Cited by 37Muscle metabolism and nutritionMuscle Physiology and DisordersRNA and protein synthesis mechanisms

Mechanosensitive pathways controlling translation regulatory processes in skeletal muscle and implications for adaptation

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Kirby, Tyler J.·2019·Journal of Applied Physiology

Abstract

The ability of myofibers to sense and respond appropriately to mechanical signals is one of the primary determinants of the skeletal muscle phenotype. In response to a change in mechanical load, muscle cells alter their protein metabolism, primarily through the regulation of protein synthesis rate. Protein synthesis rates are determined by both translation efficiency and translational capacity within the muscle. Translational capacity is strongly determined by the ribosome content of the muscle; thus the regulation of ribosomal biogenesis by mechanical inputs has been an area of recent interest. Despite the clear association between mechanical signals and changes in protein metabolism, the molecular pathways that link these events are still not fully elucidated. This review focuses on recent studies looking at how mechanosignaling impacts translational events. The role of impaired mechanotransduction in aging is discussed, as is the connection between age-dependent signaling defects and compromised ribosomal biogenesis during mechanical overload. Finally, emerging evidence suggests that the nucleus can act as a mechanosensitive element and that this mode of mechanotransduction may have an important role in skeletal muscle physiology and adaptation.

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Crossref · 10.1152/japplphysiol.01031.2018

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  • In response to increased mechanical loading, YAP and TAZ translocate to the nucleus and interact with TEAD transcription factors, promoting expression of genes involved in cell growth, cytoskeletal remodeling, and ribosome biogenesis.

    “In response to increased mechanical loading, they translocate to the nucleus and interact with TEAD transcription factors, thereby promoting the expression of genes involved in cell growth, cytoskeletal remodeling, and ribosome biogenesis [203,206,207].”

    From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [206]

    The Mechanical Regulation of YAP/TAZ section says YAP/TAZ respond to mechanical inputs and links increased YAP signaling to muscle growth; it also reports ribosome-biogenesis gene upregulation after YAP overexpression in skeletal muscle progenitor cells. The Biophysical Mechanosignaling section describes YAP nuclear entry under physical compression. Neither section establishes the claimed YAP/TAZ interaction with TEAD or the resulting expression of cytoskeletal-remodeling genes, and the paper says how YAP/TAZ respond to mechanical cues in skeletal muscle remains unclear. Page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Increased intracellular stiffness could reduce nuclear deformation under a given external load, attenuating mechanosensitive transcriptional signaling even if training volume remains substantial.

    “Increased intracellular stiffness could reduce nuclear deformation under a given external load, thereby attenuating mechanosensitive transcriptional signaling even if training volume remains substantial [110,206].”

    From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [206]

    The Biophysical Mechanosignaling section (page unavailable) describes how forces reach the nucleus, how the nuclear lamina affects its mechanical properties, and how nuclear compression can permit YAP entry. It does not say that increased intracellular stiffness reduces nuclear deformation under a given load or attenuates transcriptional signaling despite substantial training volume. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Nuclear deformation can affect pore dynamics, chromatin organization, and intranuclear trafficking of mechanosensitive regulators.

    “Experimental studies indicate that nuclear deformation can affect pore dynamics, chromatin organization, and the intranuclear trafficking of mechanosensitive regulators [204,205,206].”

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Authors
Kirby, T. J.
Affiliations
Cornell University (US)
Corresponding author
Kirby, Tyler J.
Venue
Journal of Applied Physiology
Published
2019-08-01
Volume
127
Issue
2
Pages
608-618
ISSN
  • 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
  • 8750-7587
  • 1522-1601
OpenAlex
W2958461278
Cited by
37
References
127
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1
FWCI
0.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
other-oa
Locations
  • Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA603238)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Keywords
mechanotransduction, skeletal muscle, translational regulation, translational capacity, ribosome biogenesis, protein synthesis, mechanical overload, muscle aging, muscle adaptation
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Humans, Ribosomes, Protein Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Muscle, Skeletal, Mechanotransduction, Cellular

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