Cited by 5,784Cardiovascular Health and Risk FactorsHealthcare Systems and Public HealthHealth Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention

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Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

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Virani, Salim S., Alonso, Alvaro, Aparicio, Hugo J., Benjamin, Emelia J., Bittencourt, Marcio S., Callaway, Clifton W., Carson, April P., Chamberlain, Alanna M., Cheng, Susan, Delling, Francesca N., Elkind, Mitchell S.V., Evenson, Kelly R., Ferguson, Jane F., Gupta, Deepak K., Khan, Sadiya S., Kissela, Brett M., Knutson, Kristen L., Lee, Chong D., Lewis, Tené T., Liu, Junxiu, Loop, Matthew Shane, Lutsey, Pamela L., Ma, Jun, Mackey, Jason, Martin, Seth S., Matchar, David B., Mussolino, Michael E., Navaneethan, Sankar D., Perak, Amanda Marma, Roth, Gregory A., Samad, Zainab, Satou, Gary M., Schroeder, Emily B., Shah, Svati H., Shay, Christina M., Stokes, Andrew, VanWagner, Lisa B., Wang, Nae-Yuh, Tsao, Connie W., On behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee·2021·Circulation

DOI 10.1161/cir.0000000000000950PMC PMC13036842

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Abstract

Background: The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). Methods: The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2021 Statistical Update is the product of a full year’s worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year’s edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, adverse pregnancy outcomes, vascular contributions to brain health, the global burden of cardiovascular disease, and further evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors related to cardiovascular disease. Results: Each of the 27 chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. Conclusions: The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.

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Sutcu, G., Özçakar, L., Yalçın, A., & Kılınç, M. (2023) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2023.2203519 · Cited by 7
The use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction: new guidelines hot off the press and directly into guidelines!
Clark, K. A. A. (2023) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1093/postmj/qgad022 · Cited by 7
Blood pressure drops during hospitalization for acute heart failure treated with serelaxin: a patient-level analysis of 4 randomized controlled trials
Grand, J., Miger, K., Sajadieh, A., Køber, L., Torp-Pedersen, C., Ertl, G., López-Sendón, J., Pietro Maggioni, A., Teerlink, J. R., Sato, N., et al. (2022) · Circulation: Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.121.009199 · Cited by 6
Performance of PREVENT Cardiovascular Risk in Electronic Health Record–Based Clinical Practice
Hong, C., Niu, M., Wang, H.-Y., Wojdyla, D. M., Economou-Zavlanos, N. J., Engelhard, M., Pignone, M., Patel, M. R., & Pencina, M. (2026) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.6838 · Cited by 6
Potential cardioprotective and regenerative effects of the fluorinated benzothiazole derivative AS09 in the myocardial infarction-induced zebrafish.
Dharshan, S. S., Rao, S. M., Nayak, S., Ramamurthy, K., Murali, P., Palaniappan, S. M., Rajagopal, R., Alfarhan, A., Choi, K. C., Kumaradoss, K. M., et al. (2026) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2026.02.014 · Cited by 6
Total Cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein, and Glucose (CHG) index and risk of stroke in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults: a nationwide prospective cohort study
Wang, M., & Zhu, J. (2026) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-026-04647-5 · Cited by 7
“This damage can be confirmed by imaging within 24 h [1, 2].”
Gut microbiota: origin or panacea for all ills? Gut microbiota and systemic diseases
Colica, C., Vecchio, I., Aiello, E., Abenavoli, L., Scarlata, G. G. M., & Aiello, V. (2026) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2026.108299 · Cited by 6
Preclinical evidence and mechanistic insights of ligustilide in ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
An, H.-T., Guo, S.-H., Wang, W., Zheng, T., Jin, X.-F., Zhou, X.-H., & Gao, W. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1666207 · Cited by 6
Sex Differences in Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease Patterns
Ikeda, K., Munhoz, D., Brouwers, S., Sonck, J., Matsuo, H., Shinke, T., Ando, H., Ko, B., Biscaglia, S., Rivero, F., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American Heart Association : Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease · doi:10.1161/jaha.124.039496 · Cited by 6
Twenty-Five Years of Angina–Related Mortality in Elderly Adults Aged ≥ 65 Years: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Real-World Data from the USA
Hemida, M., Ibrahim, A., Goel, A., Hussein, M., Patel, K., Sarfraz, M., Alkasabrah, O. Y., Saghir, M., Karmani, K., Saghir, E., et al. (2025) · ASIDE Internal Medicine · doi:10.71079/aside.im.110925248 · Cited by 6
“While overall cardiovascular deaths had steadily declined for decades, recent evidence shows that these gains have plateaued in the past decade [9, 10].”
Dynapenic abdominal obesity and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Zhang, S., Hu, X., Liu, M., Jin, J., Liu, J., Li, G., Ou, Y., & Dong, H. (2025) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-025-03094-5 · Cited by 5
“The incidence of CVD and associated adverse outcomes has been proven to increase with age not only due to the accumulation of external risk factors but also the changes in body composition that related to the decline of various body function [2, 3].”
Self-citation
Trends and Disparities in Stroke Mortality Among Adults with Hyperlipidemia in the United States, 1999–2023
Ahmed, M., Shafiq, S. B., Razzak, J., Mansoor, K., Naveed, M., Ali, A., Faheem, M. S. B., Samadi, S., Chigurupati, H., & Neppala, S. (2025) · Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health · doi:10.1007/s44197-025-00453-3 · Cited by 6
“This means they face a higher risk of strokes at an earlier age [8].”
Association of Elevated Galectin-4 Concentrations with Obesity, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases
Kozak, K., & Zajkowska, M. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26199402 · Cited by 6
Cardiac adaptation to endurance exercise training requires suppression of GDF15 via PGC-1α
Khetarpal, S. A., Li, H., Vitale, T., Rhee, J., Challa, S. P., Castro, C., Pabel, S., Sun, Y., Liu, J., Laznik-Bogoslavski, D., et al. (2025) · Nature Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1038/s44161-025-00712-3 · Cited by 8
Self-citation
Reperfusion failure after successful thrombectomy of large vessel occlusion stroke: clinical and imaging evidence
Barbagallo, M., Zahn, M., Zimmermann, J., Klövekorn, R., Held, J., Németh, B., Reolon, B., Bellomo, J., Schwarz, A., Veerbeek, J., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1639880 · Cited by 6
CONNECT Platform to Increase Diverse Engagement and Enrollment in Cardiovascular Clinical Research: Rationale, Design, and Lessons Learned in Early Implementation
Miller, H. N., Wong, E., Byiringiro, S., Hussain, Z., Vazquez, M. G., Lewis-Land, C., Skelton, B., Curriero, S., Foster, A., Moghimi, F., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American Heart Association : Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease · doi:10.1161/jaha.124.038351 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Different Tenecteplase Doses With Alteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review With Pairwise and Network Meta‐Analysis to Determine the Optimal Dose
Waseem, M., Abideen, Z. U., Khan, M., Tahir, M. F., Khan, M., Raja, H., Cheema, A. H., Aimen, S., Tariq, M., & Iqbal, J. (2025) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.70756 · Cited by 6
“Ischemic stroke represents 87% of all strokes in the United States, whereas intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) make up 10% and 3%, respectively (Virani et al. 2021; Virani et al. 2020).”
eHealth Literacy and Participation in Remote Blood Pressure Monitoring Among Patients With Hypertension: Cross-Sectional Study
Eze, C. E., Dorsch, M. P., Coe, A., Lester, C., Buis, L., & Farris, K. B. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/71926 · Cited by 6
“With 47.3% adult population with hypertension in the United States in 2021 [29], using 5% type 1 error ( P =.05), the minimum sample size required to estimate participation in RBPM was 383 participants [30].”
Influential
Myocardial Infarction in Young Adults: A Case Series and Comprehensive Review of Molecular and Clinical Mechanisms
Tudurachi, B.-S., Anghel, L., Tudurachi, A., Zanfirescu, R.-L., Bîrgoan, S.-G., Sascău, R. A., & Stătescu, C. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15081065 · Cited by 9
Systemic immune-inflammation index and systemic inflammation response index levels are associated with coronary heart disease prevalence in the asthmatic population: a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES 2011–2018
Wu, X., Zhang, H.-Y., & Liu, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1514016 · Cited by 6
Right Ventricular Function and Its Association With Outcomes in Advanced Heart Failure
Steiger, K. G., Farooqui, N., Killian, J. M., Redfield, M. M., & Dunlay, S. M. (2025) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2024.12.014 · Cited by 7
Robust Data-Driven Design of a Smart Cardiac Arrest Response System
Liu, W.-L., Sun, Q., Tang, L.-O. C., & Ye, Z.-S. (2025) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.1177/10591478251350096 · Cited by 6
“The ﬁrst assumption is based on the observation that CPR rates initiated by bystander have been consistently low from 2006 to 2019 (Virani et al., 2021).”
Quantification of Breast Arterial Calcification in Mammograms Using a UNet-Based Deep Learning for Detecting Cardiovascular Disease.
Li, W., Zhang, Q., Black, D., Ding, H., Iribarren, C., Shojazadeh, A., & Molloi, S. (2025) · Academic Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.acra.2025.05.036 · Cited by 6
Impact of Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio on Long-term Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Xie, Y.-Y., Chen, H., Wang, Z., He, H., Xu, Y., Liu, L., & Zheng, J.-G. (2025) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/00033197251333216 · Cited by 6
Efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in acute heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Rahil, A., Bhavsar, T., Fatima, R., Rajkumar, A., Kumar, J., Majidan, H. A., Gajjala, N., LEFRANC, W., Deeksha, F., Lingegowda, H., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2025.1543153 · Cited by 11
Evolution of Research on Artificial Intelligence for Heart Failure: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis
Meng, L., Lian, K., Zhang, J., Li, L., & Hu, Z. (2025) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s525739 · Cited by 8
Left Ventricular Longitudinal Strain Detects Ischemic Dysfunction at Rest, Reflecting Significant Coronary Artery Disease
Koulaouzidis, G., Kleitsioti, P., Kalaitzoglou, M., Tzimos, C., Charisopoulou, D., Theodorou, P., Bostanitis, I., Tsaousidis, A., Tzalamouras, V., Giannakopoulou, P., et al. (2025) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics15091102 · Cited by 6
Shexiang Baoxin Pill alleviates atherosclerosis by inhibiting macrophage-mediated inflammation via suppressing KMT5A mediated Irf7 transcription.
Cheng, S., Luo, W., Zhang, Z., Li, J., Li, X., Wang, Y.-D., Weng, X.-Y., & Dong, Z. (2025) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2025.119833 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
The impact of power outages on cardiovascular hospitalizations among Medicare Fee-for-Service enrollees in New York State, 2017–2018
Do, V., McBrien, H., Edmondson, D., Kioumourtzoglou, M., & Casey, J. A. (2025) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000001853 · Cited by 6
“29 Understanding the impact of power outages on CVD outcomes is crucial.”
Trends in Cardiac Arrest Among Heart Failure Patients Aged 25 and Older in the United States: Insights from the CDC WONDER Database: Cardiac Arrest Mortality Trends in Heart Failure.
Muhammad, A. N., Neppala, S., Chigurupati, H., Ali, A., Rehan, M., Kapaganti, S., Iqbal, R., Ahmed, M., Sattar, Y., Rana, J. S., et al. (2025) · American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2025.03.001 · Cited by 6
Decoding interaction between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in ischemic myocardial injury: targeting natural medicines
Zhang, C.-X., Chang, X., Zhao, D., He, Y., Dong, G., & Gao, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1536773 · Cited by 6
A Review of Racial Differences and Disparities in ECG
Zheng, J., Ani, C., Abudayyeh, I., Zheng, Y., Rakovski, C. S., Yaghmaei, E., & Ogunyemi, O. I. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22030337 · Cited by 9
Temporal Trends in Vascular Risk Factor Burden Among Young Adults With Ischemic Stroke
Shoskes, A., Zhou, L.-L., Ying, H., Gardener, H., Alkhachroum, A. M., Yin, R., Perue, G. G., Rose, D. Z., Jameson, A., Bustillo, A., et al. (2025) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000213447 · Cited by 6
Prevalence of sensory impairments and its contribution to functional disability in individuals with acute stroke: A cross-sectional study.
Bastos, V. S., Faria, C., Faria-Fortini, I., & Scianni, A. (2025) · Revue neurologique (Paris) · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2024.12.001 · Cited by 6
Biomedical applications of the engineered AIEgen-lipid nanostructure in vitro and in vivo
Suo, M., Zhang, T., & Liang, X. (2024) · Progress in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1088/2516-1091/ad9aeb · Cited by 4
“In addition to cancer, non-oncological diseases, including e.g. neurodegenerative diseases [90], cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [91], inflammatory diseases [92], infectious diseases [93], and a variety of rare diseases are also major public health concerns.”
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Assessing the Accuracy of Blood Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Ischemic Stroke in Adult and Elderly Populations
Ruksakulpiwat, S., Zhou, W., Phianhasin, L., Benjasirisan, C., Su, T., Aldossary, H. M., Kudlowitz, A., Challa, A. K., Li, J., & Praditukrit, K. (2024) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0302-24.2024 · Cited by 8
“According to the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, ischemic stroke (IS) is the most prevalent stroke incident, accounting for roughly 80% of all strokes (Virani et al., 2021).”
A Neutrophil Extracellular Traps-Related Gene Trait Revealed the Prospective Therapy Strategy of Coronary Atherosclerosis
Li, Z.-T., Zhao, W.-S., Ji, W., Li, Z.-S., Wang, K., & Jiang, T. (2024) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s489847 · Cited by 6
“Transcription and translation of MPO and peptidearginine deaminase 4 (PAD4), PAD4 into the nucleus, and nuclear histones are citrullinated by PAD4, resulting in changes in chromatin charge that promote chromatin deconden-sation.”
Cardiometabolic characteristics of weight cycling: results from a mid‐South regional comprehensive health care system
Swartz, A. Z., Wood, K., Farber‐Eger, E. H., Petty, A. S., & Silver, H. J. (2024) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.24163 · Cited by 6
“Although relationships between obesity and adverse health outcomes, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), have been well established [ 1, 2], 50% to 80% of individuals who lose weight gain it back within 5 years [ 3 – 5].”
Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and the severity of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease: a retrospective study
Li, J., Li, Z., & Yang, Q. (2024) · Acta Cardiologica · doi:10.1080/00015385.2024.2413737 · Cited by 6
“As a result, CAD is becoming a severe threat to public health [1].”
Vascular smooth muscle cells can be circumferentially aligned inside a channel using tunable gelatin microribbons
Mastoor, Y., Karimi, M., Sun, M., Ahadi, F., Mathieu, P. S., Fan, M., Han, L., Han, L., & Clyne, A. M. (2024) · Biofabrication · doi:10.1088/1758-5090/ad88a7 · Cited by 6
“Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally [1].”
Evaluation of Fibroblast Activation Protein Expression Using68Ga-FAPI46 PET in Hypertension-Induced Tissue Changes
Byun, J. W., Paeng, J. C., Kim, Y. J., Lee, S., Lee, Y., Choi, H., Kang, K. W., & Cheon, G. J. (2024) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.124.267489 · Cited by 7
“A recent survey revealed that the prevalence of hypertension in the United States exceeds 100 million, with estimated annual health care costs of over $50 billion ( 4 ).”
Prevalence and prognostic role of hypochloremia in patients with acute heart failure in Ethiopia: A single-center retrospective analysis
Solela, G. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0310251 · Cited by 6
Evaluation of the Atherogenic Index of Plasma to Predict All-Cause Mortality in Elderly With Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Long-Term Follow-Up
Ser, Ö. S., Keskin, K., Cetinkal, G., Koçaş, B. B., Kilci, H., Kalender, E., Dolap, F., Geçit, T. C., Kocas, C., & Kılıçkesmez, K. (2024) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/00033197241279587 · Cited by 6
Design and Modeling of a Compact Spooling Mechanism for the COAST Guidewire Robot
Brumfiel, T., Grinberg, J., Siopongco, B., & Desai, J. (2024) · IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters · doi:10.1109/lra.2024.3447466 · Cited by 6
“In the United States alone, CVDs remain the leading cause of death with approximately 49.2% of adults being affected by them [2].”
BackgroundInfluential
Plant-Based Diets and Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults: An Integrative Literature Review
VanCleef, T. R., & Hutchens, A. (2024) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/10998004241268287 · Cited by 8
“Even a slightly elevated cholesterol level can lead to CVD in later years, meaning older adults are most at-risk for CVD (Virani et al., 2021) and thus, the focus of this review.”
Runx1 promotes neuronal injury in ischemic stroke through mediating miR-203-3p/Pde4d axis
Deng, Y., & Sun, S.-L. (2024) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2024.2373914 · Cited by 6
“Ischemic stroke (IS) refers to the cerebrovascular in specific areas of the brain blocked due to thrombosis or embolism, accounting for about 88% of all stroke patients (1).”
Derivation and external validation of a portable method to identify patients with pulmonary embolism from radiology reports: The READ-PE algorithm
Christensen, M. A., Stubblefield, W., Wang, G., Altheimer, A., Ouadah, S. J., Birrenkott, D., Peters, G. A., Prucnal, C., Harshbarger, S., Chang, K. E., et al. (2024) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2024.109105 · Cited by 6
Association between Life’s Essential 8 and rheumatoid arthritis
Liu, F.-Z., Liu, F.-H., & Wang, H. (2024) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-024-07036-w · Cited by 6
“It has been demonstrated that LS7, encompassing seven essential health behaviors and factors, is closely associated with improved CVD-free survival and overall longevity [7, 9].”
ACTIVATION OF KLOTHO/SIRT1 SIGNALING PATHWAY ATTENUATES MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY IN DIABETIC RATS
Qiu, Z., Qi, B., Li, L., Cui, J.-H., Liu, M., & Xia, Z.-Y. (2024) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000002418 · Cited by 6
“These results suggested that the MIR vulnerability of diabetic rats was significantly exacerbated compared with normal rats, which is consistent with previous research (3,5).”
Perioperative Hyper-coagulation and Thrombosis: Cost Analysis After Congenital Heart Surgery
Dutta, P., Nathan, M., Emani, S., Emani, S., & Ibla, J. C. (2024) · Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00246-024-03554-1 · Cited by 6
“[10] Few studies have examined the cost of thrombosis specifically among pediatric patients with hyperfibrinogenemia undergoing congenital heart surgery.”
Influential
Projected Health and Economic Burden of Comorbid Gout and Chronic Kidney Disease in a Virtual US Population: A Microsimulation Study
Card-Gowers, J., Retat, L., Kumar, A., Marder, B. A., Padnick-Silver, L., LaMoreaux, B., & Webber, L. (2024) · Rheumatology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40744-024-00681-2 · Cited by 6
Discovery of BMS-986308: A Renal Outer Medullary Potassium Channel Inhibitor for the Treatment of Heart Failure.
Richter, J. M., Gunaga, P., Yadav, N., Bora, R. O., Bhide, R. S., Rajugowda, N., Govindrajulu, K., Godesi, S., Akuthota, N., Rao, P., et al. (2024) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00893 · Cited by 6
Structural, angiogenic, and immune responses influencing myocardial regeneration: a glimpse into the crucible
Baccouche, B. M., Elde, S., Wang, H., & Woo, Y. (2024) · npj Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41536-024-00357-z · Cited by 6
Sex-specific cardiovascular remodeling leads to a divergent sex-dependent development of heart failure in aged hypertensive rats
Kovács, Á., Zhazykbayeva, S., Herwig, M., Fülöp, G., Csípő, T., Oláh, N., Hassoun, R., Budde, H., Osman, H., Kaçmaz, M., et al. (2024) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-024-01160-w · Cited by 6
“In addition, the mortality of HF increases at all ages with comorbidities [3].”
Background
Temporal trends in the prevalence and death of ischemic heart disease in women of childbearing age from 1990 to 2019: a multilevel analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Hu, B., Wang, Y., Chen, D., Feng, J., Fan, Y., & Hou, L.-L. (2024) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2024.1366832 · Cited by 6
Identification of necroptosis-related diagnostic biomarkers in coronary heart disease
You, H., & Han, W. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30269 · Cited by 7
“Frequent risk factors for CHD have been described, ranging from hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, smoking, lack of exercise, and familial inheritance [4].”
Background
Endovascular aortic occlusion improves return of spontaneous circulation after longer periods of cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A translational study in pigs
Siemieniak, S., Greiving, T., Shepard, N., Rall, J. M., & Nowadly, C. (2024) · Resuscitation Plus · doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100603 · Cited by 6
Development of prognostic models for predicting 90-day neurological function and mortality after cardiac arrest.
Ding, G., Kuang, A.-L., Zhou, Z.-B., Lin, Y., & Chen, Y. (2024) · American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2024.02.022 · Cited by 6
Heart failure: a major public health problem.
Daubert, C. (2024) · Presse medicale · doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2024.104224 · Cited by 6
Modulating Mitochondrial Dynamics Mitigates Cognitive Impairment in Rats with Myocardial Infarction
Jinawong, K., Piamsiri, C., Apaijai, N., Maneechote, C., Arunsak, B., Nawara, W., Thonusin, C., Pintana, H., Chattipakorn, N., & Chattipakorn, S. (2024) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x22666240131114913 · Cited by 6
Post-sternotomy movement strategies in adults: a scoping review.
Wiens, K., Hayden, K. A., Park, L., Colwell, S., Coltman, C., & King-Shier, K. K. (2024) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1093/eurjcn/zvad109 · Cited by 6
Nomogram for Risk of Secondary Venous Thromboembolism in Stroke Patients: A Study Based on the MIMIC-IV Database
Lan, F.-L., Liu, T.-Q., Guan, C.-L., Lin, Y., Lin, Z., Zhang, H., Qi, X., Chen, X., & Huang, J.-L. (2024) · Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis · doi:10.1177/10760296241254104 · Cited by 6
Cost–effectiveness of sotagliflozin for the treatment of patients with diabetes and recent worsening heart failure
Kim, J., Wang, S.-S., Sikirica, S., & Shafrin, J. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.57264/cer-2023-0190 · Cited by 6
“The prevalence of heart failure in USA is estimated to be 6.7 million, or about 2.3%, causing approximately 84,000 deaths annually [1] .”
BackgroundInfluential
Accelerometer vs. other activity measures in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the VITALITY‐HFpEF trial
Butler, J., Khan, M. S., Gąsior, T., Erickson, T., Vlajnic, V., Kramer, F., Blaustein, R. O., Goldsbury, D., Roessig, L., Lam, C. S. P., et al. (2023) · ESC Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ehf2.14572 · Cited by 6
PEA-Net: A progressive edge information aggregation network for vessel segmentation
Chen, S., Fan, J.-F., Ding, Y., Geng, H.-X., Ai, D.-N., Xiao, D., Song, H., Wang, Y.-N., & Yang, J. (2023) · Comput. Biol. Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107766 · Cited by 6
Endothelial glycocalyx sensitivity to chemical and mechanical sub-endothelial substrate properties
Hamrangsekachaee, M., Wen, K., Yazdani, N., Willits, R., Bencherif, S., & Ebong, E. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1250348 · Cited by 6
Outcomes of patients with early calcific aortic valve disease detected by clinically indicated echocardiography
Moore, M. K., Jones, G., Whalley, G., Prendergast, B., Williams, M. J. A., & Coffey, S. (2023) · European Heart Journal-Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1093/ehjci/jead259 · Cited by 6
Deep Learning Models for Arrhythmia Classification Using Stacked Time-frequency Scalogram Images from ECG Signals
Aarotale, P. N., & Rattani, A. (2023) · 2023 Computing in Cardiology (CinC) · doi:10.22489/cinc.2023.350 · Cited by 6
“5% of people over the age of 20 in the USA alone [1].”
Background
Addressing Barriers for Women with Advanced Heart Failure
Oliveros, E., Giraldo, C. S., Hall, J., Tinuoye, E. O., Rodríguez, M. J., Gallego, C., & Contreras, J. (2023) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-023-01946-y · Cited by 6
“Black women in particular appear to have the highest prevalence of HFrEF [8, 13, 14].”
Background
Development, validation, and visualization of a novel nomogram to predict stroke risk in patients
Wu, C.-X., Xu, Z., Wang, Q.-Z., Zhu, S.-P., Li, M., & Tang, C.-L. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1200810 · Cited by 6
“Related studies were in line with our study and suggested that lower income was strongly related to stroke occurrence and its risk factors, including hypertension and smoking (Virani et al., 2021).”
Result
Colchicine efficacy comparison at varying time points in the peri-operative period for coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Wei, Z., Lai, J., Li, Y.-T., Yu, X.-Y., Liu, Y.-H., Hu, J., Gao, B.-B., & Wu, J.-G. (2023) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1156980 · Cited by 6
Genes, environment, and African ancestry in cardiometabolic disorders
Doumatey, A. P., Bentley, A. R., Akinyemi, R., Olanrewaju, T. O., Adeyemo, A., & Rotimi, C. N. (2023) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2023.07.007 · Cited by 9
Hypomethylation of ABCG1 in peripheral blood as a potential marker for the detection of coronary heart disease
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“Gender differences exist in the prevalence and mortality of CHD [42].”
Background
Addressing Cardiovascular Risk Across the Arc of a Woman’s Life: Sex-Specific Prevention and Treatment
Verghese, D., Muller, L., & Velamakanni, S. V. (2023) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-023-01923-5 · Cited by 10
Effect of a Hospital-To-Home Transitional Intervention Based on an Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior for Adult Patients with Stroke
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“Importantly, mounting evidence demonstrates that endothelial cell senescence contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease 6,8 , the leading cause of death 9,10 .”
Circulating miR-183-5p levels are positively associated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease
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The Scope of Practice for Primary Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Expanded to Advanced Practice Providers: What Does the Data Show?
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Therapeutic review: The role of tranexamic acid in management of traumatic brain injury, nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage, and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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The role of exercise in improving hyperlipidemia-renal injuries induced by a high-fat diet: a literature review
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Multi-Drug Cocktail Therapy Improves Survival and Neurological Function after Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest in Rodents
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“Previous studies have evaluated the efficacy of single agents, such as Szeto–Schiller peptide-31 (SS-31) [32], salubrinal [56], or cyclosporine A [16], or combined pharmaceutical agents, such as ATP-MgCl2, norepinephrine, and vanadate, or ethanol-epinephrine-vasopressin (HBN-1), or argonxenon [2,15,34,57] to provide s…”
Background
Unsupervised Machine Learning Identifies Symptoms of Indigestion as a Predictor of Acute Decompensation and Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients with Heart Failure Presenting to the Emergency Department
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Self-citation
Characteristics of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Riyadh province, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Almiro, A., Alqassab, O., Alzeidan, R., Binhaddab, A. S., Alkhorisi, A., Almalki, H. A., Ghouthalsayd, M. A., Kashour, T., Hersi, A., & Alqarawi, W. (2023) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1192795 · Cited by 6
Clinical Utility of the Cardiorespiratory Optimal Point in Patients with Heart Failure
Kroesen, S. H., Bakker, E. A., Snoek, J. A., van Kimmenade, R. R. J., Molinger, J., de Araújo, C. G. S., Hopman, M. T. E., & Eijsvogels, T. M. H. (2023) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003206 · Cited by 7
“Patient characteristics Age, yr 67 (58–74) 70 (63–77) 69 (61–75) 59 (51–67) Sex (female), n (%) 82 (30) 22 (25) 28 (31) 29 (33) BMI, kg·m 29 ± 5 27 ± 4 29 ± 5 30 ± 6 Current smoker, n (%) 33 (12) 9 (10) 11 (12) 10 (11) Diabetes mellitus, n (%) 71 (26) 28 (31) 23 (26) 15 (17) COPD, n (%) 34 (12) 18 (20) 12 (13) 3 (3) H…”
Background

Authors: Virani, S. S., Alonso, A., Aparicio, H. J., Benjamin, E. J., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Cheng, S., Delling, F. N., Elkind, M. S. V., Evenson, K. R., Ferguson, J. F., Gupta, D. K., Khan, S. S., Kissela, B. M., Knutson, K. L., Lee, C. D., Lewis, T. T., Liu, J., Loop, M. S., Lutsey, P. L., Ma, J., Mackey, J., Martin, S. S., Matchar, D. B., Mussolino, M. E., Navaneethan, S. D., Perak, A. M., Roth, G. A., Samad, Z., Satou, G. M., Schroeder, E. B., Shah, S. H., Shay, C. M., Stokes, A., VanWagner, L. B., Wang, N.-Y., Tsao, C. W., & On behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee
ORCID: Virani, Salim S.
Aparicio, Hugo J.
Benjamin, Emelia J.
Callaway, Clifton W.
Carson, April P.
Chamberlain, Alanna M.
Cheng, Susan
Delling, Francesca N.
Elkind, Mitchell S.V.
Evenson, Kelly R.
Ferguson, Jane F.
Gupta, Deepak K.
Khan, Sadiya S.
Knutson, Kristen L.
Lee, Chong D.
Lewis, Tené T.
Liu, Junxiu
Loop, Matthew Shane
Lutsey, Pamela L.
Ma, Jun
Mackey, Jason
Martin, Seth S.
Matchar, David B.
Navaneethan, Sankar D.
Perak, Amanda Marma
Roth, Gregory A.
Samad, Zainab
Satou, Gary M.
Schroeder, Emily B.
Shah, Svati H.
Shay, Christina M.
Stokes, Andrew
VanWagner, Lisa B.
Wang, Nae-Yuh
Tsao, Connie W.
Venue: Circulation
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2021-02-23
Volume: 143
Issue: 8
Pages: e254-e743
ISSN: 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
1524-4539
DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000950
PMC: PMC13036842
OpenAlex: W3122226502
Cited by: 5,784
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 503 · 2025: 658 · 2024: 915 · 2023: 1282 · 2022: 1694 · 2021: 646
FWCI: 764.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Circulation (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
eCommons - AKU (Aga Khan University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R03HL145195, R01HL155717)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (L30 NS093634, R01NS017950)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Healthcare Systems and Public Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
Keywords: heart disease, stroke, cardiovascular disease statistics, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular health behaviors, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease, venous disease, peripheral arterial disease, quality of care, health care costs, social determinants of health, adverse pregnancy outcomes, cardiovascular disease prevention
MeSH terms: Global Burden of Disease, Diet, Healthy, American Heart Association, Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, Diabetes Mellitus, Heart Diseases, Hospitalization, Humans, Obesity, Risk Factors, Smoking, United States, Health Behavior, Exercise, Prevalence, Stroke

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Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

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