3D Immunocompetent Organ‐on‐a‐Chip Models
Open accessAbstract
In recent years, engineering of various human tissues in microphysiologically relevant platforms, known as organs‐on‐chips (OOCs), are explored to establish in vitro tissue models that recapitulate the microenvironments found in native organs and tissues. However, most of these models have overlooked the important roles of immune cells in maintaining tissue homeostasis under physiological conditions and in modulating the tissue microenvironments during pathophysiology. Significantly, gradual progress is being made in the development of more sophisticated microphysiologically relevant human‐based OOC models that allow the studies of the key biophysiological aspects of specific tissues or organs, interactions between cells (parenchymal, vascular, and immune cells) and their extracellular matrix molecules, effects of native tissue architectures (geometry, dynamic flow, or mechanical forces) on tissue functions, as well as unravelling the mechanism underlying tissue‐specific diseases and drug testing. In this progress report, the different components of the immune system, as well as immune OOC platforms and immunocompetent OOC approaches that have simulated one or more components of the immune system, are discussed. The challenges to recreate a fully functional tissue system in vitro with a focus on the incorporation of the immune system are also outlined.
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Most disease models rely on the integration of only a few pre-defined immune cell types, which does not emulate the complexity of in vivo immunoregulation.
“most models rely on the integration of only a few, pre-defined immune cell types, which, however, does not emulate the complexity of in vivo immunoregulation”
From Human disease models in drug development (2023) · cites this paper as [155]
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- Authors
- Maharjan, S., Cecen, B., & Zhang, Y. S.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Yu Shrike
- Venue
- Small Methods
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-06-17
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 9
- ISSN
- 2366-9608 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7567338
- OpenAlex
- W3036065459
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 175
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 3.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Small Methods (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (K99CA201603, R00CA201603, R21EB025270, R21EB026175, R01EB028143, R03EB027984)
- Brigham Research Institute
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications
- Keywords
- organ-on-a-chip, immune cells, tissue microenvironment, tissue homeostasis, extracellular matrix, tissue structure, mechanical forces, drug testing, in vitro tissue engineering, immune cell interactions
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