Cited by 1,952Acute Ischemic Stroke ManagementCardiovascular Health and Risk FactorsCerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 310 of the 315 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Stroke Risk Factors, Genetics, and Prevention

Open access

Boehme, Amelia K., Esenwa, Charles, Elkind, Mitchell S.V.·2017·Circulation Research

DOI 10.1161/circresaha.116.308398PMC PMC5321635

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Stroke is a heterogeneous syndrome, and determining risk factors and treatment depends on the specific pathogenesis of stroke. Risk factors for stroke can be categorized as modifiable and nonmodifiable. Age, sex, and race/ethnicity are nonmodifiable risk factors for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, while hypertension, smoking, diet, and physical inactivity are among some of the more commonly reported modifiable risk factors. More recently described risk factors and triggers of stroke include inflammatory disorders, infection, pollution, and cardiac atrial disorders independent of atrial fibrillation. Single-gene disorders may cause rare, hereditary disorders for which stroke is a primary manifestation. Recent research also suggests that common and rare genetic polymorphisms can influence risk of more common causes of stroke, due to both other risk factors and specific stroke mechanisms, such as atrial fibrillation. Genetic factors, particularly those with environmental interactions, may be more modifiable than previously recognized. Stroke prevention has generally focused on modifiable risk factors. Lifestyle and behavioral modification, such as dietary changes or smoking cessation, not only reduces stroke risk, but also reduces the risk of other cardiovascular diseases. Other prevention strategies include identifying and treating medical conditions, such as hypertension and diabetes, that increase stroke risk. Recent research into risk factors and genetics of stroke has not only identified those at risk for stroke but also identified ways to target at-risk populations for stroke prevention.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1161/circresaha.116.308398

Cites

310 of 310 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

2 retracted

RETRACTED: Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet
Estruch, R., Ros, E., Salas-Salvadó, J., Covas, M.-I., Corella, D., Arós, F., Gómez-Gracia, E., Ruiz-Gutiérrez, V., Fiol, M., Lapetra, J., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1200303 · Cited by 4,257
Retracted
Retraction and Republication: Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet. N Engl J Med 2013;368:1279-90.
Estruch, R., Ros, E., Salas-Salvadó, J., Covas, M.-I., Corella, D., Arós, F., Gómez-Gracia, E., Ruiz-Gutiérrez, V., Fiol, M., Lapetra, J., et al. (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc1806491 · Cited by 1,008
Retracted
The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure<SUBTITLE>The JNC 7 Report</SUBTITLE>
Chobanian, A. V. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.19.2560 · Cited by 25,386
Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment.
Adams, H. P., Bendixen, B. H., Kappelle, L. J., Biller, J., Love, B. B., Gordon, D., & Marsh, E. E. (1993) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.24.1.35 · Cited by 12,350
Aspirin plus Clopidogrel as Secondary Prevention after Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Zhang, Q., Wang, C., Zheng, M., Li, Y., Li, J., Zhang, L., Shang, X., & Yan, C. (2014) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000369778 · Cited by 11,609
Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation
Connolly, S. J., Ezekowitz, M. D., Yusuf, S., Eikelboom, J., Oldgren, J., Parekh, A., Pogue, J., Reilly, P. A., Themeles, E., Varrone, J., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0905561 · Cited by 11,215
Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies
(2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11911-8 · Cited by 10,266
Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Patel, M. R., Mahaffey, K. W., Garg, J., Pan, G., Singer, D. E., Hacke, W., Breithardt, G., Halperin, J. L., Hankey, G. J., Piccini, J. P., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1009638 · Cited by 9,430
Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation
Granger, C. B., Alexander, J. H., McMurray, J. J. V., Lopes, R. D., Hylek, E. M., Hanna, M., Al-Khalidi, H. R., Ansell, J., Atar, D., Avezum, A., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1107039 · Cited by 8,943
Beneficial Effect of Carotid Endarterectomy in Symptomatic Patients with High-Grade Carotid Stenosis
(1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199108153250701 · Cited by 8,368
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Tsao, C. W., Aday, A. W., Almarzooq, Z. I., Anderson, C. A. M., Arora, P., Avery, C. L., Baker-Smith, C. M., Beaton, A. Z., Boehme, A. K., Buxton, A. E., et al. (2023) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001123 · Cited by 8,300
Self-citation
2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: Report From the Panel Members Appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8)
James, P. A., Oparil, S., Carter, B. L., Cushman, W. C., Dennison-Himmelfarb, C., Handler, J., Lackland, D. T., LeFevre, M. L., MacKenzie, T. D., Ogedegbe, O., et al. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2013.284427 · Cited by 7,950
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes
Holman, R. R., Paul, S. K., Bethel, M. A., Matthews, D. R., & Neil, H. A. W. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0806470 · Cited by 7,751
MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20 536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebocontrolled trial
(2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09327-3 · Cited by 6,992
Refining Clinical Risk Stratification for Predicting Stroke and Thromboembolism in Atrial Fibrillation Using a Novel Risk Factor-Based Approach
Lip, G. Y. H., Nieuwlaat, R., Pisters, R., Lane, D. A., & Crijns, H. J. G. M. (2010) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.09-1584 · Cited by 6,879
Intravenous Fluids and Acute Kidney Injury
Ding, X., Cheng, Z., & Qian, Q. (2017) · Blood Purification · doi:10.1159/000452702 · Cited by 6,868
Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90 056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins
(2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67394-1 · Cited by 6,848
Rosuvastatin to Prevent Vascular Events in Men and Women with Elevated C-Reactive Protein
Ridker, P. M., Danielson, E., Fonseca, F. A. H., Genest, J., Gotto, A. M., Kastelein, J. J. P., Koenig, W., Libby, P., Lorenzatti, A. J., MacFadyen, J. G., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0807646 · Cited by 6,674
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E. J., Go, A. S., Arnett, D. K., Blaha, M. J., Cushman, M., Das, S. R., de Ferranti, S., Després, J.-P., Fullerton, H. J., et al. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000350 · Cited by 6,596
Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170 000 participants in 26 randomised trials
Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaboration (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61350-5 · Cited by 6,550
A Randomized Trial of Intensive versus Standard Blood-Pressure Control
The SPRINT Research Group (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1511939 · Cited by 6,325
2011 Compendium of Physical Activities: A Second Update of Codes and MET Values
AINSWORTH, B. E., HASKELL, W. L., HERRMANN, S. D., MECKES, N., BASSETT, D. R., TUDOR-LOCKE, C., GREER, J. L., VEZINA, J., WHITT-GLOVER, M. C., & LEON, A. S. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31821ece12 · Cited by 6,317
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2011 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Roger, V. L., Go, A. S., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Adams, R. J., Berry, J. D., Brown, T. M., Carnethon, M. R., Dai, S., de Simone, G., Ford, E. S., et al. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182009701 · Cited by 6,149
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2015 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E. J., Go, A. S., Arnett, D. K., Blaha, M. J., Cushman, M., de Ferranti, S., Després, J.-P., Fullerton, H. J., Howard, V. J., et al. (2015) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000152 · Cited by 5,797
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Go, A. S., Mozaffarian, D., Roger, V. L., Benjamin, E. J., Berry, J. D., Borden, W. B., Bravata, D. M., Dai, S., Ford, E. S., Fox, C. S., et al. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e31828124ad · Cited by 5,292
Guidelines for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Kernan, W. N., Ovbiagele, B., Black, H. R., Bravata, D. M., Chimowitz, M. I., Ezekowitz, M. D., Fang, M. C., Fisher, M., Furie, K. L., Heck, D. V., et al. (2014) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000024 · Cited by 5,170
Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation
Giugliano, R. P., Ruff, C. T., Braunwald, E., Murphy, S. A., Wiviott, S. D., Halperin, J. L., Waldo, A. L., Ezekowitz, M. D., Weitz, J. I., Špinar, J., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1310907 · Cited by 5,164
Validation of Clinical Classification Schemes for Predicting Stroke: Results From the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation
Gage, B. F., Waterman, A. D., Shannon, W., Boechler, M., Rich, M. W., & Radford, M. J. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.22.2864 · Cited by 4,832
Isolated Hand Paresis: A Case Series
Alstadhaug, K. B., & Sjulstad, A. S. (2013) · Cerebrovascular Diseases Extra · doi:10.1159/000350708 · Cited by 4,090
Inflammation in Atherosclerosis
Libby, P. (2012) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.108.179705 · Cited by 3,796
Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials
(2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60503-1 · Cited by 3,675
Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality in type 2 diabetes
Gæde, P., Lund-Andersen, H., Parving, H.-H., & Pedersen, O. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0706245 · Cited by 3,465 · cited 1×
“use of combined behavioral modification and medical therapy in diabetics has been shown to reduce the risk of stroke.(77,78)”
Method
Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case-control study
O'Donnell, M. J., Xavier, D., Liu, L., Zhang, H., Chin, S. L., Rao-Melacini, P., Rangarajan, S., Islam, S., Pais, P., McQueen, M. J., et al. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60834-3 · Cited by 3,448
Prevalence of Hypertension in the US Adult Population: Results From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991
Burt, V. L., Whelton, P., Roccella, E. J., Brown, C., Cutler, J. A., Higgins, M., Horan, M. J., & Labarthe, D. (1995) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.25.3.305 · Cited by 2,998
High-Dose Atorvastatin after Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
The Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) Investigators (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa061894 · Cited by 2,887
Worldwide stroke incidence and early case fatality reported in 56 population-based studies: a systematic review
Feigin, V. L., Lawes, C. M., Bennett, D. A., Barker-Collo, S. L., & Parag, V. (2009) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70025-0 · Cited by 2,855
Clopidogrel and Aspirin versus Aspirin Alone for the Prevention of Atherothrombotic Events
Bhatt, D. L., Fox, K. A. A., Hacke, W., Berger, P. B., Black, H. R., Boden, W. E., Cacoub, P., Cohen, E. A., Creager, M. A., Easton, J. D., et al. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa060989 · Cited by 2,819
Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies
Law, M. R., Morris, J. K., & Wald, N. J. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b1665 · Cited by 2,775
Incidence, case fatality, and functional outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage over time, according to age, sex, and ethnic origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis
van Asch, C. J. J., Luitse, M. J. A., Rinkel, G. J. E., van der Tweel, I., Algra, A., & Klijn, C. J. M. (2010) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70340-0 · Cited by 2,676
Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Meschia, J. F., Bushnell, C., Boden-Albala, B., Braun, L. T., Bravata, D. M., Chaturvedi, S., Creager, M. A., Eckel, R. H., Elkind, M. S. V., Fornage, M., et al. (2014) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000046 · Cited by 2,650
Self-citation
C-reactive protein concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis
(2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61717-7 · Cited by 2,546
Prevention of disabling and fatal strokes by successful carotid endarterectomy in patients without recent neurological symptoms: randomised controlled trial
Halliday, A. W., Mansfield, A. O., Marro, J., Peto, C., Peto, R., Potter, J. F., & Thomas, D. J. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16146-1 · Cited by 2,497
Mediterranean diet pyramid: a cultural model for healthy eating
Willett, W., Sacks, F., Trichopoulou, A., Drescher, G., Ferro-Luzzi, A., Helsing, E., & Trichopoulos, D. (1995) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/61.6.1402s · Cited by 2,461
2013 AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
Eckel, R. H., Jakicic, J. M., Ard, J. D., de Jesus, J. M., Miller, N. H., Hubbard, V. S., Lee, I.-M., Lichtenstein, A. H., Loria, C. M., Millen, B. E., et al. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000437740.48606.d1 · Cited by 2,261
US trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, 1988–2008
Egan, B. M. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.650 · Cited by 2,197
Effect of clopidogrel added to aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation
The ACTIVE Investigators (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0901301 · Cited by 2,102
Stenting versus Aggressive Medical Therapy for Intracranial Arterial Stenosis
Chimowitz, M. I., Lynn, M., Derdeyn, C. P., Turan, T. N., Fiorella, D., Lane, B. F., Janis, L. S., Lutsep, H. L., Barnwell, S. L., Waters, M. F., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1105335 · Cited by 1,901
Prospective Randomized Evaluation of the Watchman Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Versus Long-Term Warfarin Therapy
Holmes, D. R., Kar, S., Price, M. J., Whisenant, B. K., Sievert, H., Doshi, S. K., Huber, K., & Reddy, V. Y. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.029 · Cited by 1,874
PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, RANDOMISED TRIAL OF WARFARIN AND ASPIRIN FOR PREVENTION OF THROMBOEMBOLIC COMPLICATIONS IN CHRONIC ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Petersen, P., GODTFREDSEN, J., Boysen, G., Andersen, E. D., & Andersen, B. (1989) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91200-2 · Cited by 1,814
Prognostic significance of visit-to-visit variability, maximum systolic blood pressure, and episodic hypertension
Rothwell, P. M., Howard, S. C., Dolan, E., O'Brien, E., Dobson, J. E., Dahlöf, B., Sever, P. S., & Poulter, N. R. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60308-x · Cited by 1,784 · cited 1×
“trials of patients with hypertension, previous stroke, or previous transient ischemic attack, found that variability in 2 to 10 blood pressure measures over ≈2 years is a risk factor for stroke, independent of mean blood pressure.(71) The measure of blood pressure variability may serve as an indication of the absence…”
Background
Probability of stroke: a risk profile from the Framingham Study.
Wolf, P. A., D'Agostino, R. B., Belanger, A. J., & Kannel, W. B. (1991) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.22.3.312 · Cited by 1,782 · cited 1×
“bling the risk with a dose–response relationship between pack-years and stroke risk.(15,143) It is estimated that smoking contributes to ≈15% of all stroke deaths per year.”
Background
Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study. Final results.
Prevention, S., & Atrial Fibrillation Investigators (1991) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.84.2.527 · Cited by 1,696
Cerebrovascular accidents in sickle cell disease: rates and risk factors.
(1998) · PubMed · doi:10.1182/blood.v91.1.288 · Cited by 1,694
Appendage obliteration to reduce stroke in cardiac surgical patients with atrial fibrillation
Blackshear, J. L., & Odell, J. A. (1996) · The Annals of Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/0003-4975(95)00887-x · Cited by 1,686
Making sense of latent TGFβ activation
Annes, J. P., Munger, J. S., & Rifkin, D. B. (2002) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.00229 · Cited by 1,624
Salt intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of prospective studies
Strazzullo, P., D'Elia, L., Kandala, N.-B., & Cappuccio, F. P. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b4567 · Cited by 1,580
Executive Summary: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2012 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Writing Group Members, Roger, V. L., Go, A. S., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Benjamin, E. J., Berry, J. D., Borden, W. B., Bravata, D. M., Dai, S., Ford, E. S., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182456d46 · Cited by 1,512
Residual Lifetime Risk for Developing Hypertension in Middle-aged Women and Men
Vasan, R. S., Beiser, A., Seshadri, S. S., Larson, M. G., Kannel, W. B., D’Agostino, R. B., & Levy, D. A. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.8.1003 · Cited by 1,403
Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke after Acute Infection or Vaccination
Smeeth, L. L., Thomas, S. L., Hall, A. J., Hubbard, R., Farrington, P., & Vallance, P. J. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa041747 · Cited by 1,375
Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk by Use of Multiple-Risk-Factor Assessment Equations: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology
Grundy, S. M., Pasternak, R., Greenland, P., Smith, S., & Fuster, V. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.100.13.1481 · Cited by 1,315
Dietary Approaches to Prevent and Treat Hypertension: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Appel, L. J., Brands, M. W., Daniels, S. R., Karanja, N., Elmer, P. J., & Sacks, F. M. (2006) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000202568.01167.b6 · Cited by 1,304
Physical activity and risk of breast cancer, colon cancer, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic stroke events: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
Kyu, H. H., Bachman, V. F., Alexander, L. T., Mumford, J. E., Afshin, A., Estep, K., Veerman, J. L., Delwiche, K., Iannarone, M. L., Moyer, M. L., et al. (2016) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.i3857 · Cited by 1,272
Silent brain infarcts: a systematic review
Vermeer, S. E., Longstreth, W. T., & Koudstaal, P. J. (2007) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(07)70170-9 · Cited by 1,221
Serum Cholesterol Levels and Six-Year Mortality from Stroke in 350,977 Men Screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
Iso, H., Jacobs, D. R., Wentworth, D. N., Neaton, J. D., & Cohen, J. D. (1989) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198904063201405 · Cited by 1,130
Pioglitazone after Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Kernan, W. N., Viscoli, C. M., Furie, K. L., Young, L. H., Inzucchi, S. E., Gorman, M., Guarino, P. D., Lovejoy, A. M., Peduzzi, P. N., Conwit, R., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1506930 · Cited by 1,124
Metabolic mediators of the effects of body-mass index, overweight, and obesity on coronary heart disease and stroke: a pooled analysis of 97 prospective cohorts with 1·8 million participants
(2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61836-x · Cited by 1,121
Fruit and vegetable consumption and stroke: meta-analysis of cohort studies
He, F. J., Nowson, C. A., & MacGregor, G. A. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68069-0 · Cited by 1,108
Global variation in stroke burden and mortality: estimates from monitoring, surveillance, and modelling
Johnston, S. C., Mendis, S., & Mathers, C. D. (2009) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70023-7 · Cited by 977
Use of secondary prevention drugs for cardiovascular disease in the community in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (the PURE study): a prospective epidemiological survey
Yusuf, S., Islam, S., Chow, C. K., Rangarajan, S., Dagenais, G., Diaz, R., Gupta, R., Kelishadi, R., Iqbal, R., Avezum, A., et al. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61215-4 · Cited by 964
The Burden of Adult Hypertension in the United States 1999 to 2000: A Rising Tide
Fields, L. E., Burt, V. L., Cutler, J. A., Hughes, J., Roccella, E. J., & Sorlie, P. (2004) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000142248.54761.56 · Cited by 906 · cited 1×
“Hypertension control has improved because of heightened awareness and treatment options, with ≈50% controlled in 2008, and the prevalence of hypertension in the United States has remained at 29%.(69,70) In addition to medication for hypertension control, hypertensive patients are encouraged to engage in behavioral lif…”
Background
Aggressive medical treatment with or without stenting in high-risk patients with intracranial artery stenosis (SAMMPRIS): the final results of a randomised trial
Derdeyn, C. P., Chimowitz, M. I., Lynn, M., Fiorella, D., Turan, T. N., Janis, L. S., Montgomery, J., Nizam, A., Lane, B. F., Lutsep, H. L., et al. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62038-3 · Cited by 882
Cholesterol Lowering in Intermediate-Risk Persons without Cardiovascular Disease
Yusuf, S., Bosch, J., Dagenais, G., Zhu, J., Xavier, D., Liu, L., Pais, P., López-Jaramillo, P., Leiter, L. A., Dans, A., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1600176 · Cited by 848
Cigarette Smoking as a Risk Factor for Stroke
Wolf, P. A. (1988) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.259.7.1025 · Cited by 845
Genetically elevated C-reactive protein and ischemic vascular disease
Zacho, J., Tybjærg-Hansen, A., Jensen, J. S., Grande, P., Sillesen, H., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0707402 · Cited by 839
Forecasting the Future of Stroke in the United States
Ovbiagele, B. I., Goldstein, L. B., Higashida, R. T., Howard, V. J., Johnston, S. C., Khavjou, O., Lackland, D. T., Lichtman, J. H., Mohl, S., Sacco, R. L., et al. (2013) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0b013e31829734f2 · Cited by 834
Physical Activity and Stroke Risk: A Meta-Analysis
Lee, C. D., Folsom, A. R., & Blair, S. N. (2003) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000091843.02517.9d · Cited by 829
The physiological structure of human C-reactive protein and its complex with phosphocholine
Thompson, D., Pepys, M. B., & Wood, S. P. (1999) · Structure · doi:10.1016/s0969-2126(99)80023-9 · Cited by 818
A Risk Score for Predicting Stroke or Death in Individuals With New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in the Community
Wang, T. J., Massaro, J. M., Levy, D. A., Vasan, R. S., Wolf, P. A., D’Agostino, R. B., Larson, M. G., Kannel, W. B., & Benjamin, E. J. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.8.1049 · Cited by 790
Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Measurements in Cardiovascular Risk Prediction: A Meta-analysis
Den Ruijter, H. M., Peters, S. A. E., Anderson, T. J., Britton, A. R., Dekker, J. M., Eijkemans, M. J., Engström, G., Evans, G. W., de Graaf, J., Grobbee, D. E., et al. (2012) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.9630 · Cited by 760
Statins in Stroke Prevention and Carotid Atherosclerosis: Systematic Review and Up-to-Date Meta-Analysis
Amarenco, P., Labreuche, J., Lavallée, P., & Touboul, P.-J. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000147965.52712.fa · Cited by 746
Age at stroke: Temporal trends in stroke incidence in a large, biracial population
Kissela, B. M., Khoury, J. C., Alwell, K., Moomaw, C. J., Woo, D., Adeoye, O., Flaherty, M. L., Khatri, P., Ferioli, S., De Los Rios La Rosa, F., et al. (2012) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e318270401d · Cited by 743
Stroke Incidence among White, Black, and Hispanic Residents of an Urban Community: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study
Collaborators, N. M. S. S., Sacco, R. L., Boden-Albala, B. M., Gan, R., Chen, X., Kargman, D. E., Shea, S., Paik, M. C., & Hauser, W. A. (1998) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009445 · Cited by 722
American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2011 update : a report from the American Heart Association
Roger, V. L. (2011) · Circulation · Cited by 719
Stroke risk profile: adjustment for antihypertensive medication. The Framingham Study.
D’Agostino, R. B., Wolf, P. A., Belanger, A. J., & Kannel, W. B. (1994) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.25.1.40 · Cited by 714
Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Stroke Prophylaxis in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Reddy, V. Y., Doshi, S. K., Sievert, H., Buchbinder, M., Neužil, P., Huber, K., Halperin, J. L., & Holmes, D. R. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.112.114389 · Cited by 677
Temporal relationship between subclinical atrial fibrillation and embolic events
Brambatti, M., Connolly, S. J., Gold, M. R., Morillo, C. A., Capucci, A., Muto, C., Lau, C. P., Van Gelder, I. C., Hohnloser, S. H., Carlson, M., et al. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.007825 · Cited by 676
A Prospective Study of Maturity-Onset Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke in Women
Manson, J. E. (1991) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1991.00400060077013 · Cited by 675
Lipid management in the prevention of stroke: review and updated meta-analysis of statins for stroke prevention
Amarenco, P., & Labreuche, J. (2009) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70058-4 · Cited by 660
Atrial Fibrillation and Mechanisms of Stroke: Time for a New Model
Kamel, H., Okin, P. M., Elkind, M. S. V., & Iadecola, C. (2016) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.115.012004 · Cited by 627
Self-citation
Blood-Pressure Lowering in Intermediate-Risk Persons without Cardiovascular Disease
Lonn, E., Bosch, J., López-Jaramillo, P. A., Zhu, J., Liu, L., Pais, P. S., Díaz, R., Xavier, D., Sliwa, K. S., Dans, A., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1600175 · Cited by 626
Glucose-potassium-insulin infusions in the management of post-stroke hyperglycaemia: the UK Glucose Insulin in Stroke Trial (GIST-UK)
Gray, C. S., Hildreth, A. J., Sandercock, P. A., O’Connell, J., Johnston, D. E., CARTLIDGE, N. E. F., Bamford, J., James, O., & Alberti, K. G. M. M. (2007) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(07)70080-7 · Cited by 619
Innovative Interventional and Imaging Registries: Precision Medicine in Cerebrovascular Disorders
Liebeskind, D. S. (2015) · Interventional Neurology · doi:10.1159/000438773 · Cited by 616
The ectodomain of the Notch3 receptor accumulates within the cerebrovasculature of CADASIL patients
Joutel, A., Andreux, F., Gaulis, S., Domenga, V., Cécillon, M., Battail‐Poirot, N., Piga, N., Chapon, F., Godfrain, C., & Tournier‐Lasserve, E. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci8047 · Cited by 614
Association Between Hospitalization for Pneumonia and Subsequent Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Corrales‐Medina, V., Alvarez, K. N., Weissfeld, L. A., Angus, D. C., Chirinos, J. A., Chang, C.-C. H., Newman, A. B., Loehr, L. R., Folsom, A. R., Elkind, M. S. V., et al. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.18229 · Cited by 602
Self-citation
Part A: Executive Summary
(2009) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00136.x · Cited by 593
Warfarin and Aspirin in Patients with Heart Failure and Sinus Rhythm
Homma, S., Thompson, J. L. P., Pullicino, P. M., Levin, B. L., Freudenberger, R. S., Teerlink, J. R., Ammon, S. E., Graham, S., Sacco, R. L., Mann, D. L., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1202299 · Cited by 590
Role of COL4A1 in Small-Vessel Disease and Hemorrhagic Stroke
Gould, D. B., Phalan, F. C., van Mil, S. E., Sundberg, J. P., Vahedi, K., Massin, P., Bousser, M. G., Heutink, P., Miner, J. H., Tournier-Lasserve, E., et al. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa053727 · Cited by 581
Physical Activity Intervention Studies: What We Know and What We Need to Know: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity); Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; and the Interdisciplinary Working Group on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research
Marcus, B. H., Williams, D. M., Dubbert, P. M., Sallis, J. F., King, A. C., Yancey, A. K., Franklin, B. A., Buchner, D., Daniels, S. R., & Claytor, R. P. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.179683 · Cited by 558
Value of Primordial and Primary Prevention for Cardiovascular Disease: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association
Weintraub, W. S., Daniels, S. R., Burke, L. E., Franklin, B. A., Goff, D. C., Hayman, L. L., Lloyd-Jones, D., Pandey, D. K., Sanchez, E. J., Schram, A. P., et al. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182285a81 · Cited by 541
Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Stroke Care: The American Experience
Cruz‐Flores, S., Rabinstein, A. A., Biller, J., Elkind, M. S. V., Griffith, P. A., Gorelick, P. B., Howard, G., Leira, E. C. C., Morgenstern, L. B., Ovbiagele, B. I., et al. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0b013e3182213e24 · Cited by 525
Self-citation
Treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update U.S. Public Health Service Clinical Practice Guideline executive summary.
(2008) · PubMed · Cited by 520
Dietary Sodium Intake and Subsequent Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Overweight Adults
He, J. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.21.2027 · Cited by 499
Disparities in stroke incidence contributing to disparities in stroke mortality
Howard, V. J., Kleindorfer, D., Judd, S. E., McClure, L. A., Safford, M. M., Rhodes, J. D., Cushman, M., Moy, C. S., Soliman, E. Z., D, B. M. K. M., et al. (2011) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.22385 · Cited by 488
Dietary Potassium and Stroke-Associated Mortality
Khaw, K., & Barrett-Connor, E. L. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198701293160502 · Cited by 485
Effects of a polypill (Polycap) on risk factors in middle-aged individuals without cardiovascular disease (TIPS): a phase II, double-blind, randomised trial
(2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60611-5 · Cited by 474
Association of HTRA1 Mutations and Familial Ischemic Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease
Hara, K., Shiga, A., Fukutake, T., Nozaki, H., Miyashita, A., Yokoseki, A., Kawata, H., Koyama, A., Arima, K., Takahashi, T., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0801560 · Cited by 460
Intake of Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium, and Fiber and Risk of Stroke Among US Men
Ascherio, A., Rimm, E. B., Hernán, M. Á., Giovannucci, E. L., Kawachi, I. I., Stampfer, M. J., & Willett, W. C. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.98.12.1198 · Cited by 447
Effects of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style diet on fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular diseases—Incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis on observational prospective studies
Salehi-Abargouei, A., Maghsoudi, Z., Shirani, F., & Azadbakht, L. (2013) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2012.12.018 · Cited by 429
Abdominal Obesity and Risk of Ischemic Stroke: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study
Suk, S.-H., Sacco, R. L., Boden-Albala, B., Cheun, J. F., Pittman, J. G., Elkind, M. S., & Paik, M. C. (2003) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000075294.98582.2f · Cited by 420
Self-citation
Stroke in a Biracial Population
D, B. M. K. M., Schneider, A. T., Kleindorfer, D., Khoury, J. C., Miller, R., Alwell, K., Woo, D., Szaflarski, J. P., Gebel, J., Moomaw, C. J., et al. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000110982.74967.39 · Cited by 419
Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Suture Ligation Using the LARIAT Device in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Bartuś, K., Han, F. T., Bednarek, J., Myć, J., Kapelak, B., Sadowski, J., Lelakowski, J., Bartuś, S., Yakubov, S. J., & Lee, R. J. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.06.046 · Cited by 412
Epidemiology of smoking-induced cardiovascular disease
Burns, D. (2003) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/s0033-0620(03)00079-3 · Cited by 407
Hemorrhagic stroke in the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels study
Goldstein, L. B., Amarenco, P., Szarek, M. J., Callahan, A., Hennerici, M. G., Sillesen, H. H., Zivin, J. A., & Welch, K. M. A. (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000296277.63350.77 · Cited by 407
Assessment of cardiovascular risk by use of multiple-risk-factor assessment equations
Grundy, S. M., Pasternak, R. C., Greenland, P., Smith, S. C., & Fuster, V. (1999) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00387-3 · Cited by 403
Sex Differences in Stroke Care and Outcomes
Kapral, M. K., Fang, J., Hill, M. D., Silver, F. L., Richards, J. A., Jaigobin, C. S., & Cheung, A. M. (2005) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000157662.09551.e5 · Cited by 402
Genetics of ischaemic stroke
Dichgans, M. (2007) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(07)70028-5 · Cited by 400
Mutations in the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT10 alter angiogenesis and cause arterial tortuosity syndrome
Coucke, P. J., Willaert, A., Wessels, M. W., Callewaert, B. L., Zoppi, N., Backer, J. F. A. D., Fox, J. E., Mancini, G. M. S., Kambouris, M., Gardella, R., et al. (2006) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1764 · Cited by 399
Genetic Heritability of Ischemic Stroke and the Contribution of Previously Reported Candidate Gene and Genomewide Associations
Bevan, S., Traylor, M., Adib-Samii, P., Malik, R., Paul, N. L. M., Jackson, C., Farrall, M., Rothwell, P. M., Sudlow, C., Dichgans, M., et al. (2012) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.112.665760 · Cited by 395
Repeated Replication and a Prospective Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Chromosome 9p21.3 and Coronary Artery Disease
Schunkert, H., Götz, A., Braund, P. S., McGinnis, R. E., Trégouët, D., Mangino, M., Linsel‐Nitschke, P., Cambien, F., Hengstenberg, C., Stark, K. J., et al. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.730614 · Cited by 388
Cholesterol, coronary heart disease, and stroke in the Asia Pacific region.
Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration (2003) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyg106 · Cited by 382
Blood-Pressure and Cholesterol Lowering in Persons without Cardiovascular Disease
Yusuf, S., Lonn, E., Pais, P. S., Bosch, J., López-Jaramillo, P. A., Zhu, J., Xavier, D., Avezum, Á., Leiter, L. A., Piegas, L. S., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1600177 · Cited by 380
The Epidemiology of Smoking
m, K. F. (2002) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-200262002-00001 · Cited by 377
Systematic Review of Methods and Results of Studies of the Genetic Epidemiology of Ischemic Stroke
Floßmann, E., Schulz, U. G., & Rothwell, P. M. (2003) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000107187.84390.aa · Cited by 374
Influence of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides on risk of cerebrovascular disease: the Copenhagen city heart study
Lindenstrom, E., Boysen, G., & Nyboe, J. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6946.11 · Cited by 370
Air Pollution and Hospital Admissions for Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Wellenius, G. A., Schwartz, J. D., & Mittleman, M. A. (2005) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000189687.78760.47 · Cited by 362
Dietary advice for reducing cardiovascular risk
Brunner, E. J., Thorogood, M., Rees, K., & Hewitt, G. (2005) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002128.pub2 · Cited by 352
Excess Stroke in Mexican Americans Compared with Non-Hispanic Whites: The Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi Project
Morgenstern, L. B. (2004) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwh225 · Cited by 350
Epidemiological Transition of Stroke in China
Zhao, D. H., Liu, J., Wang, W., Zeng, Z., Cheng, J., Liu, J., Sun, J., & Wu, Z. (2008) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.107.502807 · Cited by 348
Alcohol and hypertension: gender differences in dose-response relationships determined through systematic review and meta-analysis
Taylor, B., Irving, H. M., Baliunas, D., Roerecke, M., Patra, J., Mohapatra, S., & Rehm, J. (2009) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02694.x · Cited by 346
Association of cholesterol with stroke risk varies in stroke subtypes and patient subgroups
Tirschwell, D., Smith, N. L., Heckbert, S. R., Lemaître, R. N., Longstreth, W. T., Jr., & Psaty, B. M. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000144282.42222.da · Cited by 343
Stroke and Alcohol Consumption
Gill, J. S., Zezulka, A. V., Shipley, M. J., Gill, S. K., & Beevers, D. G. (1986) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198610233151701 · Cited by 334
Epidemiology of Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Diabetes
Kissela, B. M., Khoury, J., Kleindorfer, D., Woo, D., Schneider, A., Alwell, K., Miller, R., Ewing, I., Moomaw, C. J., Szaflarski, J. P., et al. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.2.355 · Cited by 330
The impact of bleeding complications in patients receiving target-specific oral anticoagulants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Chai‐Adisaksopha, C., Crowther, M. A., Isayama, T., & Lim, W. (2014) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2014-07-590323 · Cited by 329
Trends in stroke hospitalizations and associated risk factors among children and young adults, 1995–2008
George, M. G., Tong, X., Kuklina, E. V., & Labarthe, D. R. (2011) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.22539 · Cited by 325
Effect of transfusion therapy on arteriographic abnormalities and on recurrence of stroke in sickle cell disease
Russell, M., Goldberg, H. I., Hodson, A., Kim, H., Halus, J., Reivich, M., & Schwartz, E. (1984) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v63.1.162.bloodjournal631162 · Cited by 323
Evidence for genetic variance in white matter hyperintensity volume in normal elderly male twins
Carmelli, D., DeCarli, C., Swan, G. E., Jack, L. M., Reed, T., Wolf, P. A., & Miller, B. L. (1998) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.29.6.1177 · Cited by 321
Risk of stroke in the distribution of an asymptomatic carotid artery
Driessen, J. J. (1995) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90220-1 · Cited by 316
Potassium Intake, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Disease
D'Elia, L., Barba, G., Cappuccio, F. P., & Strazzullo, P. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.070 · Cited by 313
High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Ischemic Stroke in the Elderly: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study
Sacco, R. L., Benson, R. T., Kargman, D. E., Boden-Albala, B., Tuck, C., Lin, I.-F., Cheng, J. F., Paik, M. C., Shea, S., & Berglund, L. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.21.2729 · Cited by 311
Smoking vs Other Risk Factors as the Cause of Smoking-Attributable Deaths
Thun, M. J., Apicella, L. F., & Henley, S. J. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.284.6.706 · Cited by 306
HEMORRHAGIC STROKE IN THE STROKE PREVENTION BY AGGRESSIVE REDUCTION IN CHOLESTEROL LEVELS STUDY
Vergouwen, M. D. I., Vermeulen, M., & Roos, Y. B. W. E. M. (2009) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000346744.56398.e5 · Cited by 304
Duration of Diabetes and Risk of Ischemic Stroke
Banerjee, C., Moon, Y. P., Paik, M. C., Rundek, T., Mora‐McLaughlin, C., Vieira, J. R., Sacco, R. L., & Elkind, M. S. V. (2012) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.111.641381 · Cited by 299
Self-citation
Body Size and Fat Distribution as Predictors of Stroke among US Men
Walker, S. P., Rimm, E. B., Ascherio, A., Kawachi, I. I., Stampfer, M. J., & Willett, W. C. (1996) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008892 · Cited by 295
Dysfunctional nitric oxide signalling increases risk of myocardial infarction
CARDIoGRAM, Erdmann, J., Stark, K. J., Esslinger, U. B., Rumpf, P. M., Koesling, D., de Wit, C., Kaiser, F. J., Braunholz, D., Medack, A., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12722 · Cited by 287
Risk variants for atrial fibrillation on chromosome 4q25 associate with ischemic stroke
Grétarsdóttir, S., Þorleifsson, G., Manolescu, A. R., Styrkársdóttir, U., Helgadóttir, A., Gschwendtner, A., Kostulas, K., Kuhlenbäumer, G., Bevan, S., Jónsdóttir, Þ., et al. (2008) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21480 · Cited by 286
Therapeutic Use of Metformin in Prediabetes and Diabetes Prevention
Gottwald‐Hostalek, U., Gwilt, M., & Hildemann, S. K. (2015) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-015-0416-8 · Cited by 283
Poor school and cognitive functioning with silent cerebral infarcts and sickle cell disease
Schatz, J. C., Brown, R. T., Pascual, J. M., Hsu, L. L.-Y., & DeBaun, M. R. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.56.8.1109 · Cited by 279
De novo ACTA2 mutation causes a novel syndrome of multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction
Milewicz, D. M., Østergaard, J. R., Ala‐Kokko, L., Khan, N., Grange, D. K., Mendoza‐Londono, R., Bradley, T. J., Olney, A. H., Adès, L. C., Maher, J. F., et al. (2010) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.33657 · Cited by 275
Dissociation of Pentameric to Monomeric C-Reactive Protein on Activated Platelets Localizes Inflammation to Atherosclerotic Plaques
Eisenhardt, S. U., Habersberger, J., Murphy, A. J., Chen, Y., Woollard, K. J., Bassler, N., Qian, H., Mühlen, C. V. Z., Hagemeyer, C. E., Ahrens, I., et al. (2009) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.108.190611 · Cited by 272
A score for predicting risk of death from cardiovascular disease in adults with raised blood pressure, based on individual patient data from randomised controlled trials
Pocock, S., McCormack, V., Gueyffier, F., Boutitie, F., Fagard, R. H., & Boissel, J. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7304.75 · Cited by 272
Results of the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) Trial by Stroke Subtypes
Amarenco, P., Benavente, O., Goldstein, L. B., Callahan, A. S., III, Sillesen, H. H., Hennerici, M. G., Gilbert, S., Rudolph, A. E., Simunovic, L., Zivin, J. A., et al. (2009) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.108.534107 · Cited by 271
Ethnic Disparities in Stroke
Stansbury, J. P., Jia, H., Williams, L. S., Vogel, W. B., & Duncan, P. W. (2005) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000153065.39325.fd · Cited by 271
Utility of Nontraditional Risk Markers in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment
Yeboah, J., Young, R. L., McClelland, R. L., Delaney, J. A., Polonsky, T. S., Dawood, F. Z., Blaha, M. J., Miedema, M. D., Sibley, C. T., Carr, J. J., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.10.058 · Cited by 270
Sodium Intake and Risk of Death From Stroke in Japanese Men and Women
Nagata, C., Takatsuka, N., Shimizu, N., & Shimizu, H. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000130425.50441.b0 · Cited by 269
Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Guirguis‐Blake, J., Evans, C. V., Senger, C. A., O’Connor, E., & Whitlock, E. P. (2016) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m15-2113 · Cited by 264
Risk factor thresholds: their existence under scrutiny
Law, M. R., & Wald, N. J. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7353.1570 · Cited by 263
American Heart Association Guide for Improving Cardiovascular Health at the Community Level, 2013 Update
Pearson, T. A., Palaniappan, L. P., Artinian, N. T., Carnethon, M. R., Criqui, M. H., Daniels, S. R., Fonarow, G. C., Fortmann, S. P., Franklin, B. A., Galloway, J. M., et al. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e31828f8a94 · Cited by 261
Long-term Outcomes Following Development of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation During Sepsis
Walkey, A. J., Hammill, B. G., Curtis, L. H., & Benjamin, E. J. (2014) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.14-0003 · Cited by 258
Modeling the Association Between Particle Constituents of Air Pollution and Health Outcomes
Mostofsky, E., Schwartz, J. D., Coull, B. A., Koutrakis, P., Wellenius, G. A., Suh, H. H., Gold, D. R., & Mittleman, M. A. (2012) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kws018 · Cited by 255
Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke
Simons, L. A., McCallum, J. C., Friedlander, Y., & Simons, J. (1998) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.29.7.1341 · Cited by 255
Loci associated with ischaemic stroke and its subtypes (SiGN): a genome-wide association study
Pulit, S. L., McArdle, P. F., Wong, Q., Malik, R., Gwinn, K. A., Achterberg, S., Algra, A., Amouyel, P., Anderson, C. D., Arnett, D. K., et al. (2015) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00338-5 · Cited by 255
Lipid levels and the risk of ischemic stroke in women
Kurth, T., Everett, B. M., Buring, J. E., Kase, C. S., Ridker, P. M., & Gaziano, J. M. (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000254472.41810.0d · Cited by 251
COL4A1 Mutations as a Monogenic Cause of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Lanfranconi, S., & Markus, H. S. (2010) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.581918 · Cited by 248
Recent respiratory infection and risk of cardiovascular disease: case-control study through a general practice database
Clayton, T. C., Thompson, M., & Meade, T. W. (2007) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm516 · Cited by 242
Prospective Study of Major Dietary Patterns and Stroke Risk in Women
Fung, T. T., Stampfer, M. J., Manson, J. E., Rexrode, K. M., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000135762.89154.92 · Cited by 232
Autosomal dominant syndrome with strokelike episodes and leukoencephalopathy.
Tournier‐Lasserve, E., Iba-Zizen, M. T., Romero, N., & Bousser, M. (1991) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.22.10.1297 · Cited by 225
Influenza vaccines for preventing cardiovascular disease
Clar, C., Oseni, Z., Flowers, N., Keshtkar‐Jahromi, M., & Rees, K. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005050.pub3 · Cited by 221
HDL-Cholesterol, Total Cholesterol, and the Risk of Stroke in Middle-Aged British Men
Wannamethee, S. G., Shaper, A. G., & Ebrahim, S. (2000) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.31.8.1882 · Cited by 220
Sequence variants on chromosome 9p21.3 confer risk for atherosclerotic stroke
Gschwendtner, A., Bevan, S., Cole, J. W., Plourde, A., Matarín, M., Ross‐Adams, H., Meitinger, T., Wichmann, E., Mitchell, B. D., Furie, K. L., et al. (2009) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21590 · Cited by 217
Dose-Response Relationship Between Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Young Women
Bhat, V. M., Cole, J. W., Sorkin, J. D., Wozniak, M. A., Malarcher, A. M., Giles, W. H., Stern, B. J., & Kittner, S. J. (2008) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.107.510073 · Cited by 215
The Unchanging Incidence and Case-Fatality of Stroke in the 1990s
Kleindorfer, D., Broderick, J. P., Khoury, J. C., Flaherty, M. L., Woo, D., Alwell, K., Moomaw, C. J., Schneider, A. T., Miller, R., Shukla, R., et al. (2006) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000242766.65550.92 · Cited by 210
Salt intake and stroke: a possible direct effect.
Perry, I. J., & Beevers, D. G. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 207
Parental Occurrence of Stroke and Risk of Stroke in Their Children
Seshadri, S. S., Beiser, A., Pikula, A., Himali, J. J., Kelly‐Hayes, M., Debette, S., DeStefano, A. L., Romero, J. R., Kase, C. S., & Wolf, P. A. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.854240 · Cited by 201
Quality of Care in Women With Ischemic Stroke in the GWTG Program
Reeves, M. J., Fonarow, G. C., Zhao, X., Smith, E. E., & Schwamm, L. H. (2009) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.108.543157 · Cited by 185
Heritability of Ischemic Stroke in Relation to Age, Vascular Risk Factors, and Subtypes of Incident Stroke in Population-Based Studies
Schulz, U. G., Floßmann, E., & Rothwell, P. M. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000121646.23955.0f · Cited by 184
Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Matter Air Pollution Is a Risk Factor for Stroke
Scheers, H., Jacobs, L., Casas, L., Nemery, B., & Nawrot, T. S. (2015) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.115.009913 · Cited by 179
Infectious Burden and Risk of Stroke
Elkind, M. S. V. (2009) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2009.271 · Cited by 177
Self-citation
Relation Between the Metabolic Syndrome and Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Koren‐Morag, N., Goldbourt, U., & Tanné, D. (2005) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000169945.75911.33 · Cited by 175
Identification of additional risk loci for stroke and small vessel disease: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies
Chauhan, G., Arnold, C. R., Chu, A. Y., Fornage, M., Reyahi, A., Bis, J. C., Havulinna, A. S., Sargurupremraj, M., Smith, A. V., Adams, H. H. H., et al. (2016) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(16)00102-2 · Cited by 175
Whole Genome Analyses Suggest Ischemic Stroke and Heart Disease Share an Association With Polymorphisms on Chromosome 9p21
Matarín, M., Brown, W. M., Singleton, A., Hardy, J., & Meschia, J. F. (2008) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.107.502963 · Cited by 169
Age-Specific Incidence, Outcome, Cost, and Projected Future Burden of Atrial Fibrillation–Related Embolic Vascular Events
Yiin, G. S. C., Howard, D. P. J., Paul, N. L. M., Li, L., Luengo-Fernández, R., Bull, L. M., Welch, S. J. V., Gutnikov, S. A., Mehta, Z., & Rothwell, P. M. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.114.010942 · Cited by 169
Fine Particulate Air Pollution (PM2.5) and the Risk of Acute Ischemic Stroke
O'Donnell, M. J., Fang, J., Mittleman, M. A., Kapral, M. K., & Wellenius, G. A. (2011) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e3182126580 · Cited by 165
Combined effects of road traffic noise and ambient air pollution in relation to risk for stroke?
Sørensen, M., Lühdorf, P., Ketzel, M., Andersen, Z. J., Tjønneland, A. M., Overvad, K., & Raaschou‐Nielsen, O. (2014) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.011 · Cited by 164
Incidence and Risk Factors for Stroke in American Indians
Zhang, Y., Galloway, J. M., Welty, T. K., Wiebers, D. O., Whisnant, J. P., Devereux, R. B., Kizer, J. R., Howard, B. V., Cowan, L. D., Yeh, J. L., et al. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.772285 · Cited by 163
Recent Heavy Drinking of Alcohol and Embolic Stroke
Hillbom, M., Numminen, H., & Juvela, S. (1999) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.30.11.2307 · Cited by 163
Factors Explaining Excess Stroke Prevalence in the US Stroke Belt
Liao, Y.-L., Greenlund, K., Croft, J., Keenan, N. L., & Giles, W. (2009) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.109.561688 · Cited by 161
Spectrum of Mutations in Biopsy-Proven CADASIL
Peters, N., Opherk, C., Bergmann, T., Castro, M., Herzog, J., & Dichgans, M. (2005) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.62.7.1091 · Cited by 161
Increasing incidence of ischemic stroke in patients with HIV infection
Ovbiagele, B. I., & Nath, A. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31820a0cfc · Cited by 160
Patterns of Alcohol Intake and Risk of Stroke in Middle-aged British Men
Wannamethee, S. G., & Shaper, A. G. (1996) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.27.6.1033 · Cited by 158
POTASSIUM INTAKE, STROKE, AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: A META-ANALYSIS OF PROSPECTIVE STUDIES
D’Elia, L., Barba, G., Cappuccio, F. P., & Strazzullo, P. (2011) · Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology · doi:10.20996/1819-6446-2011-7-3-371-381 · Cited by 155
Ischemic stroke is associated with the ABO locus: The EuroCLOT study
Williams, F. M. K., Carter, A. M., Hysi, P. G., Surdulescu, G. L., Hodgkiss, D., Soranzo, N., Traylor, M., Bevan, S., Dichgans, M., Rothwell, P. M., et al. (2012) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.23838 · Cited by 153
Low-frequency and common genetic variation in ischemic stroke
Malik, R., Traylor, M., Pulit, S. L., Bevan, S., Hopewell, J. C., Holliday, E. G., Zhao, W., Abrantes, P., Amouyel, P., Attia, J., et al. (2016) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000002528 · Cited by 153
Risk for Myocardial Infarction and Stroke After Community-Acquired Bacteremia
Dalager‐Pedersen, M., Søgaard, M., Schønheyder, H. C., Nielsen, H. V., & Thomsen, R. W. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.006699 · Cited by 152
Mutation of FOXC1 and PITX2 induces cerebral small-vessel disease
French, C. R., Seshadri, S. S., DeStefano, A. L., Fornage, M., Arnold, C. R., Gage, P. J., Skarie, J. M., Dobyns, W. B., Millen, K. J., Liu, T., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci75109 · Cited by 152
Ethnic differences in stroke mortality between non-Hispanic whites, Hispanic whites, and blacks. The National Longitudinal Mortality Study.
Howard, G., Anderson, R. N., Sorlie, P. D., Andrews, V., Backlund, E., & Burke, G. L. (1994) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.25.11.2120 · Cited by 151
High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Risk of Ischemic Stroke Mortality
Tanné, D., Yaari, S., & Goldbourt, U. (1997) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.28.1.83 · Cited by 148
Carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis: a meta-analysis
Benavente, O., Moher, D., & Pham, B. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7171.1477 · Cited by 148
Hs-CRP in stroke: A meta-analysis
Zhou, Y., Han, W., Gong, D., Man, C., & Fan, Y. (2015) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2015.11.027 · Cited by 148
Epidemic of illicit drug use, mechanisms of action/addiction and stroke as a health hazard
Esse, K., Fossati-Bellani, M. R., Traylor, A., & Martin‐Schild, S. (2011) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.7 · Cited by 147
Cerebrovascular Complications of Methamphetamine Abuse
Ho, E. L., Josephson, S. A., Lee, H. S., & Smith, W. S. (2009) · Neurocritical Care · doi:10.1007/s12028-008-9177-5 · Cited by 143

Research works printed but not linked: 3

10.1080/09652140120089490 · DOI
10.1182/blood.V63.1.162.162 · DOI
10.1001/jama.1988.03720070025028 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Global Burden of Stroke
Katan, M., & Luft, A. (2018) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1649503 · Cited by 2,137
2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes.
Marx, N., Federici, M., Schütt, K., Müller-Wieland, D., Ajjan, R. A., Antunes, M. J., Christodorescu, R. M., Crawford, C., Di Angelantonio, E., Eliasson, B., et al. (2023) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad192 · Cited by 1,642
Pathophysiology and treatment of stroke: present status and future perspectives
Kuriakose, D., & Xiao, Z. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21207609 · Cited by 1,350
Risk of ischemic stroke in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vs patients with influenza.
Merkler, A. E., Parikh, N. S., Mir, S., Gupta, A., Kamel, H., Lin, E., Lantos, J., Schenck, E. J., Goyal, P., Bruce, S. S., et al. (2020) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2730 · Cited by 940
Emerging neuroprotective strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke: An overview of clinical and preclinical studies
Paul, S., & Candelario‐Jalil, E. (2020) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113518 · Cited by 780

See all 1,952

Authors: Boehme, A. K., Esenwa, C., & Elkind, M. S. V.
Affiliations: Columbia University (US)
ORCID: Boehme, Amelia K.
Esenwa, Charles
Elkind, Mitchell S.V.
Venue: Circulation Research
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2017-02-03
Volume: 120
Issue: 3
Pages: 472-495
ISSN: 0009-7330 (ISSN-L)
1524-4571
DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308398
PMC: PMC5321635
OpenAlex: W2585605401
Cited by: 1,952
References: 315
Citations by year: 2026: 182 · 2025: 323 · 2024: 322 · 2023: 287 · 2022: 292 · 2021: 245 · 2020: 155 · 2019: 89 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 19
FWCI: 10.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Circulation Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (T32NS007153)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
Keywords: stroke, stroke risk factors, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, modifiable risk factors, non-modifiable risk factors, hypertension, smoking, physical inactivity, diet, genetic polymorphism, atrial fibrillation, genetic susceptibility, environmental interaction, stroke prevention, lifestyle modification, smoking cessation, antihypertensive therapy, diabetes mellitus, inflammation, infection, pollution, cardiac arrhythmias
MeSH terms: Brain Ischemia, Clinical Trials as Topic, Diabetes Mellitus, Diet, Humans, Hypertension, Life Style, Risk Factors, Smoking, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Stroke

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Stroke Risk Factors, Genetics, and Prevention

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks