Cited by 5,784Cardiovascular Health and Risk FactorsHealthcare Systems and Public HealthHealth Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention

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Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

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Virani, Salim S., Alonso, Alvaro, Aparicio, Hugo J., Benjamin, Emelia J., Bittencourt, Marcio S., Callaway, Clifton W., Carson, April P., Chamberlain, Alanna M., Cheng, Susan, Delling, Francesca N., Elkind, Mitchell S.V., Evenson, Kelly R., Ferguson, Jane F., Gupta, Deepak K., Khan, Sadiya S., Kissela, Brett M., Knutson, Kristen L., Lee, Chong D., Lewis, Tené T., Liu, Junxiu, Loop, Matthew Shane, Lutsey, Pamela L., Ma, Jun, Mackey, Jason, Martin, Seth S., Matchar, David B., Mussolino, Michael E., Navaneethan, Sankar D., Perak, Amanda Marma, Roth, Gregory A., Samad, Zainab, Satou, Gary M., Schroeder, Emily B., Shah, Svati H., Shay, Christina M., Stokes, Andrew, VanWagner, Lisa B., Wang, Nae-Yuh, Tsao, Connie W., On behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee·2021·Circulation

DOI 10.1161/cir.0000000000000950PMC PMC13036842

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Abstract

Background: The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). Methods: The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2021 Statistical Update is the product of a full year’s worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year’s edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, adverse pregnancy outcomes, vascular contributions to brain health, the global burden of cardiovascular disease, and further evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors related to cardiovascular disease. Results: Each of the 27 chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. Conclusions: The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.

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“MI has long been one of the most challenging problems facing clinicians and researchers [115].”
Cost evaluation of acute ischemic stroke in Latin America: a multicentric study
Dittrich, L., Etges, A. P. B. D. S., de Souza, J. S., Marcolino, M. A. Z., Rocha, E., Amaya, P., Barboza, M. A., Saavedra, A. G., Hornos, G. P., Abanto, C., et al. (2024) · The Lancet Regional Health - Americas · doi:10.1016/j.lana.2024.100959 · Cited by 10
Prolonged Water-Only Fasting Followed by a Whole-Plant-Food Diet Is a Potential Long-Term Management Strategy for Hypertension and Obesity
Zeiler, E., Gabriel, S., Ncube, M., Thompson, N., Newmire, D. E., Scharf, E., Goldhamer, A. C., & Myers, T. R. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16223959 · Cited by 10
“Diet and lifestyle modifications may lower high BP, reduce associated CVD risks, and decrease rates of polypharmacy, but these interventions also suffer from low adherence rates [9–11].”
The Efficacy and Safety of Levosimendan in Patients with Advanced Heart Failure: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Elsaeidy, A. S., Abuelazm, M. T., Ghaly, R., Soliman, Y., Amin, A. M., El-Gohary, M., Elshenawy, S., Seri, A. R., Abdelazeem, B., Patel, B. D., et al. (2024) · American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40256-024-00675-z · Cited by 15
“Moreover, the projected increase in heart failure prevalence from 2012 to 2030 is 46%, and the total cost is expected to rise from $30.7 billion to $69.8 billion (US dollars) between 2012 and 2030 [3, 4].”
Influential
Role of naringin in the treatment of atherosclerosis
Lu, Y., Li, D., Xu, J.-M., & Zhou, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1451445 · Cited by 13
TheraDyad: Feasibility of an Affordable Robot for Multi-User Stroke Rehabilitation
Waters, E. L., Mendonca, R. J., Cacchione, P., & Johnson, M. J. (2024) · International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics · doi:10.1109/biorob60516.2024.10719912 · Cited by 10
“Post-stroke cognitive impairments are common [9].”
Approach to Altered Mental Status in Pregnancy and Postpartum
Kroopnick, A., & Miller, E. C. (2024) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0044-1788977 · Cited by 10
Inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis through the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase‐stimulator of interferon genes pathway by stress granules after ALKBH5 demethylase activation during diabetic myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion injury
Li, W., Qin, R., Tang, Z., Wang, C., Xu, H., Li, W., Leng, Y., Wang, Y., & Xia, Z. (2024) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15743 · Cited by 14
MiR‐106a targets ATG7 to inhibit autophagy and angiogenesis after myocardial infarction
Bai, G., Yang, J., Liao, W., Zhou, X., He, Y., Li, N., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., Dong, X., Zhang, H., et al. (2024) · Animal Models and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1002/ame2.12418 · Cited by 11
“20,21 19 In addition, it has been showed that miR-106a inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing the expression of VEGFA in atherosclerosis 29 and renal cell carcinoma.”
Background
Social Support Mediates the Association Between Abilities and Participation After Stroke
Anthony, M., Hattori, R., Nicholas, M. L., Randolph, S. B., Lee, Y., Baum, C. M., & Connor, L. (2024) · OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health · doi:10.1177/15394492241249446 · Cited by 10
“As an additional 3.4 million adults are expected to experience a stroke by 2030 (Virani et al., 2021), it is important to understand resources that affect participation.”
Influential
Trajectories of Sacubitril/Valsartan Adherence Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Heart Failure
Huang, W., Ahmed, M. M., Morris, E. J., Yang, L.-T., O'Neal, L., Hernandez, I., Bian, J., Kimmel, S. E., Smith, S. M., & Guo, J. (2024) · JACC: Advances · doi:10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.100958 · Cited by 10
Design and rationale of the cardiometabolic health program linked with community health workers and mobile health telemonitoring to reduce health disparities (LINKED-HEARTS) program
Commodore-Mensah, Y. Y., Chen, Y., Ogungbe, O., Liu, X., Metlock, F., Carson, K. A., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Ibe, C. A., Crews, D. C., Cooper, L. A., et al. (2024) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2024.05.008 · Cited by 13
A deep learning-based calculation system for plaque stenosis severity on common carotid artery of ultrasound images
Liu, M., Gao, W., Song, D., Dong, Y., Hong, S., Cui, C., Shi, S., Wu, K., Chen, J., Xu, J., et al. (2024) · Vascular · doi:10.1177/17085381241246312 · Cited by 10
Hydrodynamic metamaterial redirector for steering fluid flow in pipelines with arbitrary curvatures
Pang, H.-X., You, Y., & Chen, K. (2024) · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1017/jfm.2024.205 · Cited by 10
Association between nocturnal blood pressure phenotype and adverse cardiovascular prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension
Du, Y., Zhu, B., Liu, Y.-H., Zhou, W., Du, Z., Yang, W., & Gao, C. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.14790 · Cited by 10
High‐Intensity Interval Training Is Associated With Improved 10‐Year Survival by Mediating Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced and Mid‐Range Ejection Fraction
Hsu, C.-C., Fu, T.-C., Wang, C.-H., Huang, T.-S., Cherng, W., & Wang, J.-S. (2024) · Journal of the American Heart Association : Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease · doi:10.1161/jaha.123.031162 · Cited by 10
Impact of cardiovascular disease on health-related quality of life among older adults in eastern China: evidence from a national cross-sectional survey
Wan, L., Yang, G.-M., Dong, H., Liang, X., & He, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1300404 · Cited by 10
Cardiovascular, Neurological, and Immunological Adverse Events and the 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine
Yoon, D., Jeon, H.-L., Kim, J. H., Lee, H., & Shin, J.-Y. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.52597 · Cited by 10
Process mining and customer journey mapping in healthcare: Enhancing patient-centred care in stroke rehabilitation
Shafei, I., Karnon, J., & Crotty, M. (2024) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076241249264 · Cited by 10
“12 In 2018, an estimated 387,000 people had a stroke at some time in their lives in Australia.”
Background
A machine learning-based approach to identify peripheral artery disease using texture features from contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Khagi, B., Belousova, T., Short, C. M., Taylor, A. A., Nambi, V., Ballantyne, C. M., Bismuth, J. X., Shah, D. J., & Brunner, G. (2023) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2023.11.014 · Cited by 11
Heat‐shock protein A12A attenuates oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation‐induced human brain microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction via PGC‐1α/SIRT3 pathway
Li, J., Shen, S., & Shen, H.-Y. (2023) · Drug development research (Print) · doi:10.1002/ddr.22130 · Cited by 10
“Ischemic stroke, one of the common clinical diseases of the elderly, has become the second leading cause of deaths and the leading cause of disability worldwide (Virani et al., 2021).”
Background
Clinical challenges facing patient participation in cardiac rehabilitation: cigarette smoking
Gaalema, D. E., Khadanga, S., & Pack, Q. R. (2023) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1080/14779072.2023.2282026 · Cited by 14
The value of a deep learning image reconstruction algorithm in whole-brain computed tomography perfusion in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Lei, L., Zhou, Y.-H., Guo, X., Wang, L., Zhao, X.-T., Wang, H., Ma, J., & Yue, S. (2023) · Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.21037/qims-23-547 · Cited by 10
“Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of permanent disability and death worldwide, accounting for more than 80% of all stroke incidents (1).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Proteomic Determinants of Variation in Cholesterol Efflux: Observations from the Dallas Heart Study
Gangwar, A., Deodhar, S., Saldanha, S., Melander, O., Abbasi, F., Pearce, R. W., Collier, T. S., McPhaul, M. J., Furtado, J. D., Sacks, F. M., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242115526 · Cited by 10
“Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the biggest cause, globally, of mortality and the economic healthcare burden [1].”
Background
The relationship of the hemoglobin to serum creatinine ratio with long-term mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome: A retrospective study
Demir, M., Kahraman, F., Şen, T., & Astarcıoglu, M. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000035636 · Cited by 10
“[1,2] Many scorings and risk assessment algorithms have been developed to predict and reduce the mortality of coronary artery disease (CAD).”
Background
Strokes Averted by Intravenous Thrombolysis: A Secondary Analysis of a Prospective, Multicenter, Controlled Trial of Mobile Stroke Units
Navi, B., Bach, I., Czap, A., Wang, M., Yamal, J.-M., Jacob, A. P., Parker, S. A., Rajan, S., Mir, S., Sherman, C. P., et al. (2023) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.26816 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Desialylation of ATG5 by sialidase (NEU1) promotes macrophages autophagy and exacerbates inflammation under hypoxia.
Zeng, S., Wen, Y.-L., & Yu, C. (2023) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110927 · Cited by 10
Clinical outcomes in older patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the GARFIELD-AF registry.
Goldhaber, S., Bassand, J., Camm, A., Virdone, S., Pieper, K., Cools, F., Corbalán, R., Gersh, B., Goto, S., Haas, S., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.10.027 · Cited by 10
Prognostic identifier of cerebrovascular complications in tuberculous meningitis: Meta-analysis.
Tomidy, J., Satriadinatha, G. B., Liwang, F. K., Maharani, K., Imran, D., & Estiasari, R. (2023) · Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107371 · Cited by 10
Oxidized Low-density Lipoproteins and Lipopolysaccharides Augment Carotid Artery Plaque Vulnerability in Hypercholesterolemic Microswine
Nooti, S., Rai, V., Radwan, M., Thankam, F., Singh, H., Chatzizisis, Y., & Agrawal, D. (2023) · Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.26502/fccm.92920338 · Cited by 10
“Despite an advanced understanding of the biology of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease (CAD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) continue to be in the top 3 leading causes of death worldwide [1].”
Background
Risk Factors, Presentation, and Outcome in Acute Stroke according to Social Position Indicators in Patients Hospitalised in a Referral Centre in Bogotá 2011–2019
Pantoja-Ruiz, C., Porto, F., Parra-Artunduaga, M., Omaña-Alvarez, L., Coral, J., & Rosselli, D. (2023) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000529794 · Cited by 10
Type of evidence supporting ACC/AHA and ESC clinical practice guidelines for acute coronary syndrome
González-del-Hoyo, M., Mas-Lladó, C., Blaya-Peña, L., Siquier-Padilla, J., Coughlan, J., Peral, V., & Rosselló, X. (2023) · Clinical Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00392-023-02262-9 · Cited by 10
“Acute coronary syndromes (ACS), consisting of both ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS), represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide [1, 2].”
Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients Supported with Left Ventricular Assist Devices: The Journey from Bridging to Destination.
Mohamed, M. S., Shehadah, A., Hashem, A., Chand, S., Bapaye, J., Khalouf, A., Rai, D., & Peter, S. (2023) · American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.05.059 · Cited by 10
Dual effect of C–C motif chemokine receptor 5 on ischemic stroke: More harm than benefit?
Jing, K., Chen, F., Shi, X., Guo, J., & Liu, X. (2023) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175857 · Cited by 12
Carotid atherosclerotic plaque segmentation in multi-weighted MRI using a two-stage neural network: advantages of training with high-resolution imaging and histology
Li, R., Zheng, J., Zayed, M. A., Saffitz, J. E., Woodard, P. K., & Jha, A. K. (2023) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1127653 · Cited by 8
Risk Factors for Premature Coronary Heart Disease in Women Compared to Men: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Khoja, A., Andraweera, P., Lassi, Z., Ali, A., Zheng, M., Pathirana, M., Aldridge, E., Wittwer, M., Chaudhuri, D., Tavella, R., et al. (2023) · Journal of Women's Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2022.0517 · Cited by 10
“74,77 Therefore, this PCHD women’s group represents a unique cluster of generalized vascular disease, including high prevalence of PVD and stroke in women compared with men.”
“Recognition of heart attack symptoms and treatment-seeking behaviors: a multi-center survey in Tehran, Iran”
Shahmohamadi, E., Sedaghat, M., Rahmani, A., Larti, F., & Geraiely, B. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15826-1 · Cited by 10
Effect of task-based bilateral arm training on upper limb recovery after stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Gnanaprakasam, A., Karthikbabu, S., Ravishankar, N., & Solomon, J. (2023) · Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107131 · Cited by 10
Sonothrombolysis with an acoustic net-assisted boiling histotripsy: A proof-of-concept study
Heo, J., Park, J. H., Kim, H.-J., Pahk, K., & Pahk, K. J. (2023) · Ultrasonics Sonochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106435 · Cited by 11
“In contrast to thrombus, an embolus, which is a piece of a thrombus that travels through the bloodstream and can block the blood flow to vital organs such as lungs, heart and brain leading to embolism, can be very dangerous and become a life-threatening condition [1,11,12].”
Background
Unbalanced Redox With Autophagy in Cardiovascular Disease
Jeong, S.-J., & Oh, G. (2023) · Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis · doi:10.12997/jla.2023.12.2.132 · Cited by 10
Food Insecurity and Perceived Financial Stress are Associated with Cost-related Medication Non-adherence in Stroke
Springer, M. V., Skolarus, L., & Patel, M. (2023) · Journal of health care for the poor and underserved · doi:10.1353/hpu.2023.0054 · Cited by 10
Phthalates and phthalate metabolites in urine from Tianjin and implications for platelet mitochondrial DNA methylation
Li, W.-X., Guo, L.-Q., Fang, J., Zhao, L., Song, S., Fang, T., Li, C., Wang, L., & Li, P.-H. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1108555 · Cited by 10
A machine-learning based bio-psycho-social model for the prediction of non-obstructive and obstructive coronary artery disease
Raparelli, V., Romiti, G. F., Teodoro, G. D., Seccia, R., Tanzilli, G., Viceconte, N., Marrapodi, R., Flego, D., Corica, B., Cangemi, R., et al. (2023) · Clinical Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00392-023-02193-5 · Cited by 10
Natural language processing to identify reasons for sex disparity in statin prescriptions
Witting, C., Azizi, Z., Gomez, S. E., Zammit, A., Sarraju, A., Ngo, S., Hernandez-Boussard, T., & Rodriguez, F. (2023) · American Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2023.100496 · Cited by 10
“Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for men and women worldwide [1].”
Background
Global, regional, and national burden of hypertensive heart disease in 1990–2021, with forecasts to 2050: a Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Lee, C., Hwang, S. H., Cho, J., Lee, S., Hong, S., Kim, T. H., Lee, H., Lee, J., Pizzol, D., Smith, L., et al. (2025) · Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.5646/ch.2025.31.e36 · Cited by 8
“…lifestyles is essential for the effective prevention and control of HHD. Factors such as the asymptomatic nature of early-stage HHD, low risk perception, and fragmented care models, widely documented in hypertension care [35-37], have been shown to impede timely diagnosis and continuity of care.”
Self-citation
Dietary hempseed and cardiovascular health: nutritional composition, mechanisms and comparison with other seeds
Kaçar, Ö. F., Kose, T., & Kaçar, H. K. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1669375 · Cited by 12
Association between heavy metal exposure and heart failure incidence and mortality: insights from NHANES data (2003–2018)
Lin, Z., Dong, Y., Di, X., Bai, Y., Tang, J., Lai, G., Wang, S., Wang, X., Liu, Y., & Zhao, Y. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-23177-2 · Cited by 10
“For instance, in the U.S., HF prevalence increased from 2.4% in 2012 to a projected 3.0% by 2030, with HF-related healthcare costs rising from $30.7 billion to $69.8 billion over the same period—a 127% increase— highlighting the growing economic burden [1, 2].”
Influential
Identification of biomarkers and immune microenvironment associated with heart failure through bioinformatics and machine learning
Jin, J.-Y., Qin, S., Fu, Q., Yu, C., & Wu, H.-J. (2025) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2025.1580880 · Cited by 9
Natural Bioproducts with Epigenetic Properties for Treating Cardiovascular Disorders
Martínez-Iglesias, O. A., Naidoo, V., Carrera, I., Corzo, L., & Cacabelos, R. (2025) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes16050566 · Cited by 9
“The mean doubling time for CVD mortality is approximately seven years, with mortality rates in older populations being dozens to hundreds of times higher than in younger adults [2].”
Post-COVID shifts and disparities in hypertension-related mortality in the United States.
Waqas, S. A., Hurjkaliani, S., Salim, H., Collins, P., & Ahmed, R. (2025) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.05.010 · Cited by 9
High β-Glucan Whole Grain Barley Reduces Postprandial Glycemic Response in Healthy Adults—Part One of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Kellogg, J. A., Monsivais, P., Murphy, K. M., & Perrigue, M. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17030430 · Cited by 9
“High fasting blood glucose is one of the leading risk factors for years lived with disability or injury (YLD) in the US [3].”
Electroacupuncture inhibits neuronal pyroptosis in ischemic brain injury through modulating SIRT5-mediated NEK7 succinylation.
Ma, L.-L., Zhang, M., Chen, T., Wang, L.-M., & Deng, Q. (2024) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111173 · Cited by 9
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals key regulators and differentiation trajectory of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes
Li, L., Li, D., Wang, J.-H., & Dai, Y. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-79488-8 · Cited by 9
Quality of life and utility of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Leelathanalerk, A., Piankarnka, N., Srimongkon, P., Chanasopon, S., Phumart, P., Paktipat, P., Saramunee, K., & Phimarn, W. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-80387-1 · Cited by 9
Factors Influencing the Development and Severity of Cognitive Decline in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Militaru, M., Lighezan, D., Tudoran, C., Tudoran, M., & Militaru, A. (2024) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina60111859 · Cited by 9
Ginseng supplementation and cardiovascular disease risk factors: a protocol for GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
Jafari, A., Kordkatuli, K., Mardani, H., Mehdipoor, F., Jami, P. B., Abbastabar, M., Vakili, M., Besharat, S., & Alaghi, A. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080926 · Cited by 9
Coping as a mediator of the relationship between kinesiophobia and illness perception in atrial fibrillation patients: A cross-sectional mediation analysis.
Chen, L., Li, H., Gou, X., Dong, H., Yang, S., Dong, F., & Wu, J. (2024) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.16262 · Cited by 9
Evolution of LDL-C lowering medications and their cardiovascular benefits: Past, present, and future
Faluk, M. A., Wardhere, A., Mohamoud, A. A., Nor, M. A., Bampastsias, D., Oikonomou, E., Almubaid, Z., & Hemyari, B. A. (2024) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102637 · Cited by 8
Mortality from Stroke in Pará, Brazilian Amazon: a Joinpoint Analysis
Roni, G., Araújo, A. C. B., Maud, H., Noll, M., de Souza, H. M., Campos, M. F., & de Souza, O. F. (2024) · Journal of Human Growth and Development · doi:10.36311/jhgd.v34.15794 · Cited by 9
“In 2019, around 6.55 million lives were claimed by stroke worldwide [4, 5] .”
BackgroundInfluential
Repressing iron overload ameliorates central post-stroke pain via the Hdac2-Kv1.2 axis in a rat model of hemorrhagic stroke
Fang, H., Li, M., Yang, J.-C., Ma, S.-P., Zhang, L., Yang, H.-Q., Tang, Q., Cao, J., & Yang, W.-M. (2024) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01498 · Cited by 9
Association between estrogen replacement therapy and heart failure in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Chen, Z., Wu, C., & Huang, Z. (2024) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107909 · Cited by 13
Pharmacotherapy and revascularization strategies of peripheral artery disease
Moras, E., Khan, M. I., Song, D. D., Syed, M., Prabhakaran, S. Y., Gandhi, K., Lavie, C. J., Alam, M., Sharma, R. M., & Krittanawong, C. (2024) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102430 · Cited by 10
Identification of 4 autophagy-related genes in heart failure by bioinformatics analysis and machine learning
Deng, X.-W., Yang, Z., Li, T., Wang, Y., Yang, Q., An, R., & Xu, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2024.1247079 · Cited by 9
Direct oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists in patients with atrial fibrillation and stage 5 chronic kidney disease under dialysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
de Lucena, L. A., Freitas, M. A. A., Souza, A. K. C., Silva, C., Watanabe, J., Guedes, F., Almeida, J. B., & de Oliveira, R. A. (2024) · Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis · doi:10.1007/s11239-023-02945-0 · Cited by 9
“Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent sustained arrhythmia, with its prevalence in the general population estimated between 0.5% and 1% [1, 2].”
Influential
Trends Over Time in Stroke Incidence by Race in the Greater Cincinnati Northern Kentucky Stroke Study
Madsen, T. E., Ding, L.-L., Khoury, J., Haverbusch, M., Woo, D., Ferioli, S., Rosa, F. D. L. R. L., Martini, S. R., Adeoye, O., Khatri, P., et al. (2024) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000208077 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Improving mental health in black men through a 24-week community-based lifestyle change intervention: the black impact program
Joseph, J. J., Nolan, T. S., Brock, G. N., Williams, A., Zhao, S.-Z., McKoy, A., Kluwe, B., Metlock, F., Campanelli, K., Odei, J. B., et al. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05064-5 · Cited by 9
“This is particularly troubling, given that Black men have the lowest attainment of cardiovascular health [20], shortest life-expectancy of any race/sex group [21], and a lack of community-based participatory research interventions aimed at improving LS7 [22].”
Background
Expected Value of Sample Information Calculations for Risk Prediction Model Validation
Sadatsafavi, M., Vickers, A. J., Lee, T., Gustafson, P., & Wynants, L. (2024) · Medical decision making · doi:10.1177/0272989x251314010 · Cited by 9
“One can always embark on full decision analysis to translate all outcomes to net monetary units, but this will likely require sophisticated decision modeling and context-specific assumptions on long-term outcomes, a process that might take significant amount of time and require further data…”
Sex differences in coronary atherosclerosis during the pre- and postmenopausal period: The Tampere Sudden Death Study
Hakamaa, E., Goebeler, S., Martiskainen, M., Louhelainen, A., Ahinko, K., Lehtimäki, T. J., & Karhunen, P. J. (2024) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117459 · Cited by 11
Rurality and race in heart failure risk: Insights from the Southern Community Cohort Study
Kotit, S. (2023) · Global Cardiology Science and Practice · doi:10.21542/gcsp.2024.4 · Cited by 5
Leriche syndrome: Clinical and diagnostic approach of a rare infrarenal aortoiliac occlusive disease
Marak, J. R., Narayan, S., Lal, N. R., Raj, G., & Gara, H. (2023) · Radiology Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2023.10.077 · Cited by 9
“It has been used to assess the blood flow in distal arteries postembolec-tomy [11] .”
BackgroundMethod
The predictive value of infrared thermal imaging (IRT) for peripheral artery disease: A systematic review
Djajakusumah, T., Candrawinata, V., Ho, J., Herman, H., Lukman, K., & Lesmana, R. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000035639 · Cited by 9
“[1] The infrared thermal imaging within the medical field has been applied to The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose.”
BackgroundMethod
ECG Classification using Binary CNN on RRAM Crossbar with Nonidealities-Aware Training, Readout Compensation and CWT Preprocessing
Cao, T., Zhang, Z., Goh, W. L., Liu, C., Zhu, Y. H., & Gao, Y. (2023) · IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) · doi:10.1109/biocas58349.2023.10389002 · Cited by 11
“CNN has also shown great potential in biomedical signal processing, particularly in the analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [6].”
Reduction of double-strand DNA break repair exacerbates vascular aging
Bloom, S. I., Tucker, J. R., Machin, D. R., Abdeahad, H., Adeyemo, A. O., Thomas, T. G., Bramwell, R. C., Lesniewski, L. A., & Donato, A. J. (2023) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.205066 · Cited by 12
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“…cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), including its two major subtypes, coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic stroke, is the leading cause of death worldwide, with mortalities of more than half a million in the United States in 2018, and approximately 2.4 million in China in 2016 [1,2].”
BackgroundInfluential
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Authors: Virani, S. S., Alonso, A., Aparicio, H. J., Benjamin, E. J., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Cheng, S., Delling, F. N., Elkind, M. S. V., Evenson, K. R., Ferguson, J. F., Gupta, D. K., Khan, S. S., Kissela, B. M., Knutson, K. L., Lee, C. D., Lewis, T. T., Liu, J., Loop, M. S., Lutsey, P. L., Ma, J., Mackey, J., Martin, S. S., Matchar, D. B., Mussolino, M. E., Navaneethan, S. D., Perak, A. M., Roth, G. A., Samad, Z., Satou, G. M., Schroeder, E. B., Shah, S. H., Shay, C. M., Stokes, A., VanWagner, L. B., Wang, N.-Y., Tsao, C. W., & On behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee
ORCID: Virani, Salim S.
Aparicio, Hugo J.
Benjamin, Emelia J.
Callaway, Clifton W.
Carson, April P.
Chamberlain, Alanna M.
Cheng, Susan
Delling, Francesca N.
Elkind, Mitchell S.V.
Evenson, Kelly R.
Ferguson, Jane F.
Gupta, Deepak K.
Khan, Sadiya S.
Knutson, Kristen L.
Lee, Chong D.
Lewis, Tené T.
Liu, Junxiu
Loop, Matthew Shane
Lutsey, Pamela L.
Ma, Jun
Mackey, Jason
Martin, Seth S.
Matchar, David B.
Navaneethan, Sankar D.
Perak, Amanda Marma
Roth, Gregory A.
Samad, Zainab
Satou, Gary M.
Schroeder, Emily B.
Shah, Svati H.
Shay, Christina M.
Stokes, Andrew
VanWagner, Lisa B.
Wang, Nae-Yuh
Tsao, Connie W.
Venue: Circulation
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2021-02-23
Volume: 143
Issue: 8
Pages: e254-e743
ISSN: 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
1524-4539
DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000950
PMC: PMC13036842
OpenAlex: W3122226502
Cited by: 5,784
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 503 · 2025: 658 · 2024: 915 · 2023: 1282 · 2022: 1694 · 2021: 646
FWCI: 764.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Circulation (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
eCommons - AKU (Aga Khan University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R03HL145195, R01HL155717)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (L30 NS093634, R01NS017950)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Healthcare Systems and Public Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
Keywords: heart disease, stroke, cardiovascular disease statistics, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular health behaviors, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease, venous disease, peripheral arterial disease, quality of care, health care costs, social determinants of health, adverse pregnancy outcomes, cardiovascular disease prevention
MeSH terms: Global Burden of Disease, Diet, Healthy, American Heart Association, Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, Diabetes Mellitus, Heart Diseases, Hospitalization, Humans, Obesity, Risk Factors, Smoking, United States, Health Behavior, Exercise, Prevalence, Stroke

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