The Work of Boundaries: Critical Cartographies and the Archaeological Record of the Relatively Recent Past

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.

Representations of polities, peoples, or territories may or may not be bounded, contiguous, or material.

“Representations of polities, peoples, or territories may or may not be bounded, contiguous, or material.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.

Mapping is a political act.

“As such, mapping is a political act (Harris & Hazen 2005).”

• cites Harris & Hazen 2005Not matched

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It may state two separate claims as one.

Big data is not without its blind spots, highlighting that methodological choices have political implications.

“Yet, as VanValkenburgh & Dufton (2020) have pointed out, such big data is not without its blind spots, again highlighting that our methodological choices have political implications.”

• cites VanValkenburgh & Dufton 2020 sourceNot checked yet

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Discussions of boundaries have enjoyed a renaissance in anthropological archaeology of recent years.

“Discussions of boundaries have enjoyed a renaissance in anthropological archaeology of recent years”

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  “Discussions of boundaries have enjoyed a renaissance in anthropological archaeology”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Border assemblages presume their opposite: crossing assemblages.

“Border assemblages presume their opposite: crossing assemblages.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Since 1995, numerous methodological and conceptual changes in the field have led to a large proliferation in the literature.

“Since 1995, when the Annual Review of Anthropology last addressed a similar issue, numerous methodological and conceptual changes in the field have led to a large proliferation in the literature.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Transnational theory emerged from scholarly attempts to document how people on the move build solidarities that link their country of origin and their country of settlement.

“Transnational theory emerged from scholarly attempts to document how people on the move build solidarities that link their country of origin and their country of settlement.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

The relationship between past and present crossings is especially fraught when questioning the salience of the territories that archaeologists map.

“The relationship between past and present crossings is especially fraught when questioning the salience of the territories that archaeologists map.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Transnational assemblages are not always about boundaries, and research on boundaries is not always transnational.

“Transnational assemblages are not always about boundaries, and research on boundaries is not always transnational.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Archaeologists have adopted multisited archaeology as an approach to broaden the scope of relationships along historically identifiable routes, and via material traces, and to map transnational assemblages.

“Archaeologists have adopted (from ethnographic practice) multisited archaeology as an approach to”

• cites Ryzewski 2012Not matched

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• cites Ross 2013 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

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Such a toolset brings a critical perspective to the work of boundaries.

“While such approaches are not without some caution (Schneider & Hayes 2020), such a toolset brings a critical perspective to the work of boundaries.”

• cites Schneider & Hayes 2020 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.

Undocumented migration must not begin and end with crossings, but must include postjourney existence within material landscapes where belonging is cultivated through a propinquity through dwelling.

“In describing the dwellings of peoples displaced in the aftermath of the 1947 Partition of India and Pakistan, Riggs & Jatt (2017) make the simple but important observation that undocumented migration must not begin and end with crossings, but must include postjourney existence within material landscapes where belonging is cultivated through”

• cites Riggs & Jatt 2017 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Jatt & Riggs 2021Not matched

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The cases of US and EU border policy remind us that, as forms of power inscribed on the landscape, border assemblages are technologies of social differentiation.

“The cases of US and EU border policy remind us that, as forms of power inscribed on the landscape (as in the case of boundary walls), border assemblages are technologies of social differentiation.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.

Maps define the nature of spaces they represent and naturalize those definitions by presenting themselves as common sense.

“Like most discursive practices, maps define the nature of spaces they represent and naturalize those definitions by presenting themselves as common sense (Monmonier 1996).”

• cites Monmonier 1996 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

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The second trend is the increased attention to boundary work in archaeology.

“The second trend is the increased attention to boundary work in archaeology.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

A consensus is slowly growing around a set of four principles and terms in the analysis of borders.

“Happily, a consensus is slowly growing around a set of four principles and terms in the analysis of borders (Parker 2006, Smith 2003, VanValkenburgh & Osborne 2012).”

• cites Parker 2006 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Smith 2003Not matched

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• cites VanValkenburgh & Osborne 2012 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

It may state two separate claims as one.

A gloss of the archaeological record shows that border walls were never effective in controlling population movement or defending territory.

“Indeed, a gloss of the archaeological record shows that border walls were never effective in controlling population movement or defending territory.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

The Pale was not a single feature but an assemblage of infrastructures that blinked in and out of existence from the twelfth century onward.

“Like other linear features, including Hadrian's Wall and the Great Wall of China, the Pale was not a single feature but an assemblage of infrastructures that blinked in and out of existence from the twelfth century onward (Klingelhofer 2010).”

• cites Klingelhofer 2010 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Whereas the mapping of border assemblages implies a particular relationship between territory and subjects, the analysis of transnational assemblages seeks to counter-map the relationship between territory and subject positions.

“Whereas the mapping of border assemblages implies a particular relationship between territory and subjects, the analysis of transnational assemblages seeks to counter-map the relationship between territory and subject positions.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.

To talk about crossings, one must also consider geographies that extend beyond land's end.

“To talk about crossings, one must also consider geographies that extend beyond land's end.”

Probably not a substantial claim.

The first trend is the increased centrality of materiality as a theoretical register.

“The first trend is the increased centrality of materiality as a theoretical register as new questions relating to object agency, human/nonhuman boundaries, and new models of environmental archaeology have populated the literature.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Most cartographic depictions of past empires use polygons to display the territorial limits of a particular polity's power.

“Most cartographic depictions of past empires use polygons to display the territorial limits of a particular polity's power.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Contemporary crossing assemblages encompass various phenomena associated with the twinned phenomena of massive human displacement and the proliferation of border walls between the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.

“Contemporary crossing assemblages encompass various phenomena associated with the twinned phenomena of massive human displacement and the proliferation of border walls between the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

The current emphasis on territoriality to clarify political space appears to be a relatively recent and Eurocentric narrative, with numerous ethnographic and archaeological examples of people emphasizing mobility.

“The current emphasis on territoriality to clarify political space appears to be a relatively recent and Eurocentric narrative, with numerous ethnographic and archaeological examples of people emphasizing mobility—the set of attitudes, emotions, and positions regarding that movement through the landscape (Bender 2001).”

• cites Bender 2001 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Counter-mapping mobility foregrounds the radical depiction of space and facilitates an integrated approach to mapping crossing assemblages.

“Counter-mapping mobility foregrounds the radical depiction of space and facilitates an integrated approach to mapping crossing assemblages.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.

Such remappings of political space introduce new ways to think about comparisons across time and space.

“Such remappings of political space introduce new ways to think about comparisons across time and space.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

It was an idea that played out in politics, past and present.

“More importantly, it was an idea that played out in politics, past and present (Horning 2006, p. 185).”

• cites Horning 2006 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

A principal assumption of transnational archaeology is that ideologies presuming the nation-state have shaped the production of archaeological knowledge instead of making the presence of the nation-state a topic of archaeological inquiry.

“A principal assumption of transnational archaeology is that ideologies presuming the nationstate have shaped the production of archaeological knowledge instead of making the presence of the nation-state a topic of archaeological inquiry.”

Probably not a substantial claim.

Archaeologists have discussed the work of boundaries by either mapping or counter-mapping territoriality and mobility.

“Archaeologists have discussed the work of boundaries by either mapping or counter-mapping territoriality and mobility.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

The first principle widely held by archaeologists is the necessity of avoiding logical inferences that equate the presence of built border features with the stability of political territory and constraints on mobility and, conversely, that equate the lack of built border features with an absence of territorial claims or rampant mobility.

“The first principle widely held by archaeologists is the necessity of avoiding logical inferences that equate the presence of built border features with the stability of political territory and constraints on mobility and, conversely, that equate the lack of built border features with an absence of territorial claims or rampant mobility.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

The transnational stress on how boundaries and states are unstable and defined by what they exclude puts the two in conversation.

“However, the transnational stress on how boundaries and states are unstable and defined by what they exclude puts the two in conversation (Cobb & DePratter 2012).”

• cites Cobb & DePratter 2012 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

In recent years, archaeologists working in a host of contexts have begun to adopt critical cartography as a toolset to expand our understanding of human experience, especially related to the work of boundaries.

“In recent years, archaeologists working in a host of contexts have begun to adopt critical cartography as a toolset to expand our understanding of human experience, especially related to the work of boundaries.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

A central project of transnational approaches has been a critique of the scale through which diasporic communities are viewed as a counter-map to how the state and the nation define boundaries.

“A central project has been a critique of the scale through which diasporic communities are viewed as a counter-map to how the state and the nation define boundaries.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Walls do not secure a border that separates what was previously a single community but create conditions for differential treatment of borders and their permeability.

“As McGuire notes, walls do not secure a border that separates what was previously a single community but create conditions for differential treatment of borders and their permeability.”

• cites McGuire 2013 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

Not all boundaries are the same nor do all people relate to boundaries in the same way.

“Because agents in various positions vis-à-vis power have a complicated relationship with borders, not all boundaries are the same nor do all people relate to boundaries in the same way (Smith 2015).”

• cites Smith 2015Not matched

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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

We can distinguish between the mobilities that reinforce public discourses surrounding territory and the mobilities that have the potential to subvert relations of power surrounding territory.

“We can distinguish between the mobilities that reinforce public discourses surrounding territory (supply chains, military mobilization, exile, or containment) and the mobilities that have the potential to subvert relations of power surrounding territory (illicit or illegal trade, forced migration, raiding).”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Kersel maps the circuitous paths through which antiquities wind up in museums and private collections to challenge geographies of heritage when national boundaries are no longer taken for granted.

“Kersel (2007) maps the circuitous paths through which antiquities wind up in museums and private collections to challenge geographies of heritage when national boundaries are no longer taken for granted.”

• cites Kersel 2007 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

It may state two separate claims as one.

In the Philippines, the Ifugao did not continue to rely on wet-taro cultivation, which was a form of escape agriculture, but instead shifted to wet-rice cultivation.

“In the Philippines, the Ifugao did not continue to rely on wet-taro cultivation, which was a form of escape agriculture, but instead shifted to wet-rice cultivation.”

• cites Acabado 2018 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

It may state two separate claims as one.

Whereas border assemblages represent the clearest example of archaeologists engaged in mapping both territory and mobility, refuge assemblages are often represented through counter-mapping relationships with territory and movement that were often illegible to the state or its agents.

“Whereas border assemblages represent the clearest example of archaeologists engaged in mapping both territory and mobility, refuge assemblages are often represented through counter-mapping relationships with territory and movement that were often illegible to the state or its agents.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

The study of refuge assemblages in the Pacific Rim has been driven largely by the investigation of Indigenous landscapes in the penumbra of Spanish colonialism.

“The study of refuge assemblages in the Pacific Rim has been driven largely by the investigation of Indigenous landscapes in the penumbra of Spanish colonialism.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

These studies provide an important counterpoint to model-driven approaches to migration.

“These studies provide an important counterpoint to model-driven approaches to migration (Van Dommelen 2014).”

• cites Van Dommelen 2014 sourceNot checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Archaeological studies of refuge assemblages have concentrated on two contexts: Indigenous cartographies in the wake of Spanish colonial efforts in the Pacific Rim and the geographies that people racialized as Black asserted for themselves in the context of eighteenth-and nineteenth-century plantation slavery.

“Archaeological studies of refuge assemblages have concentrated (though not exclusively) on two contexts: Indigenous cartographies in the wake of Spanish colonial efforts in the Pacific Rim and the geographies that people racialized as Black asserted for themselves in the context of eighteenth-and nineteenth-century plantation slavery.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

In the Atlantic World, Weik describes and synthesizes major refuge sites and their implications for larger engagements in discussions of antislavery resistance.

“In the Atlantic World, Weik (2012) describes and synthesizes major refuge sites and their implications for larger engagements in discussions of antislavery resistance.”

• cites Weik 2012Not matched

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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

Examining landscapes of South Asian indentured labor in nineteenth-century Mauritius, Haines shows how plantation ecologies and environmental change both necessitated labor migration from South Asia and changed how people who were part of that diaspora interacted with and within those new landscapes.

“Examining landscapes of South Asian indentured labor in nineteenth-century Mauritius, Haines (2021) shows how plantation ecologies and environmental change both necessitated labor migration from South Asia and changed how people who were part of that diaspora interacted with and within those new landscapes.”

• cites Haines 2021 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.

Those who work on assemblages deposited in the relatively recent past (ca.1500 CE to the present) are aided by a rich multilingual documentary record as well as oral histories.

“Those who work on assemblages deposited in the relatively recent past (ca.1500 CE to the present) are aided by a rich multilingual documentary record as well as oral histories.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Rizvi documents how economic development and social empowerment projects often implicate archaeological remains and how such projects are composed of transnational workforces.

“Rizvi (2020), among others (MacEachern 2010, Meskell 2018), documents how economic development and social empowerment projects often implicate archaeological remains and how such projects are composed of transnational workforces.”

• cites Rizvi 2020 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites MacEachern 2010 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Meskell 2018Not checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

In the context of Southeast Asia, Scott maps an alternative past for the inhabitants of Zomia in Southeast Asia who flee undertakings of the state, including slavery, conscription, taxes, corvée labor, epidemics, and warfare.

“In the context of Southeast Asia, Scott (2009) maps an alternative past for the inhabitants of Zomia in Southeast Asia who flee undertakings of the state, including”

• cites Scott 2009Not matched

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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Other archaeologists have turned to transnational heritage to consider the ways that boundaries are at work in both producing global inequalities and rendering such forces less visible.

“Other archaeologists have turned to transnational heritage to consider the ways that boundaries are at work in both producing global inequalities and rendering such forces less visible.”

Probably not a substantial claim.

They carve out refuges through farming practices, egalitarian politics, and other tactics that counter state-driven discussions of territory and movement.

“They carve out refuges through farming practices, egalitarian politics, and other tactics that counter state-driven discussions of territory and movement.”

• cites Scott 2009Not matched

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It may state two separate claims as one.

This transformation, along with increased demand for ritual animals and greater extralocal wealth, formed material and social infrastructures for resistance but also brought refuge and colonial center-Indigenous and colonizer-into economic interdependencies of consequence, but in ways that coopted colonialism for their own purposes.

“This transformation, along with increased demand for ritual animals and greater extralocal wealth, formed material and social infrastructures for resistance but also brought refuge and colonial center-Indigenous and colonizer-into economic interdependencies of consequence, but in ways that coopted colonialism for their own purposes (Acabado 2018).”

• cites Acabado 2018 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

European colonial appropriations and acquisitions during the early modern period reveal interconnected object histories among communities in disparate parts of the world.

“Of course, European colonial appropriations and acquisitions during the early modern period reveal interconnected object histories among communities in disparate parts of the world.”

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Transnational, multisited archaeologies are not without their challenges.

“As such, transnational, multisited archaeologies are not without their challenges.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

Initial research focused on identifying the geographic characteristics that distinguished refuge zones: regions that would be considered marginal by colonial enterprises, locations that offer little access to agents of colonial scrutiny, and positions that are defendable to military incursion.

“Initial research focused on identifying the geographic characteristics that distinguished refuge zones: regions that would be considered”

• cites Scott 2009Not matched

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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

Settlements and landscapes contemporary to, but on the penumbra of, colonial enclaves were considered sites of irregular scrutiny and anxious incursion on the part of colonial authorities.

“Settlements and landscapes contemporary to, but on the penumbra of, colonial enclaves were considered sites of irregular scrutiny and anxious incursion on the part of colonial authorities.”