Human Telomerase and Its Regulation
Open accessAbstract
SUMMARY: The telomere is a special functional complex at the end of linear eukaryotic chromosomes, consisting of tandem repeat DNA sequences and associated proteins. It is essential for maintaining the integrity and stability of linear eukaryotic genomes. Telomere length regulation and maintenance contribute to normal human cellular aging and human diseases. The synthesis of telomeres is mainly achieved by the cellular reverse transcriptase telomerase, an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that adds telomeric DNA to telomeres. Expression of telomerase is usually required for cell immortalization and long-term tumor growth. In humans, telomerase activity is tightly regulated during development and oncogenesis. The modulation of telomerase activity may therefore have important implications in antiaging and anticancer therapy. This review describes the currently known components of the telomerase complex and attempts to provide an update on the molecular mechanisms of human telomerase regulation.
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Studying telomerase activity indirectly can be achieved by assessing hTERT expression, as its acquisition appears essential for telomerase activity in most human tumors.
“Studying TA indirectly can be achieved by assessing hTERT expression, as its acquisition appears essential for TA in most human tumors [205].”
From Current and Future Trends of Colorectal Cancer Treatment: Exploring Advances in Immunotherapy (2024) · cites this paper as [205]
Fibroblasts, unlike T cells, do not exhibit telomerase activity.
“However fibroblasts, unlike T cells, do not exhibit telomerase activity [59].”
From Senescence of T Lymphocytes: Implications for Enhancing Human Immunity (2016) · cites this paper as [59]
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Roles of telomeres and telomerase in cancer, and advances in telomerase-targeted therapies
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- Authors
- Cong, Y.-S., Wright, W. E., & Shay, J. W.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2002-09
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 407-425
- ISSN
- 1092-2172 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5557
- PMC
- PMC120798
- OpenAlex
- W2110419228
- Cited by
- 898
- References
- 279
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 3.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Keywords
- telomerase, telomeres, telomere length regulation, telomerase regulation, cellular aging, cell immortalization, carcinogenesis, anti-aging therapy, cancer therapy, reverse transcriptase, genome stability
- MeSH terms
- DNA-Binding Proteins, Humans, Neoplasms, Oncogene Proteins, Viral, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Reference Values, Repressor Proteins, Steroids, Transcription, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Sp1 Transcription Factor, Telomere, Telomerase
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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