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Cortical Activations During Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Schizophrenia: A Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) constitute severe, incapacitating symptoms of schizophrenia. Despite increasing interest in the functional exploration of AVHs, the available findings remain difficult to integrate because of their considerable variability. The authors' aim was to perform a robust quantitative review of existing functional data in order to elucidate consistent patterns observed during the emergence of AVHs and to orient new pathophysiological models of hallucinations. METHOD: Ten positron emission tomography or functional magnetic resonance imaging studies were selected for the meta-analysis after systematic review. A total of 68 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders experiencing AVHs during scanning were included. According to a random-effects activation likelihood estimation algorithm, stereotaxic coordinates of 129 foci, reported as significant in the source studies, were extracted and computed to estimate the brain locations most consistently associated with AVHs across studies (cluster-extent threshold: 200 mm³). RESULTS: Patients experiencing AVHs demonstrated significantly increased activation likelihoods in a bilateral neural network, including the Broca's area (activation likelihood estimation=1.84×10⁻³), anterior insula (1.78×10⁻³), precentral gyrus (1.46×10⁻³), frontal operculum (1.29×10⁻³), middle and superior temporal gyri (1.59×10⁻³), inferior parietal lobule (1.33×10⁻³), and hippocampus/parahippocampal region (1.90×10⁻³). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis demonstrated that experiencing AVHs is associated with increased activity in fronto-temporal areas involved in speech generation and speech perception, but also within the medial temporal lobe, a structure notably involved in verbal memory. Such findings support a model for AVHs in which aberrant cortical activations emerge within a distributed network involved at different levels of complexity in the brain architecture. Critical future directions are considered.
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“Our present study extends this by showing commonalities between many of the neural regions activated during AVH (such as left STG, left insula, left IFG) and those strongly activated during dialogic inner speech (Jardri et al., 2011; Kühn and Gallinat, 2012).”
From The brain's conversation with itself: neural substrates of dialogic inner speech (2016) · cites this paper as Jardri et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“Recent meta-analyses of symptom-capture studies have come to only partially overlapping conclusions: while Jardri et al. (2011) found AVHs to be associated with activation in left IFG, anterior insula, superior temporal, and hippocampal areas, Kühn and Gallinat (2012) could only find consistent results for bilateral IFG, postcentral gyrus, and parietal areas.”
From Inner Speech: Development, Cognitive Functions, Phenomenology, and Neurobiology (2015) · cites this paper as Jardri et al. (2011)
In the citing paper
“Increased activation within a bilateral frontotemporal network was confirmed by coordinate-based metaanalysis of the auditory hallucination (AH) state.27”
From Are hallucinations due to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory influences on the brain? (2016) · cites this paper as [27]
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“Recent meta-analyses of symptomcapture studies have come to only partially overlapping conclusions: while Jardri et al. (2011) found AVHs to be associated with activation in left IFG, anterior insula, superior temporal, and hippocampal areas, Kühn and Gallinat (2012) could only find consistent…”
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Hallucinations and strong priors
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“Critically, the neural circuit underlying these conditioned phenomena, including superior temporal gyrus and insula, largely overlapped with the circuit engaged when patients report hearing voices in the scanner [34,35].”
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“deficits in AH.(22) While cognitive evidence for attention and working memory updating remains inconclusive, the role of attention is clearly relevant in early auditory sensory detection mechanisms.”
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“In addition to changes in these speech and language areas, changes to a range of other cortical and subcortical regions are widely reported; these findings are detailed in previous reviews.(1,2) In the current review, we largely focus on more recent studies and include neurochemical and gyrification studies for the fi…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationde Leede-Smith, S., & Barkus, E. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00367 · Cited by 222
“In a recent meta-analysis Jardri et al. (2011) noted several brain networks to be activated (fMRI, PET) during AVH, including fronto-temporal brain regions, and hippocampal/parrahippocampal regions.”
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“A more recent meta-analysis based on functional imaging studies of patients who were experiencing AVHs during scanning highlighted aberrant activations in frontal, temporal and hippocampal regions (Jardri et al., 2011).”
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Interaction of language, auditory and memory brain networks in auditory verbal hallucinations
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“One possible consequence is a predisposition to the over-activation of language regions in the absence of correct input (Jardri et al., 2011).”
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“areas (middle and superior temporal gyri and Wernicke’s area), left inferior frontal areas (Broca’s area, frontal operculum, anterior insula, precentral gyrus), as well as in their right homologues.(1) These findings suggested aberrant activations within speech perception and production brain areas during the occurren…”
BackgroundSelf-citationSystematic Meta-Analysis of Insula Volume in Schizophrenia
Shepherd, A. M., Matheson, S. L., Laurens, K. R., Carr, V. J., & Green, M. J. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.020 · Cited by 207
“Clinically, dysfunctional insular cortex can plausibly account for several characteristic signs of schizophrenia and other psychoses: aberrant structure or function of the insula is associated with psychotic symptoms (3,4), deficits in social cognition and emotion regulation (5), facial and prosodic affect perception…”
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Deficits in predictive coding underlie hallucinations in schizophrenia
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“These studies have identified increased activity during AVHs in the auditory cortex and other brain regions involved in speech perception (Sommer et al., 2008; Hoffman et al., 2011; Jardri et al., 2011).”
BackgroundThe Neurodynamic Organization of Modality-Dependent Hallucinations
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“tional disturbances in sensory cortices have been proposed to be centrally involved in their pathogenesis (Allen et al. 2008; Jardri et al. 2011).”
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Are hallucinations due to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory influences on the brain?
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Self-citationStructural correlates of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis
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“…: pronounced deactivation in the left parahippocampal gyrus has been found to precede AVH in patients with a psychotic disorder (Hoffman et al. 2008 ; Diederen et al. 2010b), and activity in this structure and the hippocampus has also been related to the presence of AVH itself (Jardri et al. 2011).”
Transcranial direct current stimulation in psychiatric disorders
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“Increased hippocampal ALFF and activation in schizophrenia are associated with cognitive and emotional dysfunction, especially hallucinations (Jardri et al., 2011; Turner et al., 2013).”
BackgroundUnderstanding auditory verbal hallucinations: a systematic review of current evidence
Upthegrove, R., Broome, M. R., Caldwell, K., Ives, J., Oyebode, F., & Wood, S. J. (2015) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12531 · Cited by 160
“Hippocampal hyperactivation is apparent during hallucinations, supporting this model of AVHs as traumatic intrusions (88).”
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“Importantly, abnormal activation, structure, and connectivity with regions of the brain associated with language and memory, including middle and superior temporal gyrus, have been proposed to underlie some positive symptoms of SZ, including hallucinations (Allen et al. 2008; Jardri et al. 2011).”
Multisensory Integration as a Window into Orderly and Disrupted Cognition and Communication
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“…of the sensory features of SZ, with neuroimaging evidence showing that such hallucinations are frequently accompanied by activity changes in the areas of the brain linked to the perception of speech, including areas of the superior temporal and inferior frontal cortices ( Jardri et al. 2011).”
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Nekovářová, T., Fajnerová, I., Horáček, J., & Španiel, F. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00171 · Cited by 155
“Along a somewhat different line, both structural and functional changes within the SN key node, the insular region, correlate with the occurrence of AVH in schizophrenia (Jardri et al., 2011; Palaniyappan et al., 2012a) and positive symptoms in general (Moran et al., 2014).”
The associations between multisensory temporal processing and symptoms of schizophrenia
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“Direct stimulation of STS induces auditory hallucinations (Postmes et al., 2014), and during hallucinations in individuals with SCZ, there are changes in the neural activation patterns in STS (Jardri et al., 2011; Shergill et al., 2000).”
InfluentialAuditory hallucinations elicit similar brain activation in psychotic and nonpsychotic individuals
Diederen, K. M. J., Daalman, K., de Weijer, A. D., Neggers, S. F. W., van Gastel, W., Blom, J. D., Kahn, R. S., & Sommer, I. E. C. (2012) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr033 · Cited by 138
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“For example, auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) have been hypothesized to result from a misattribution of inner speech to an external source [50, 51], a theory that is based largely on the fact that left IFG is activated both in neuroimaging studies of AVH (see meta-analyses in [52, 53]) and in neuroimaging studies…”
BackgroundIncreased Resting-State Gamma-Band Connectivity in First-Episode Schizophrenia
Andreou, C., Nolte, G., Leicht, G., Polomac, N., Hanganu-Opatz, I. L., Lambert, M., Engel, A. K., & Mulert, C. (2015) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu121 · Cited by 129
The multimodal connectivity of the hippocampal complex in auditory and visual hallucinations
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Self-citationPractical recommendations to conduct a neuroimaging meta-analysis for neuropsychiatric disorders
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Network Localization of State and Trait of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Schizophrenia
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Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia and Early-onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
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“, 2012) and altered brain activation (Hugdahl, 2015; Jardri et al., 2011; van den Heuvel and Fornito, 2014).”
BackgroundAlderson‐Day, B., Diederen, K. M. J., Fernyhough, C., Ford, J. M., Horga, G., Margulies, D. S., McCarthy‐Jones, S., Northoff, G., Shine, J. M., Turner, J. A., et al. (2016) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw078 · Cited by 132
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“Hypoconnectivity of the CON was more strongly associated with perceptual distortions, consistent with evidence that the CON, and specifically the insula, is activated during hallucinations (89).”
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Shinn, A. K., Baker, J. T., Cohen, B. M., & Öngür, D. (2012) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.11.037 · Cited by 136
“AH in SZ (Jardri et al., 2010).”
BackgroundInfluentialDysconnectivity of Large-Scale Functional Networks in Early Psychosis: A Meta-analysis
O’Neill, A., Mechelli, A., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2018) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sby094 · Cited by 127
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“Consistent to these findings, a meta-analysis of the existing functional data during AVH in patients with schizophrenia reported prominent involvement of the anterior insula, precentral gyrus, frontal opercular cortex, hippocampus and auditory cortex (Jardri et al., 2011).”
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What is the link between hallucinations, dreams, and hypnagogic–hypnopompic experiences?
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“Changes in frontal cortex have also been implicated in the generation of hallucinations (e.g., Allen et al., 2008; Jardri et al., 2011), for example through deficits in source monitoring and cognitive control, which might explain a contribution of impaired integrity of the genu, which carries frontal fibers, to halluc…”
BackgroundLesions causing hallucinations localize to one common brain network
Kim, N. Y., Hsu, J., Talmasov, D., Joutsa, J., Soussand, L., Wu, O., Rost, N. S., Morenas‐Rodríguez, E., Martí‐Fábregas, J., Pascual‐Leone, Á., et al. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0565-3 · Cited by 118
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“In these studies, cathodal-tDCS was applied over the left temporoparietal junction (TPJ) according to neuroimaging studies incriminating a hyperactivation of the left TPJ during hallucinations (Jardri et al. 2011).”
MethodMoseley, P., Fernyhough, C., & Ellison, A. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.10.001 · Cited by 113
An integrative framework for perceptual disturbances in psychosis
Horga, G., & Abi-Dargham, A. (2019) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-019-0234-1 · Cited by 103
Distinct processing of ambiguous speech in people with non-clinical auditory verbal hallucinations
Alderson-Day, B., Lima, C. F., Evans, S., Krishnan, S., Shanmugalingam, P., Fernyhough, C., & Scott, S. K. (2017) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awx206 · Cited by 108
“…in a number of early symptomcapture studies of people hearing voices while being scanned (Shergill et al., 2000), although later meta-analyses have failed to consistently identify this region during the hallucinatory state (Jardri et al., 2011; Kühn and Gallinat, 2012; Zmigrod et al., 2016).”
BackgroundWalton, E., Hibar, D., van Erp, T. V., Potkin, S., Roiz-Santiañez, R., Crespo-Facorro, B., Suárez-Pinilla, P., van Haren, N. V., de Zwarte, S. D., Kahn, R. S., et al. (2017) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12718 · Cited by 108
“Based on (i) well-replicated structural deficits in the STG in patients with schizophrenia, and (ii) a link between functional and volumetric measures in the STG and positive symptom dimensions (9, 19, 22, 28) we followed a region-of-interest (ROI) approach, focusing on cortical thickness in the STG.”
Not on speaking terms: hallucinations and structural network disconnectivity in schizophrenia
Ćurĉić‐Blake, B., Nanetti, L., van der Meer, L., Cerliani, L., Renken, R. J., Pijnenborg, G. H. M., & Aleman, A. (2013) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-013-0663-y · Cited by 110
Resting State Functional Connectivity in Patients with Chronic Hallucinations
Sommer, I. E., Clos, M., Meijering, A. L., Diederen, K. M. J., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043516 · Cited by 103
Orlov, N. D., Giampietro, V., O’Daly, O., Lam, S.-L., Barker, G. J., Rubia, K., McGuire, P. K., Shergill, S. S., & Allen, P. (2018) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-017-0067-5 · Cited by 101
Lefebvre, S., Demeulemeester, M., Leroy, A., Delmaire, C., Lopes, R., Pins, D., Thomas, P., & Jardri, R. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23197 · Cited by 99
“A majority of these areas are known to be involved in auditory hallucinations [Diederen et al., 2010; Jardri et al., 2011], while additional areas such as the cingulate cortex, the parietal cortex and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were also observed to be active during this period.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationRolland, B., Amad, A., Poulet, E., Bordet, R., Vignaud, A., Bation, R., Delmaire, C., Thomas, P., Cottencin, O., & Jardri, R. (2014) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu097 · Cited by 103
“Conversely, reduced connectivity strength was evidenced by the NAcc seeds in schizophrenia patients at the level of the (4) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, (5) associative striatum, and (6) left anterior insula.”
BackgroundSelf-citationHow do auditory verbal hallucinations in patients differ from those in non-patients?
Larøi, F. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00025 · Cited by 97
“Recently, Jardri et al. (2011) performed a meta-analysis of studies ( n = 10) examining cortical activation (fMRI, PET) during AVHs and found that they were associated with increased activity in fronto-temporal (especially those involved in speech generation and perception) and medial temporal…”
The brain's conversation with itself: neural substrates of dialogic inner speech
Alderson-Day, B., Weis, S., McCarthy-Jones, S., Moseley, P., Smailes, D., & Fernyhough, C. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsv094 · Cited by 94
“insula, left IFG) and those strongly activated during dialogic inner speech (Jardri et al., 2011; Kühn and Gallinat, 2012).”
Functional neuroimaging as a catalyst for integrated neuroscience
Finn, E. S., Poldrack, R. A., & Shine, J. M. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06670-9 · Cited by 99
“Older neuro-imaging studies were concerned with identifying loci of activity associated with hallucinations 125 to understand the extent to which hallucinations resemble true sensory experiences in their functional neuroanatomy, whereas more recent fMRI studies are leveraging methodological…”
BackgroundFusar‐Poli, P., Smieskova, R., Serafini, G., Politi, P., & Borgwardt, S. (2012) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2011.630408 · Cited by 96
de Weijer, A. D., Mandl, R. C. W., Diederen, K. M. J., Neggers, S. F. W., Kahn, R. S., Pol, H. E. H., & Sommer, I. E. (2011) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.05.010 · Cited by 101
“Several brain areas consistently showed activation during AVH (Jardri et al., 2010), such as the right and left temporo-parietal cortices and Broca's area and its right-sided homologue (Shergill et al.”
From Phenomenology to Neurophysiological Understanding of Hallucinations in Children and Adolescents
Jardri, R., Bartels‐Velthuis, A. A., Debbané, M., Jenner, J. A., Kelleher, I., Dauvilliers, Y. A., Plazzi, G., Demeulemeester, M., David, C. N., Rapoport, J. L., et al. (2014) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu029 · Cited by 98
Self-citationCognitive mechanisms of auditory verbal hallucinations in psychotic and non-psychotic groups
Badcock, J. C., & Hugdahl, K. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.07.010 · Cited by 92
Mondino, M., Haesebaert, F., Poulet, E., Suaud‐Chagny, M., & Brunelin, J. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.054 · Cited by 92
“Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in patients with schizophrenia have been associated with abnormal activity within the frontal and temporo-parietal areas (Jardri et al., 2011) and with a failure in source-monitoring processes (Frith, 1995; Waters et al., 2012).”
BackgroundFord, J. M., Palzes, V. A., Roach, B. J., Potkin, S. G., van Erp, T. G. M., Turner, J. A., Mueller, B. A., Calhoun, V. D., Voyvodic, J. T., Belger, A., et al. (2014) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu031 · Cited by 90
Abnormalities in structural covariance of cortical gyrification in schizophrenia
Palaniyappan, L. K., Park, B., Balain, V., Dangi, R., & Liddle, P. F. (2014) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-014-0772-2 · Cited by 94
“guage-processing regions that are repeatedly implicated in the generation of psychotic symptoms (Jardri et al. 2011; Li et al. 2012; Modinos et al. 2013).”
BackgroundGeoffroy, P. A., Houenou, J., Duhamel, A., Amad, A., De Weijer, A. D., Ćurčić-Blake, B., Linden, D. E. J., Thomas, P., & Jardri, R. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.07.014 · Cited by 90
“Auditory-verbal hallucinations (AVHs), i.e., hearing voices in the absence of external stimuli, can be observed trans-diagnostically, although they are notably present in the schizophrenia spectrum (SZ) (Jardri et al., 2013).”
ResultInfluentialSelf-citationThe role of the primary auditory cortex in the neural mechanism of auditory verbal hallucinations
Kompus, K., Falkenberg, L. E., Bless, J. J., Johnsen, E., Kroken, R. A., Kråkvik, B., Larøi, F., Løberg, E.-M., Vedul-Kjelsås, E., Westerhausen, R., et al. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00144 · Cited by 91
“…by the wide-spread activation networks observed during the experience of ongoing AVHs, including higher auditory areas in the STG, but also parietal and frontal areas, and subcortical structures (Jardri et al., 2011; Kompus et al., 2011; Allen et al., 2012; see van Lutterveld et al., 2013).”
BackgroundTomescu, M. I., Rihs, T. A., Roinishvili, M., Karahanoğlu, F. I., Schneider, M., Menghetti, S., Ville, D. V. D., Brand, A., Chkonia, E. D., D, S. E. M., et al. (2015) · Schizophrenia Research Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.scog.2015.04.005 · Cited by 91
“Hence, the salience network dysfunction would be responsible for the emergence of psychotic symptoms, such as active auditory hallucinations, which were associated with increased activation in nodes of the SN (Jardri et al., 2011; Palaniyappan and Liddle, 2012).”
BackgroundFrӧhlich, F., Burrello, T. N., Mellin, J. M., Cordle, A. L., Lustenberger, C., Gilmore, J. H., & Jarskog, L. F. (2016) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.11.005 · Cited by 91
“Specifically, auditory cortical areas in the left temporo-parietal region have been shown to be hyperactive during auditory hallucinations in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies [8,9].”
BackgroundLeptourgos, P., Fortier, M., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Corlett, P. R., Dupuis, D., Halberstadt, A. L., Kometer, M., Kozáková, E., Larøi, F., Noorani, T. N., et al. (2020) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaa117 · Cited by 90
Self-citationAuditory hallucinations: A review of the ERC “VOICE” project
Hugdahl, K. (2015) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v5.i2.193 · Cited by 93
Mallikarjun, P. K., Lalousis, P. A., Dunne, T. F., Heinze, K., Reniers, R. L. E. P., Broome, M. R., Farmah, B., Oyebode, F., Wood, S. J., & Upthegrove, R. (2018) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-018-0118-6 · Cited by 91
“To give some address to this we have corrected for multiple comparisons using family- Table 2 Coordinates of brain regions activated during auditory verbal hallucinations (n= 9) Region of interest (BA) MNI Coordinates (x y z) Cluster size, p value (uncorr) Cluster 1 (left) Lingual gyrus (18) -24 -58 -4 k= 121 p 0.001*…”
InfluentialPalaniyappan, L. K., White, T. P., & Liddle, P. F. (2012) · Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/156802612805289881 · Cited by 91
Bose, A., Shivakumar, V., Agarwal, S. M., Kalmady, S. V., Shenoy, S., Sreeraj, V. S., Narayanaswamy, J. C., & Venkatasubramanian, G. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.08.047 · Cited by 84
Billig, A. J., Lad, M., Sedley, W., & Griffiths, T. D. (2022) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102326 · Cited by 92
Beyond differences between the body schema and the body image: insights from body hallucinations
Pitron, V., & de Vignemont, F. (2017) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2017.06.006 · Cited by 86
Bauer, C. C. C., Okano, K., Ghosh, S., Lee, Y. J., Melero, H., Angeles, C. D. L., Nestor, P. G., del Re, E. C., Northoff, G., Niznikiewicz, M. A., et al. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112770 · Cited by 78
Hoffman, R. E., Wu, K., Pittman, B., Cahill, J. D., Hawkins, K. A., Fernandez, T., & Hannestad, J. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.01.016 · Cited by 82
Whalley, H. C., Papmeyer, M., Romaniuk, L., Sprooten, E., Johnstone, E. C., Hall, J., Lawrie, S. M., Evans, K. L., Blumberg, H. P., Sussmann, J. E., et al. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2012.137 · Cited by 82
“…2008), and there are reports of associations of abnormalities in this region with clinical symptoms seen in the disorder (Kircher et al, 2001; Zhou et al, 2005; Nenadic et al, 2010; Jardri et al, 2011) together with neurological soft signs such as sensory integration deficits (Dazzan et al, 2004).”
BackgroundEchoes of the spoken past: how auditory cortex hears context during speech perception
Skipper, J. I. (2014) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0297 · Cited by 89
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Schizophrenia From a Levels of Explanation Perspective.
Hugdahl, K., & Sommer, I. (2018) · Schizophrenia bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx142 · Cited by 83
de Weijer, A. D., Neggers, S. F. W., Diederen, K. M. J., Mandl, R. C. W., Kahn, R. S., Pol, H. E. H., & Sommer, I. E. (2011) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21463 · Cited by 86
“Its exact pathophysiology remains elusive, although functional MRI studies suggest the involvement of the language system [Diederen et al., 2010; Ford et al., 2007; Heinks-Maldonado et al., 2007; Jardri et al., 2010; Shergill et al., 2000; Sommer et al., 2008; Whitford et al., 2010].”
BackgroundKubera, K., Sambataro, F., Vasić, N., Wolf, N. D., Frasch, K., Hirjak, D., Thomann, P. A., & Wolf, R. C. (2014) · Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.11.015 · Cited by 83
Curcic-Blake, B., Liemburg, E., Vercammen, A., Swart, M., Knegtering, H., Bruggeman, R., & Aleman, A. (2013) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs107 · Cited by 78
“Age in years 31 (10) 30 (5) 34 (13) F(2,44) = 0.”
A 20-year multi-follow-up of hallucinations in schizophrenia, other psychotic, and mood disorders
Goghari, V. M., Harrow, M., Grossman, L. S., & Rosen, C. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712002206 · Cited by 78
“Last, there is an increasing literature documenting biological mechanisms that may be involved in hallucinations (Shergill et al. 2000 ; Hubl et al. 2004 ; Goghari et al. 2010 ; Jardri et al. 2011) ; however, this literature needs to be supplemented with research on the phenomenology and theoretical significance of ha…”
BackgroundTranscranial direct-current stimulation in ultra-treatment-resistant schizophrenia
Lindenmayer, J., Kulsa, M. K. C., Sultana, T., Kaur, A., Yang, R., Ljuri, I., Parker, B., & Khan, A. (2018) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2018.10.002 · Cited by 76
Horga, G., Cassidy, C., Xu, X., Moore, H. M., Slifstein, M., Snellenberg, J. X. V., & Abi‐Dargham, A. (2016) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0178 · Cited by 76
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Positive Symptoms in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review
Marzouk, T., Homan, S., Azizi, H., Malhotra, A. K., & Homan, P. (2019) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000502148 · Cited by 76
Cui, Y. J., Liu, B., Song, M., Lipnicki, D. M., Li, J., Xie, S., Chen, Y., Li, P., Lü, L., Lv, L., et al. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717001520 · Cited by 74
“In addition, functional activity analyses using functional MRI or positron emission tomography have demonstrated dysfunctional activations associated with auditory hallucinations in the MTG (McGuire et al. 1995; Woodruff et al. 1995; Lennox et al. 1999; Jardri et al. 2011).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Jardri, R., Pouchet, A., Pins, D., & Thomas, P.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 168
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 73-81
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2142837020
- Cited by
- 651
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 72
- FWCI
- 3.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- auditory verbal hallucinations, schizophrenia, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, cortical activation, activation likelihood estimation, Broca's area, anterior insula, frontal operculum, temporal lobe, hippocampus, parahippocampal region, speech generation, speech perception, verbal memory, fronto-temporal network, medial temporal lobe
- MeSH terms
- Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Hallucinations, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Positron-Emission Tomography
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