Cited by 1,005Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyBlood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesPhysical Activity and Health

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Effects of endurance training on blood pressure, blood pressure-regulating mechanisms, and cardiovascular risk factors

Cornelissen, Véronique A., Fagard, Robert H.·2005·Hypertension

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Abstract

Previous meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials on the effects of chronic dynamic aerobic endurance training on blood pressure reported on resting blood pressure only. Our aim was to perform a comprehensive meta-analysis including resting and ambulatory blood pressure, blood pressure–regulating mechanisms, and concomitant cardiovascular risk factors. Inclusion criteria of studies were: random allocation to intervention and control; endurance training as the sole intervention; inclusion of healthy sedentary normotensive or hypertensive adults; intervention duration of ≥4 weeks; availability of systolic or diastolic blood pressure; and publication in a peer-reviewed journal up to December 2003. The meta-analysis involved 72 trials, 105 study groups, and 3936 participants. After weighting for the number of trained participants and using a random-effects model, training induced significant net reductions of resting and daytime ambulatory blood pressure of, respectively, 3.0/2.4 mm Hg ( P <0.001) and 3.3/3.5 mm Hg ( P <0.01). The reduction of resting blood pressure was more pronounced in the 30 hypertensive study groups (−6.9/−4.9) than in the others (−1.9/−1.6; P <0.001 for all). Systemic vascular resistance decreased by 7.1% ( P <0.05), plasma norepinephrine by 29% ( P <0.001), and plasma renin activity by 20% ( P <0.05). Body weight decreased by 1.2 kg ( P <0.001), waist circumference by 2.8 cm ( P <0.001), percent body fat by 1.4% ( P <0.001), and the homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance by 0.31 U ( P <0.01); HDL cholesterol increased by 0.032 mmol/L −1 ( P <0.05). In conclusion, aerobic endurance training decreases blood pressure through a reduction of vascular resistance, in which the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system appear to be involved, and favorably affects concomitant cardiovascular risk factors.

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Authors: Cornelissen, V. A., & Fagard, R. H.
Affiliations: From the Hypertension and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Molecular and Cardiovascular Research, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium.
UCLouvain (BE)
Venue: Hypertension
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2005-10
Volume: 46
Issue: 4
Pages: 667-675
ISSN: 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
1524-4563
DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000184225.05629.51
OpenAlex: W2163161539
Cited by: 1,005
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 28 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 76 · 2013: 79 · 2012: 58
FWCI: 64.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Hypertension (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Lirias (submittedVersion)
Funders: Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Vlaamse regering
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords: aerobic endurance training, blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, plasma norepinephrine, plasma renin activity, renin-angiotensin system, sympathetic nervous system, cardiovascular risk factors, insulin resistance, HDL cholesterol, body weight, waist circumference, fat mass
MeSH terms: Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Hemodynamics, Humans, Norepinephrine, Physical Education and Training, Physical Endurance, Regression Analysis, Renin, Rest, Risk Factors, Vascular Resistance, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Cross-Over Studies, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory

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Effects of endurance training on blood pressure, blood pressure-regulating mechanisms, and cardiovascular risk factors

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