CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 377Sleep and related disordersCircadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Epidemiology of Morningness/Eveningness: Influence of Age, Gender, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Factors in Adults (30-49 Years)

Paine, Sarah-Jane, Gander, Philippa H., Travier, Noemie·2006·Journal of Biological Rhythms
DOI 10.1177/0748730405283154
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The Horne and Ostberg Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) is widely used to differentiate between morning and evening types, but there is very little epidemiological evidence about the distribution of MEQ chronotypes in the general population. The purpose of the present study was to simultaneously investigate the influence of demographic, socioeconomic, and work factors on the distribution of morningness/eveningness. A New Zealand version of the MEQ was mailed to 5000 New Zealand adults, ages 30 to 49 years, who were randomly selected from the electoral rolls (55.7% response rate). A total of 2526 questionnaires were included in the analyses. According to the Horne and Ostberg classification, 49.8% of the total population was classified as morning type compared to 5.6% having an evening-type preference. However, using new cutoffs for middle-aged working adults described by Taillard et al. (2004), 24.7% of the population was morning type and 26.4% was evening type. After controlling for ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic deprivation, participants ages 30 to 34 years were more likely to be definitely evening type (odds ratio [OR] = 1.59, p < 0.05) and less likely to be morning type (moderately morning type, OR = 0.59, p < 0.01, or definitely morning type, OR = 0.59, p < 0.05) compared to those ages 45 to 49 years. Work schedules were also important predictors of chronotype, with night workers more likely to be definitely evening type (OR = 1.49, p = 0.05) and the unemployed less likely to be moderately morning type (OR = 0.64, p < 0.05) compared to other workers. Evening types were 2.5 times more likely to report that their general health was only poor or fair compared to morning types (p < 0.01). This study confirms that the original criteria of Horne and Ostberg (1976) are not useful for classifying chronotypes in a middle-aged population. The authors conclude that morningness/eveningness preference is largely independent of ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic position, indicating that it is a stable characteristic that may be better explained by endogenous factors.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/0748730405283154

Cites

47 of 47 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 48 references

Research works printed but not linked: 13

  1. Adan A and Almirall H (1992) The influence of age work schedule and personality on morningness dimension · DOI
  2. [erratum appears in Int J Psychophysiol 1993;15:87].
  3. Carrier J, Monk TH, Buysse DJ, and Kupfer DJ (1998) Morningness-eveningness as a mediator of sleep changes during the young adult and middle years of life (20-59y). Sleep 21:299.
  4. Council of the European Union (1993) Council Directive 93/104/EC of 23 November 1993 concerning certain aspects of the organization of working time. Off J Eur Comm L307:18.
  5. Harris R (2003) Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: Symptoms and risk factors among Maori and non-Maori adults in Aotearoa. Masters of Public Health, Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington.
  6. Ministry of Health (1999) Taking the Pulse: The 1996/97 New Zealand Health Survey. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Health.
  7. Nunnally JC and Bernstein IH (1994) Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  8. Robson B (2002) Mana whakama-rama—Equal Explanatory Power: Ma-ori and Non-Ma-ori Sample Size in National Health Surveys. Wellington, New Zealand: Eru Po-mare Ma-ori Health Research Centre, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago and Public Health Intelligence, Ministry of Health.
  9. Salmond C and Crampton P (2002) NZDep2001 Index of Deprivation. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Public Health, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago.
  10. Statistics New Zealand (2002) New Zealand Census of Population and Dwellings 2001. Wellington: Statistics New Zealand.
  11. Te Ro-pu-Rangahau Hauora a Eru Po-mare (2000) Counting for nothing: Understanding the issues in monitoring disparities in health. Soc Pol J NZ 14:1-16.
  12. Van Dongen HPA (1998) Inter- and Intra-Individual Differences in Circadian Phase. Doctoral dissertation Department of Physiology Leiden University Leiden.
  13. Zlomanczuk P and Schwartz WJ (1999) Cellular and molecular mechanisms of circadian rhythms in mammals. In Regulation of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms, Turek FW and Zee PC, eds, pp 309-342, New York, Marcel Dekker.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Paine, S.-J., Gander, P. H., & Travier, N.
Affiliations
  • Massey University (NZ)
  • Sleep/Wake Research Centre, Centre for Public Health Research, Research School of Public Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Biological Rhythms
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2006-02
Volume
21
Issue
1
Pages
68-76
ISSN
  • 0748-7304 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-4531
DOI
10.1177/0748730405283154
OpenAlex
W2157608582
Cited by
377
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 19
FWCI
18.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Biological Rhythms (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • European Commission
  • Massey University
  • Health Research Council of New Zealand
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords
chronotype, middle-aged adults, age differences, gender differences, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, socioeconomic deprivation, night work, employment status, health status, New Zealand adults, endogenous circadian rhythm, work schedules
MeSH terms
Adult, Age Factors, Biological Clocks, Chronobiology Phenomena, Circadian Rhythm, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, New Zealand, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Sleep, Socioeconomic Factors, Wakefulness

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review