Epicardial and perivascular adipose tissues and their influence on cardiovascular disease: Basic mechanisms and clinical associations
Open accessAbstract
I t is well established that the cardiovascular (CV) risk ofobesity is more strongly associated with visceral rather than subcutaneous adiposity.1–3 Anthropometric variables that account for visceral adiposity, such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), have limited sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, there is increasing recognition of “normal weight obese ” persons (ie, those with increased visceral adipose but normal WC) who are prone to the same risk of the metabolic syndrome.4 These patients are detected only through abdominal computed tomography (CT) or mag-netic resonance imaging (MRI). Rapid advancements in non-invasive cardiac imaging techniques have fostered interest in the imaging of perivascular and epicardial fat as proxy measures of visceral adiposity and, hence, more sensitive and specific indicators of cardiometabolic risk.5,6 The idea that these fat depots may not only be representative of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) but perhaps independently causal of CV disease (CVD) is an attractive one that is rapidly gaining traction. The potential roles of perivascular and epicardial fat in obesity-associated CVD are best understood in the context of the pathophysiology of obesity-induced insulin resistance.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
High rates of lipogenesis displayed by EAT act as scavenger for excess FAs in systemic circulation to protect against myocardial lipotoxicity.
“In addition, the high rates of lipogenesis displayed by EAT act as scavenger for excess FAs in systemic circulation to protect against their myocardial lipotoxicity responsible of functional deterioration and possible lethal arrhythmias [36].”
From Dysregulated epicardial adipose tissue as a risk factor and potential therapeutic target of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in diabetes (2022) · cites this paper as [36]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue
Weisberg, S. P., McCann, D., Desai, M., Rosenbaum, M., Leibel, R. L., & Ferrante, A. W. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200319246 · Cited by 10,041 · see citing works
Xu, H., Barnes, G. T., Yang, Q., Tan, G., Yang, D., Chou, C. J., Sole, J., Nichols, A., Ross, J. S., Tartaglia, L. A., et al. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200319451 · Cited by 6,760 · see citing works
Identification and Importance of Brown Adipose Tissue in Adult Humans
Cypess, A. M., Lehman, S., Williams, G., Tal, I., Rodman, D., Goldfine, A. B., Kuo, F. C., Palmer, E. L., Tseng, Y.-H., Doria, A., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0810780 · Cited by 4,399 · see citing works
Hotamisligil, G. S., Arner, P., Caro, J. F., Atkinson, R. L., & Spiegelman, B. M. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117936 · Cited by 3,543 · see citing works
Cold-Activated Brown Adipose Tissue in Healthy Men
van Marken Lichtenbelt, W. D., Vanhommerig, J. W., Smulders, N. M., Drossaerts, J. M. A. F. L., Kemerink, G. J., Bouvy, N. D., Schrauwen, P., & Teule, G. J. J. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0808718 · Cited by 3,452 · see citing works
Fox, C. S., Massaro, J. M., Hoffmann, U., Pou, K. M., Maurovich-Horvat, P., Liu, C.-Y., Vasan, R. S., Murabito, J. M., Meigs, J. B., Cupples, L. A., et al. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.675355 · Cited by 2,882 · see citing works
Mechanisms linking obesity with cardiovascular disease
Van Gaal, L. F., Mertens, I. L., & De Block, C. E. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05487 · Cited by 2,814 · see citing works
Miyasaka, Y., Barnes, M. E., Gersh, B. J., Cha, S. S., Bailey, K. R., Abhayaratna, W. P., Seward, J. B., & Tsang, T. S. M. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.595140 · Cited by 2,564 · see citing works
Adipocyte dysfunctions linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Guilherme, A., Virbasius, J. V., Puri, V., & Czech, M. P. (2008) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2391 · Cited by 2,292 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman epicardial adipose tissue is a source of inflammatory mediators
Mazurek, T., Zhang, L., Zalewski, A., Mannion, J. D., Diehl, J. T., Arafat, H., Sarov-Blat, L., O’Brien, S., Keiper, E. A., Johnson, A. G., et al. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000099542.57313.c5 · Cited by 1,966 · see citing works
Adipose tissue remodeling and obesity
Sun, K., Kusminski, C. M., & Scherer, P. E. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci45887 · Cited by 1,941 · see citing works
Obesity and the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation
Wang, T. J. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.292.20.2471 · Cited by 1,427 · see citing works
Petrovic, N., Walden, T. B., Shabalina, I. G., Timmons, J. A., Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.053942 · Cited by 1,263 · see citing works
Rosito, G. A., Massaro, J. M., Hoffmann, U., Ruberg, F. L., Mahabadi, A. A., Vasan, R. S., O’Donnell, C. J., & Fox, C. S. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.743062 · Cited by 1,021 · see citing works
Epicardial adipose tissue: Anatomic, biomolecular and clinical relationships with the heart
Iacobellis, G., Corradi, D., & Sharma, A. M. (2005) · Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1038/ncpcardio0319 · Cited by 1,015 · see citing works
Human epicardial adipose tissue: A review
Sacks, H. S., & Fain, J. N. (2007) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2007.03.019 · Cited by 971 · see citing works
Neutrophils mediate insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet through secreted elastase
Talukdar, S., Oh, D. Y., Bandyopadhyay, G. K., Li, D., Xu, J., McNelis, J., Lu, M. M., Li, P., Yan, Q., Zhu, Y., et al. (2012) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2885 · Cited by 966 · see citing works
Fatty acids, obesity, and insulin resistance: Time for a reevaluation
Karpe, F., Dickmann, J. R., & Frayn, K. N. (2011) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db11-0425 · Cited by 896 · see citing works
DeFronzo, R. A. (2010) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-010-1684-1 · Cited by 889 · see citing works
Adiponectin as an anti-inflammatory factor
Ouchi, N., & Walsh, K. X. (2007) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2007.01.026 · Cited by 883 · see citing works
Iacobellis, G., Ribaudo, M. C., Assael, F., Vecci, E., Tiberti, C., Zappaterreno, A., Di Mario, U., & Leonetti, F. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030698 · Cited by 842 · see citing works
Ablation of CD11c-Positive Cells Normalizes Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Insulin Resistant Animals
Patsouris, D., Li, P.-P., Thapar, D., Chapman, J., Olefsky, J. M., & Neels, J. G. (2008) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.08.015 · Cited by 804 · see citing works
Epicardial fat from echocardiography: A new method for visceral adipose tissue prediction
Iacobellis, G., Assael, F., Ribaudo, M. C., Zappaterreno, A., Alessi, G., Di Mario, U., & Leonetti, F. (2003) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2003.45 · Cited by 779 · see citing works
Weight loss and lipolysis promote a dynamic immune response in murine adipose tissue
Kosteli, A., Sugaru, E., Haemmerle, G., Martin, J. F., Lei, J., Zechner, R., & Ferrante, A. W. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci42845 · Cited by 726 · cited 1× · see citing works
“into VAT is protective.(16) Finally, not only the monocyte/ macrophage, but virtually every type of immune cell, has been implicated in the orchestration of a broad inflammatory response in VAT in response to high-fat feeding.”
BackgroundEchocardiographic epicardial fat: a review of research and clinical applications
Iacobellis, G., & Willens, H. J. (2009) · Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography · doi:10.1016/j.echo.2009.10.013 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Kintscher, U., Hartge, M., Hess, K., Foryst-Ludwig, A., Clemenz, M., Wabitsch, M., Fischer-Posovszky, P., Barth, T. F. E., Dragun, D., Skurk, T., et al. (2008) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.108.165100 · Cited by 692 · see citing works
Body Fat Distribution, Incident Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and All-Cause Mortality
Britton, K. A., Massaro, J. M., Murabito, J. M., Kreger, B. E., Hoffmann, U., & Fox, C. S. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.06.027 · Cited by 687 · see citing works
Mahabadi, A. A., Massaro, J. M., Rosito, G. A., Levy, D. A., Murabito, J. M., Wolf, P. A., O’Donnell, C. J., Fox, C. S., & Hoffmann, U. (2008) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn573 · Cited by 655 · see citing works
Baker, A. R., da Silva, N. F., Quinn, D. W., Harte, A. L., Pagano, D., Bonser, R. S., Kumar, S., & McTernan, P. G. (2006) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/1475-2840-5-1 · Cited by 642 · see citing works
Greenstein, A. S., Khavandi, K., Withers, S., Sonoyama, K., Clancy, O., Jeziorska, M., Laing, I., Yates, A. P., Pemberton, P. W., Malik, R. A., et al. (2009) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.821181 · Cited by 616 · see citing works
Venteclef, N., Guglielmi, V., Balse, E., Gaborit, B., Cotillard, A., Atassi, F., Amour, J., Leprince, P. N., Dutour, A., Clément, K., et al. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht099 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Yudkin, J. S., Eringa, E. C., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66585-3 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
DeFuria, J., Belkina, A. C., Jagannathan-Bogdan, M., Snyder-Cappione, J., Carr, J. D., Nersesova, Y. R., Markham, D., Strissel, K. J., Watkins, A. A., Zhu, M., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1215840110 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Pericardial Fat Is Associated With Atrial Fibrillation Severity and Ablation Outcome
Wong, C. X. J., Abed, H. S., Molaee, P., Nelson, A. J., Brooks, A. G., Sharma, G., Leong, D. P., Lau, D. H., Middeldorp, M. E., Roberts‐Thomson, K. C., et al. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.11.045 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Pericardial Fat Is Associated With Prevalent Atrial Fibrillation
Thanassoulis, G., Massaro, J. M., O’Donnell, C. J., Hoffmann, U., Levy, D. A., Ellinor, P. T., Wang, T. J., Schnabel, R. B., Vasan, R. S., Fox, C. S., et al. (2010) · Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology · doi:10.1161/circep.109.912055 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Epicardial fat: properties, function and relationship to obesity
Rabkin, S. W. (2006) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2006.00293.x · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Iacobellis, G., Pistilli, D., Gucciardo, M., Leonetti, F., Miraldi, F., Brancaccio, G., GALLO, P., & Gioia, C. R. T. D. (2005) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2004.11.002 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Gustafson, B., Hammarstedt, A., Andersson, C. X., & Smith, U. (2007) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.107.147835 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
The Changed Metabolic World with Human Brown Adipose Tissue: Therapeutic Visions
Nedergaard, J., & Cannon, B. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.03.007 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Coronary Atherosclerosis Is Associated With Macrophage Polarization in Epicardial Adipose Tissue
Hirata, Y., Tabata, M., Kurobe, H., Motoki, T., Akaike, M., Nishio, C., Higashida, M., Mikasa, H., Nakaya, Y., Takanashi, S., et al. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.01.048 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Bertola, A., Ciucci, T., Rousseau, D., Bourlier, V., Duffaut, C., Bonnafous, S., Blin‐Wakkach, C., Anty, R., Iannelli, A., Gugenheim, J., et al. (2012) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db11-1274 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Echocardiographic Epicardial Fat Thickness and Coronary Artery Disease
Jeong, J., Jeong, M. H., Yun, K. H., Oh, S. K., Park, E., Kim, Y. K., Rhee, S. J., Lee, E. M., Lee, J., Yoo, N. J., et al. (2007) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.71.536 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Production of Chemokines by Perivascular Adipose Tissue
Henrichot, E., Juge-Aubry, C. E., Pernin, A., Pache, J., Velebit, V., Dayer, J., Meda, P., Chizzolini, C., & Meier, C. A. (2005) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000188508.40052.35 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Prieur, X., Mok, C. Y. L., Velagapudi, V. R., Núñez, V., Fuentes, L., Montaner, D., Ishikawa, K., Camacho, A., Barbarroja, N., O’Rahilly, S., et al. (2011) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-0705 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Margaritis, M., Antonopoulos, A. S., Digby, J. E., Lee, R., Reilly, S. N., Coutinho, P., Shirodaria, C. C., Sayeed, R. A., Petrou, M., Silva, R. D., et al. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.112.001133 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Epicardial adipose tissue and insulin resistance in obese subjects
Iacobellis, G., & Leonetti, F. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1087 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Chang, L., Villacorta, L., Li, R., Milton, H., Xu, W., Dou, C., Zhang, J., Wu, J., Zeng, R., & Chen, Y. E. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.112.104489 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Leptin induces direct vasodilation through distinct endothelial mechanisms.
Lembo, G., Vecchione, C., Fratta, L., Marino, G., Trimarco, V., d’Amati, G., & Trimarco, B. (2000) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.2.293 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Sacks, H. S., Fain, J. N., Holman, B., Cheema, P. S., Chary, A., Parks, F., Karas, J. G., Optican, R. J., Bahouth, S. W., Garrett, E., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0571 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Relation between epicardial adipose tissue and left ventricular mass
Iacobellis, G., Ribaudo, M. C., Zappaterreno, A., Iannucci, C. V., & Leonetti, F. (2004) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.06.075 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Fitzgibbons, T. P., Kogan, S., Aouadi, M., Hendricks, G. M., Straubhaar, J., & Czech, M. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00376.2011 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, P., Xu, T., Guan, Y., Su, D., Fan, G., & Miao, C. (2008) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvn288 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Protective vascular and myocardial effects of adiponectin
Goldstein, B. J., Scalia, R. G., & Ma, X. L. (2008) · Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1038/ncpcardio1398 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Police, S. B., Thatcher, S. E., Charnigo, R. J., Daugherty, A., & Cassis, L. A. (2009) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.109.192658 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Greif, M., Becker, A., von Ziegler, F., Lebherz, C., Lehrke, M., Broedl, U. C., Tittus, J., Parhofer, K. G., Becker, C. R., Reiser, M. F., et al. (2009) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.108.180653 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Sironi, A. M., Gastaldelli, A., Mari, A., Ciociaro, D., Postano, V., Buzzigoli, E., Ghione, S., Turchi, S., Lombardi, M., & Ferrannini, E. (2004) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000137982.10191.0a · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Cheng, V., Dey, D., Tamarappoo, B. K., Nakazato, R., Gransar, H., Miranda-Peats, R., Ramesh, A., Wong, N. D., Shaw, L. J., Slomka, P. J., et al. (2010) · JACC. Cardiovascular imaging · doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2009.12.013 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Left Atrial Epicardial Adiposity and Atrial Fibrillation
Batal, O., Schoenhagen, P., Shao, M., Ayyad, A., Wagoner, D. R. V., Halliburton, S. S., TCHOU, P. J., & Chung, M. K. (2010) · Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology · doi:10.1161/circep.110.957241 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Marchington, J. M., & Pond, C. M. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Substantial changes in epicardial fat thickness after weight loss in severely obese subjects
Iacobellis, G., Singh, N., Wharton, S., & Sharma, A. M. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.251 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Kremen, J., Dolinkova, M., Krajickova, J., Bláha, J., Anderlová, K., Lacinová, Z., Haluzíková, D., Bošanská, L., Vokurka, M., Svacina, S., et al. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1044 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Formation of the epicardium studied with the scanning electron microscope
Ho, E., & Shimada, Y. (1978) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/0012-1606(78)90263-4 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Periadventitial Adipose Tissue Plays a Critical Role in Vascular Remodeling
Takaoka, M., Nagata, D., Kihara, S., Shimomura, I., Kimura, Y., Tabata, Y., Saito, Y., Nagai, R., & Sata, M. (2009) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.109.199653 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Visceral and Subcutaneous Fat Quality and Cardiometabolic Risk
Rosenquist, K. J., Pedley, A., Massaro, J. M., Therkelsen, K. E., Murabito, J. M., Hoffmann, U., & Fox, C. S. (2013) · JACC. Cardiovascular imaging · doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2012.11.021 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Greulich, S., Maxhera, B., Vandenplas, G., de Wiza, D. H., Smiris, K., Mueller, H., Heinrichs, J., Blumensatt, M., Cuvelier, C., Akhyari, P., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.111.039586 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Adult Epicardial Fat Exhibits Beige Features
Sacks, H. S., Fain, J. N., Bahouth, S. W., Ojha, S., Frontini, A., Budge, H., Cinti, S., & Symonds, M. E. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-1265 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
The Portal Theory Supported by Venous Drainage–Selective Fat Transplantation
Rytka, J. M., Wueest, S., Schoenle, E. J., & Konrad, D. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-0697 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Epicardial and pericardial fat: Close, but very different
Iacobellis, G. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.575 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Natale, F., TEDESCO, M., Mocerino, R., Simone, V. D., Marco, G. M. D., Aronne, L., Credendino, M., Siniscalchi, C., Calabrò, P., Cotrufo, M. F., et al. (2009) · European Journal of Echocardiography · doi:10.1093/ejechocard/jep002 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Aerobic exercise training reduces epicardial fat in obese men
Kim, M.-K., Tomita, T., Kim, M.-J., Sasai, H., Maeda, S., & Tanaka, K. (2008) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90756.2008 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Divergent phenotype of rat thoracic and abdominal perivascular adipose tissues
Padilla, J., Jenkins, N. T., Vieira‐Potter, V. J., & Laughlin, M. H. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00567.2012 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Karastergiou, K., Evans, I. M., Ogston, N., Miheisi, N., Nair, D. R., Kaski, J. C., Jahangiri, M., & Mohamed‐Ali, V. (2010) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.110.204719 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Human Small Artery Function
Aghamohammadzadeh, R., Greenstein, A. S., Yadav, R., Jeziorska, M., Hama, S., Soltani, F., Pemberton, P., Ammori, B. J., Malik, R. A., Soran, H., et al. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.04.027 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Lee, Y., Chang, H., Chiang, C., Liu, C., Yeh, J., Chen, M., Chen, P., Kuo, J., & Lee, T. J.-F. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.111.027375 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
The Association of Pericardial Fat With Calcified Coronary Plaque
Ding, J., Kritchevsky, S. B., Harris, T. B., Burke, G. L., Detrano, R., Szklo, M., Carr, J. J., & Atherosclerosis, M. S. O. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.278 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Dey, D., Wong, N. D., Tamarappoo, B. K., Nakazato, R., Gransar, H., Cheng, V., Ramesh, A., Kakadiaris, I. A., Germano, G., Slomka, P. J., et al. (2009) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.08.032 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Increased Pericardial Fat Volume Measured From Noncontrast CT Predicts Myocardial Ischemia by SPECT
Tamarappoo, B. K., Dey, D., Shmilovich, H., Nakazato, R., Gransar, H., Cheng, V., Friedman, J. D., Hayes, S. W., Thomson, L., Slomka, P. J., et al. (2010) · JACC. Cardiovascular imaging · doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2010.07.014 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Wheeler, G. L., Shi, R., Beck, S. R., Langefeld, C. D., Lenchik, L., Wagenknecht, L. E., Freedman, B. I., Rich, S. S., Bowden, D. W., Chen, M. Y., et al. (2005) · Investigative Radiology · doi:10.1097/00004424-200502000-00007 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Chemerin Connects Fat to Arterial Contraction
Watts, S. W., Dorrance, A. M., Penfold, M. E. T., Rourke, J. L., Sinal, C. J., Seitz, B. M., Sullivan, T. J., Charvat, T. T., Thompson, J., Burnett, R. J., et al. (2013) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.113.301476 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Effects of weight loss after bariatric surgery on epicardial fat measured using echocardiography
Willens, H. J., Byers, P., Chirinos, J. A., Labrador, E., Hare, J. M., & de Marchena, E. (2007) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.12.042 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Perivascular Adipose Tissue Potentiates Contraction of Coronary Vascular Smooth Muscle
Owen, M. K., Witzmann, F. A., McKenney, M., et al. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.112.001238 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Epicardial adipose tissue in patients with heart failure
Doesch, C., Haghi, D., Flüchter, S., Süselbeck, T., Schoenberg, S. O., Michaely, H. J., Borggrefe, M. M., & Papavassiliu, T. (2010) · Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · doi:10.1186/1532-429x-12-40 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Wang, T., Lee, W., Shih, F., Huang, C., Chang, Y., Chen, W., Lee, Y., & Chen, M.-F. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0834 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Baker, A. R., Harte, A. L., Howell, N., Pritlove, D. C., Ranasinghe, A. M., da Silva, N. F., Youssef, E. M., Khunti, K. K., Davies, M. J., Bonser, R. S., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2579 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Shin, S. Y., Yong, H. S., Lim, H. E., Na, J. O., CHOI, C. U., Choi, J., Kim, S. H., Kim, J. W., Kim, E. J., PARK, S. W., et al. (2011) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8167.2010.01993.x · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Pericardial Adipose Tissue, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Liu, J., Fox, C. S., Hickson, D. A., Sarpong, D. F., Ekunwe, L., May, W. D., Hundley, G. W., Carr, J. J., & Taylor, H. A. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-0245 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Langheim, S., Dreas, L., Veschini, L., Maisano, F., Foglieni, C., Ferrarello, S., Sinagra, G., Zingone, B., Alfieri, O., Ferrero, E., et al. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00617.2009 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Adaptation and maladaptation of the heart in obesity
Harmancey, R., Wilson, C. R., & Taegtmeyer, H. (2008) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.108.110031 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Brown Adipose Tissue: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets
Tam, C. S., Lecoultre, V., & Ravussin, E. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.111.042929 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Schejbal, V. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Greulich, S., Chen, W. J. Y., Maxhera, B., Rijzewijk, L. J., van der Meer, R. W., Jonker, J. T., Mueller, H., de Wiza, D. H., Floerke, R.-R., Smiris, K., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059697 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Mast cells and metabolic syndrome
Zhang, J., & Shi, G. (2010) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.12.012 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Nakanishi, R., Rajani, R., Cheng, V., Gransar, H., Nakazato, R., Shmilovich, H., Otaki, Y., Hayes, S. W., Thomson, L., Friedman, J. D., et al. (2011) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.093 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Dutour, A., Achard, V., Sell, H., Naour, N., Collart, F., Gaborit, B., Silaghi, C. A., Eckel, J., Alessi, M., Hénégar, C., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1222 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Perivascular visceral adipose tissue induces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient mice
Öhman, M. K., Luo, W., Wang, H., et al. (2011) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.012 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Tian, Z., Miyata, K., Tazume, H., Sakaguchi, H., Kadomatsu, T., Horio, E., Takahashi, O., Komohara, Y., Araki, K., Hirata, Y., et al. (2013) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.01.004 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Epicardial Fat Volume in Patients With Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
Khawaja, T., Greer, C. E., Chokshi, A. D., Chavarria, N., Thadani, S. R., Jones, M., Schaefle, K. J., Bhatia, K., Collado, J., Shimbo, D., et al. (2011) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.03.058 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Britton, K. A., Pedley, A., Massaro, J. M., Corsini, E. M., Murabito, J. M., Hoffmann, U., & Fox, C. S. (2012) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.112.004200 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Ruan, C., Zhu, D., Chen, Q.-Z., Chen, J., Guo, S., Li, X., & Gao, P. (2010) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.110.215525 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Saam, T., Rominger, A., Wolpers, S., Nikolaou, K., Rist, C., Greif, M., Cumming, P. D., Becker, A., Foerster, S., Reiser, M. F., et al. (2010) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-010-1432-2 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Iacobellis, G., Sharma, A. M., Pellicelli, A. M., Grisorio, B., Barbarini, G., & Bárbaro, G. (2007) · Current HIV Research · doi:10.2174/157016207780077084 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Relation of Epicardial Fat and Alanine Aminotransferase in Subjects With Increased Visceral Fat
Iacobellis, G., Pellicelli, A. M., Grisorio, B., Barbarini, G., Leonetti, F., Sharma, A. M., & Bárbaro, G. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.50 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Schlich, R., Willems, M., Greulich, S., Ruppe, F., Knoefel, W. T., Ouwens, D. M., Maxhera, B., Lichtenberg, A., Eckel, J., & Sell, H. (2013) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2013/982458 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Deficiency Protects Against Visceral Fat-Induced Atherosclerosis
Öhman, M. K., Wright, A. P., Wickenheiser, K. J., Luo, W., Russo, H. M., & Eitzman, D. T. (2010) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.110.205914 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Schroeter, M. R., Leifheit‐Nestler, M., Hubert, A., Schumann, B., Glückermann, R., Eschholz, N., Krüger, N., Lutz, S., Hasenfuss, G. P., Konstantinides, S., et al. (2013) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvt126 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Human mediastinal adipose tissue displays certain characteristics of brown fat
Cheung, L. K., Gertow, J., Werngren, O., Folkersen, L., Petrovič, N., Nedergaard, J., Franco‐Cereceda, A., Eriksson, P. O., & Fisher, R. M. (2013) · Nutrition and Diabetes · doi:10.1038/nutd.2013.6 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Bhattacharya, I., Drägert, K., Albert, V., Contassot, E., Damjanović, M., Hagiwara, A., Zimmerli, L., Humar, R., Hall, M. N., Battegay, E., et al. (2013) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.112.301001 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The relationship between epicardial fat volume and incident coronary artery calcium
Otaki, Y., Rajani, R., Cheng, V., Gransar, H., Nakanishi, R., Shmilovich, H., Nakazato, R., Hayes, S. W., Thomson, L., Friedman, J. D., et al. (2011) · Journal of cardiovascular computed tomography · doi:10.1016/j.jcct.2011.06.007 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Litwin, S. E. (2012) · Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1161/circimaging.112.974840 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Kiefer, F. W., Cohen, P., & Plutzky, J. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.112.123521 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mitochondrial uncoupling, ROS generation and cardioprotection
Cadenas, S. (2018) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics · doi:10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.05.019 · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Yun, J.-S., & Ko, S.-H. (2021) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154838 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Jeremic, N., Chaturvedi, P., & Tyagi, S. C. (2017) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.25450 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Patel, V. B., Shah, S., Verma, S., & Oudit, G. Y. (2017) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10741-017-9644-1 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
González, N., Moreno-Villegas, Z., González-Bris, A., Egido, J., & Lorenzo, Ó. (2017) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0528-4 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
“Finally, due to anatomic proximity of EAT and myocardium and absence of a dividing fascial plane, EAT may also play a key role in myocardial steatosis [24].”
BackgroundInfluentialImpact of different ectopic fat depots on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases
Ferrara, D., Montecucco, F., Dallegri, F., & Carbone, F. (2019) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.28821 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Salvatore, T., Galiero, R., Caturano, A., Vetrano, E., Rinaldi, L., Coviello, F., Di Martino, A., Albanese, G., Colantuoni, S., Medicamento, G., et al. (2022) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom12020176 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Salem, N. A., Batouty, N. M., Tawfik, A. M., Sobh, D. M., Gadelhak, B., Hendawy, S. R., & Laimon, W. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2021.2021.0030 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Fitzgibbons, T. P., & Czech, M. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Venue
- Journal of the American Heart Association
- Published
- 2014-03-24
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e000582-e000582
- ISSN
- 2047-9980 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4187500
- OpenAlex
- W2129744482
- Cited by
- 331
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 5.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Journal of the American Heart Association (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (P01AI046629)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK030898, R37DK030898, R01DK085753)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
- Keywords
- epicardial adipose tissue, perivascular adipose tissue, visceral fat, obesity, cardiovascular disease, cardiometabolic risk, insulin resistance, normal weight obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiac imaging, visceral adipose tissue
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood Vessels, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Obesity, Pericardium, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Signal Transduction, Risk Assessment, Inflammation Mediators, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Adiposity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
