Cited by 252Sleep and related disordersCircadian rhythm and melatoninAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

CHRONOTYPE ASSOCIATIONS WITH DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY DISORDERS IN A LARGE COHORT STUDY: Research Article: Chronotypes in Depression and Anxiety

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Antypa, Niki, Vogelzangs, Nicole, Meesters, Ybe, Schoevers, Robert, Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.·2016·Depression and Anxiety

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The chronotype, being a morning or an evening type, can influence an individual's psychological health. Studies have shown a link between depressed mood and being an evening type; however, most studies have used symptom scales and not diagnostic criteria, and confounding factors such as sleep patterns and somatic health factors have often not been considered. This study aims to examine the association between chronotype and depressive (major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia) and anxiety (generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and social phobia) disorders diagnosed using clinical interviews, while taking into account relevant sociodemographic, clinical, somatic health, and sleep parameters. METHODS: Data from a large cohort, the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety were used (n = 1,944), which included 676 currently depressed and/or anxious patients, 831 remitted patients, and 437 healthy controls. Chronotype was assessed using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. RESULTS: Our results showed that current depressive and/or anxiety disorders were associated with a late chronotype (β = .10, P = .004) even when adjusting for sociodemographic, somatic health, and sleep-related factors (β = .09, P = .03). When examining each type of disorder separately, MDD only, but not dysthymia or specific anxiety disorders, was associated with the late chronotype. The late chronotype also reported significant diurnal mood variation (worse mood in the morning). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show a clear association between MDD and late chronotype (being an evening type), after controlling for a range of pertinent factors. A late chronotype is therefore associated with a current status of MDD and deserves the relevant clinical attention when considering treatments.

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  1. Kantermann T, Theadom A, Roenneberg T, Cropley M. Fi- bromyalgia syndrome and chronotype: late chronotypes are more affected. J Biol Rhythms 2012;27(2):176-179.
  2. Depression and Anxiety 15206394, 2016, 1, · DOI

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Authors
Antypa, N., Vogelzangs, N., Meesters, Y., Schoevers, R., & Penninx, B. W. J. H.
Affiliations
  • Leiden University (NL)
  • Amsterdam Neuroscience (NL)
  • University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
Corresponding author
  • Antypa, Niki
  • Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.
Venue
Depression and Anxiety
Published
2015-09-14
Volume
33
Issue
1
Pages
75-83
ISSN
1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1870078818
Cited by
252
References
79
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 16
FWCI
33.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
  • Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
  • Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
chronotype, evening chronotype, major depressive disorder, dysthymia, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, sleep patterns, physical health, Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, NESDA
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Anxiety Disorders, Circadian Rhythm, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cohort Studies, Young Adult

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