Sex-based comparisons of myofibrillar protein synthesis after resistance exercise in the fed state
Open accessAbstract
We made sex-based comparisons of rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS) and anabolic signaling after a single bout of high-intensity resistance exercise. Eight men (20 ± 10 yr, BMI = 24.3 ± 2.4) and eight women (22 ± 1.8 yr, BMI = 23.0 ± 1.9) underwent primed constant infusions of l-[ring-(13)C(6)]phenylalanine on consecutive days with serial muscle biopsies. Biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis at rest and 1, 3, 5, 24, 26, and 28 h after exercise. Twenty-five grams of whey protein was ingested immediately and 26 h after exercise. We also measured exercise-induced serum testosterone because it is purported to contribute to increases in myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS) postexercise and its absence has been hypothesized to attenuate adaptative responses to resistance exercise in women. The exercise-induced area under the testosterone curve was 45-fold greater in men than women in the early (1 h) recovery period following exercise (P < 0.001). MPS was elevated similarly in men and women (2.3- and 2.7-fold, respectively) 1-5 h postexercise and after protein ingestion following 24 h recovery. Phosphorylation of mTOR(Ser2448) was elevated to a greater extent in men than women acutely after exercise (P = 0.003), whereas increased phosphorylation of p70S6K1(Thr389) was not different between sexes. Androgen receptor content was greater in men (main effect for sex, P = 0.049). Atrogin-1 mRNA abundance was decreased after 5 h recovery in both men and women (P < 0.001), and MuRF-1 expression was elevated in men after protein ingestion following 24 h recovery (P = 0.003). These results demonstrate minor sex-based differences in signaling responses and no difference in the MPS response to resistance exercise in the fed state. Interestingly, our data demonstrate that exercise-induced increases in MPS are dissociated from postexercise testosteronemia and that stimulation of MPS occurs effectively with low systemic testosterone concentrations in women.
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One study found no sex-based differences in anabolic sensitivity between young men and women.
“one study has examined and found no sex-based differences in anabolic sensitivity between young men and women (West et al. 2012).”
From Sex‐based differences in endurance exercise muscle metabolism: impact on exercise and nutritional strategies to optimize health and performance in women (2016) · cites this paper as West et al. 2012
The similarities in MPS between males and females occurred despite significantly higher testosterone in males.
“Moreover, the similarities in MPS between males and females occurred despite significantly higher testosterone in males.”
From Males and females exhibit similar muscle glycogen recovery with varied recovery food sources (2020) · cites this paper as West et al. (2012)
West et al. (2012) demonstrated minimal differences between males and females in myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS) after resistance exercise when subjects were provided with 25 g of whey protein post-exercise.
“However, West et al. (2012) demonstrated minimal differences between males and females in myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS) after resistance exercise when subjects were provided with 25 g of whey protein post-exercise.”
From Males and females exhibit similar muscle glycogen recovery with varied recovery food sources (2020) · cites this paper as West et al. (2012)
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- Authors
- West, D. W. D., Burd, N. A., Churchward-Venne, T. A., Camera, D. M., Mitchell, C. J., Baker, S. K., Hawley, J. A., Coffey, V. G., & Phillips, S. M.
- Affiliations
- McMaster University (CA)
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;
- RMIT University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Phillips, Stuart M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2012-06-01
- Volume
- 112
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1805-1813
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2082919561
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- myofibrillar protein synthesis, resistance training, sex differences, testosterone, mTOR signaling, p70S6K1, androgen receptor, atrogin-1, MuRF1, ubiquitin ligase, post-exercise recovery, anabolic signaling
- MeSH terms
- Whey Proteins, Dietary Proteins, Fasting, Female, Humans, Male, Milk Proteins, Muscle Proteins, Myofibrils, Sex Characteristics, Postprandial Period, Resistance Training, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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