Maternal behavior and developmental psychopathology
Abstract
This paper reviews recent developments in the phenomenology, neurobiology, and genetics of maternal behavior in animal model systems from an evolutionary perspective on psychopathology. Following a review of the phenomenology and neurobiology of maternal behavior, recent studies addressing the role of genetic factors in the maternal behavior of rodents were identified in a search of literature in peer-reviewed journals. Gene knockout studies were evaluated with regard to mouse strain background, method of behavioral phenotyping, and quantification of the behavioral deficits. Gene knockout data were then analyzed using a cluster analysis technique. At least nine genes have been identified that are necessary for the expression of one or more aspects of maternal behavior. These genes encode for three transcription factors: three enzymes, including dopamine beta hydroxylase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase; two receptors, including the prolactin and the estrogen alpha receptor; and one neuropeptide, oxytocin. Cluster analysis suggested possible relationships between specific genes. Gene knockout technology has provided new insights into the molecular basis of maternal behavior that are congruent with the existing neurobiological literature. Future studies of genetic and environmental influences on maternal behavior have the potential to inform models of disease pathogenesis.
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Maternal licking and grooming of rat pups during the postpartum period has been associated with greater OT receptor binding or increased activity in brain areas critical for the development of parenting in mammals, including the medial preoptic area, lateral septum, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, and the nucleus accumbens.
“For instance, maternal licking and grooming of rat pups during the postpartum period has been associated with greater OT receptor binding or increased activity in brain areas critical for the development of parenting in mammals, including the medial preoptic area, lateral septum, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, and the nucleus accumbens (13–16).”
From Oxytocin and the development of parenting in humans (2010) · cites this paper as [15]
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- Authors
- Leckman, J. F., & Herman, A. E.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Leckman, James F.
- ORCID
- Leckman, James F.
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-01
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 27-43
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2086366616
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 20.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH49351, P01MH049351, MH30929)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR06022)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD03008, P01HD003008)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- maternal behavior, developmental psychopathology, knockout mice, transcription factors, dopamine beta-hydroxylase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, prolactin receptor, estrogen receptor alpha, oxytocin, rodent models
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autistic Disorder, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Disease Models, Animal, Dopamine, Biological Evolution, Maternal Behavior, Muscle Proteins, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Oxytocin, Phenotype, Prolactin, Cluster Analysis, Mice, Knockout, Nitric Oxide Synthase, Drosophila Proteins, Mice
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