Cited by 535Metabolism, Diabetes, and CancerCardiovascular and exercise physiologyDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

Invited Review: Effects of acute exercise and exercise training on insulin resistance

Henriksen, Erik J.·2002·Journal of Applied Physiology

Abstract

Insulin resistance of skeletal muscle glucose transport is a key defect in the development of impaired glucose tolerance and Type 2 diabetes. It is well established that both an acute bout of exercise and chronic endurance exercise training can have beneficial effects on insulin action in insulin-resistant states. This review summarizes the present state of knowledge regarding these effects in the obese Zucker rat, a widely used rodent model of obesity-associated insulin resistance, and in insulin-resistant humans with impaired glucose tolerance or Type 2 diabetes. A single bout of prolonged aerobic exercise (30–60 min at ∼60–70% of maximal oxygen consumption) can significantly lower plasma glucose levels, owing to normal contraction-induced stimulation of GLUT-4 glucose transporter translocation and glucose transport activity in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. However, little is currently known about the effects of acute exercise on muscle insulin signaling in the postexercise state in insulin-resistant individuals. A well-established adaptive response to exercise training in conditions of insulin resistance is improved glucose tolerance and enhanced skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity of glucose transport. This training-induced enhancement of insulin action is associated with upregulation of specific components of the glucose transport system in insulin-resistant muscle and includes increased protein expression of GLUT-4 and insulin receptor substrate-1. It is clear that further investigations are needed to further elucidate the specific molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of acute exercise and exercise training on the glucose transport system in insulin-resistant mammalian skeletal muscle.

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Crossref · 10.1152/japplphysiol.01219.2001

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Authors
Henriksen, E. J.
Affiliations
University of Arizona (US)
Corresponding author
Henriksen, Erik J.
Venue
Journal of Applied Physiology
Published
2002-08-01
Volume
93
Issue
2
Pages
788-796
ISSN
  • 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
  • 8750-7587
  • 1522-1601
OpenAlex
W2171329429
Cited by
535
References
118
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 32
FWCI
8.06
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords
insulin resistance, acute exercise, exercise training, skeletal muscle glucose transport, GLUT4 translocation, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, Zucker fatty rats, insulin signaling, IRS-1, aerobic exercise, glucose tolerance
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Signal Transduction, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal

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