Abnormal response to negative feedback in unipolar depression: evidence for a diagnosis-specific impairment.
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess in further detail the specific form of motivational impairment influencing neuropsychological performance in depression-oversensitivity to perceived failure. The present study considers two questions: firstly whether this is specific to depression and secondly how the effect relates to clinical features. METHODS: Unipolar depressed patients and matched controls were assessed on two neuropsychological tests giving explicit performance feedback. The data were analysed in two separate studies to consider the questions above. The first study considered the specificity of the effect to depressed patients, using data on the same tests collected from other patient groups. The second study was a longitudinal assessment of the depressed patients on clinical recovery to determine whether the effect is specific to the depressed state. RESULTS: The effect was not seen in non-depressed patient groups, either neurological or psychiatric groups. The longitudinal study showed a residual abnormal response to negative feedback on clinical recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal response to negative feedback is specific to a primary diagnosis of depression and may be a trait rather than a state factor of the disorder. These results are discussed in relation to the putative neuropathology of depression and also to cognitive and behavioural accounts of the disorder. The findings presented here have important implications for establishing a link between mood and cognition in unipolar depression.
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The same group has also reported catastrophic breakdown in OTT performance in depressed subjects after negative feedback.
“Finally, the same group has also reported catastrophic breakdown in OTT performance in depressed subjects after negative feedback [52].”
From Bonsai trees in your head: how the pavlovian system sculpts goal-directed choices by pruning decision trees (2012) · cites this paper as [52]
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Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
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- Authors
- Elliott, R., Sahakian, B. J., Herrod, J. J., Robbins, T. W., & Paykel, E. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Sahakian, B J
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1997-07-01
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 74-82
- ISSN
- 0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2169625
- OpenAlex
- W2154118084
- Cited by
- 285
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 2.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, negative feedback, feedback sensitivity, perceived failure, motivational impairment, neuropsychological performance, trait versus state, clinical recovery
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Mental Disorders, Cognition, Depressive Disorder, Diagnosis, Differential, Feedback, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Nervous System Diseases, Neuropsychological Tests, Problem Solving, Reinforcement, Psychology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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