS levels in circulation correlate strongly with severity of ALD in both patients and animal models (45), while mice treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail are resistant to alcohol-induced liver injury (46).”
From The liver as a central "hub" of the immune system: pathophysiological implications (2025) · cites this paper as [45]
The section “The spleen in bacterial infection” discusses splenic responses to Listeria, not alcohol-related liver disease. Searches for circulating LPS, ALD severity, and patient or animal-model correlations found no passage addressing the attributed claim; page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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- Authors
- Lewis, S. M., Williams, A., & Eisenbarth, S. C.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Eisenbarth, Stephanie C.
- Venue
- Science Immunology
- Published
- 2019-03-22
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 33
- ISSN
- 2470-9468 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6495537
- OpenAlex
- W2918621261
- Cited by
- 1,301
- References
- 125
- Citations by year
- 2026: 216 · 2025: 266 · 2024: 250 · 2023: 200 · 2022: 164 · 2021: 120 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 17
- FWCI
- 7.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- The Mouseion at the JAXlibrary (Jackson Laboratory) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001863)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R21AI135221, R01AI108829)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- spleen, secondary lymphoid organs, adaptive immunity, antigen-presenting cells, T cell response, B cell response, hematopoiesis, red blood cell clearance
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Lymphocytes, Spleen, Adaptive Immunity
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