Social Investment and Personality: A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship of Personality Traits to Investment in Work, Family, Religion, and Volunteerism
Abstract
Investing in normative, age-graded social roles has broad implications for both the individual and society. The current meta-analysis examines the way in which personality traits relate to four such investments -- work, family, religion, and volunteerism. The present study uses meta-analytic techniques (K = 94) to identify the cross-sectional patterns of relationships between social investment in these four roles and the personality trait domains of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability. Results show that the extent of investment in social roles across these domains is positively related to agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and low psychoticism. These findings are more robust when individuals are psychologically committed to rather than simply demographically associated with the investment role.
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Conscientiousness predicts meaningful, prosocial involvements in the community, such as church attendance and volunteerism.
“Conscientiousness also predicts meaningful, prosocial involvements in the community , such as church attendance and volunteerism (Lodi-Smith & Roberts, 2007).”
From The Problem of Meaning in Personality Psychology from the Standpoints of Dispositional Traits, Characteristic Adaptations, and Life Stories (2010) · cites this paper as Lodi-Smith & Roberts, 2007
Dispositional traits associated with extraversion and conscientiousness appear to enhance meaning, whereas neuroticism is associated with lower levels of meaning in life.
“Dispositional traits associated with extraversion and conscientiousness appear to enhance meaning, whereas neuroticism is associated with lower levels of meaning in life.”
From The Problem of Meaning in Personality Psychology from the Standpoints of Dispositional Traits, Characteristic Adaptations, and Life Stories (2010) · cites this paper as Lodi-Smith & Roberts, 2007
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Personality change across the life span: Insights from a cross‐cultural, longitudinal study
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Capturing interactions, correlations, fits, and transactions: A Person-Environment Relations Model
Rauthmann, J. F. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813995-0.00018-2 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Personality change via work: A job demand–control model of Big-five personality changes
Wu, C. (2015) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2015.12.001 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Allemand, M., Schaffhuser, K., & Martin, M. (2015) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167215569492 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Examining Mechanisms of Personality Maturation
Specht, J., Egloff, B., & Schmukle, S. C. (2012) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550612448197 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Hudson, N. W., & Fraley, R. C. (2016) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167216637840 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
De‐investment in work and non‐normative personality trait change in young adulthood
Roberts, B. W., Walton, K. E., Bogg, T., & Caspi, A. (2006) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.607 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationKlimstra, T. A., Luyckx, K., Germeijs, V., Meeus, W., & Goossens, L. (2011) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-011-9734-7 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Examining changes in personality following shamanic ceremonial use of ayahuasca
Weiss, B., Miller, J. D., Carter, N. T., & Keith Campbell, W. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-84746-0 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self‐esteem development and life events: A review and integrative process framework
Reitz, A. K. (2022) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12709 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“For example, young adults who enter working life are expected to increase in Conscientiousness because of a reward structure for more mature behavior (e.g., meeting deadlines; Lodi-Smith & Roberts, 2007).”
BackgroundMcCullough, M. E., Friedman, H. S., Enders, C. K., & Martin, L. R. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016366 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Hudson, N., & Roberts, B. (2016) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2015.09.004 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationWagner, J., Becker, M., Lüdtke, O., & Trautwein, U. (2015) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550614566092 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
From past to future: Temporal self-continuity across the life span.
Rutt, J. L., & Löckenhoff, C. E. (2016) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/pag0000090 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Woods, S. A., Wille, B., Wu, C., Lievens, F., & Fruyt, F. D. (2018) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2018.11.010 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Adolescent Personality Development and Identity Formation
Klimstra, T. A. (2012) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/cdep.12017 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Religiosity and self-control: When the going gets tough, the religious get self-regulating.
Watterson, K., & Giesler, R. B. (2012) · Psychology of Religion and Spirituality · doi:10.1037/a0027644 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Roberts, B. W., Jackson, J. J., Bürger, J., & Trautwein, U. (2009) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579409000479 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationWeiß, A., & King, J. E. (2014) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000022 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
When Brokerage Between Friendship Cliques Endangers Trust: A Personality–Network Fit Perspective
Tasselli, S., & Kilduff, M. J. (2017) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2015.0856 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Is Character Fate, or Is There Hope to Change My Personality Yet?
Edmonds, G. W., Jackson, J. J., Fayard, J. V., & Roberts, B. W. (2008) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00037.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationPutting mood in context: Using smartphones to examine how people feel in different locations
Sandstrom, G. M., Lathia, N., Mascolo, C., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2016) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2016.06.004 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Millennials and Their Parents: Implications of the New Young Adulthood for Midlife Adults
Fingerman, K. L. (2017) · Innovation in Aging · doi:10.1093/geroni/igx026 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Propositions for the Study of Moral Personality Development
Hill, P. L., & Roberts, B. W. (2010) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721410389168 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationThe personality profile of the accountable nurse and missed nursing care
Drach‐Zahavy, A., & Srulovici, E. (2018) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.13849 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Simha, A., & Parboteeah, K. P. (2019) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-019-04142-7 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Do Agreeableness and Neuroticism Explain Age Differences in the Tendency to Forgive Others?
Steiner, M., Allemand, M., & McCullough, M. E. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167211427923 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The nature, prevalence and correlates of generativity among men in middle career
Clark, M., & Arnold, J. (2008) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2008.09.002 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The relations between life domain satisfaction and subjective well‐being
Leung, A. S. M., Cheung, Y. H., & Liu, X. (2011) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/02683941111102182 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
The Invest-and-Accrue Model of Conscientiousness
Hill, P. L., & Jackson, J. J. (2016) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/gpr0000065 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
How Adolescents Develop Responsibility: What Can Be Learned From Youth Programs
Salusky, I., Larson, R. W., Griffith, A. N., Wu, J., Raffaelli, M., Sugimura, N., & Guzman, M. (2014) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12118 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The Moral Dimensions of Boredom: A Call for Research
Elpidorou, A. (2017) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/gpr0000098 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
On Correlated Change in Personality
Allemand, M., & Martin, M. (2016) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000256 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Hutteman, R., Bleidorn, W., Keresteš, G., Brković, I., Butković, A., & Denissen, J. J. A. (2013) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1932 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Associations of Identity Dimensions with Big Five Personality Domains and Facets
Klimstra, T. A., Luyckx, K., Goossens, L., Teppers, E., & Fruyt, F. D. (2012) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1853 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lodi-Smith, J., & Roberts, B. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- ORCID
- Roberts, Brent W.
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2007-02
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 68-86
- ISSN
- 1088-8683 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7957
- OpenAlex
- W2155327326
- Cited by
- 513
- References
- 184
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 2.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Social Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01 AG21178, R01AG021178)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering
- Keywords
- social investment, personality traits, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, psychoticism, household investment, volunteering, psychological commitment
- MeSH terms
- Attitude, Family, Humans, Personality, Religion, Social Behavior, Volunteers, Workplace
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