A Call to Action on Assessing and Mitigating Bias in Artificial Intelligence Applications for Mental Health
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Advances in computer science and data-analytic methods are driving a new era in mental health research and application. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies hold the potential to enhance the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of people experiencing mental health problems and to increase the reach and impact of mental health care. However, AI applications will not mitigate mental health disparities if they are built from historical data that reflect underlying social biases and inequities. AI models biased against sensitive classes could reinforce and even perpetuate existing inequities if these models create legacies that differentially impact who is diagnosed and treated, and how effectively. The current article reviews the health-equity implications of applying AI to mental health problems, outlines state-of-the-art methods for assessing and mitigating algorithmic bias, and presents a call to action to guide the development of fair-aware AI in psychological science.
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Biases in LLM-based chatbots may perpetuate social inequities, potentially harming underrepresented or stigmatized groups in a (mental) health context, e.g., through errors in diagnostic classifications, proposals of interventions, or mental health advice.
“Biases in LLM-based chatbots may perpetuate social inequities, potentially harming underrepresented or stigmatized groups in a (mental) health context, e.g., through errors in diagnostic classifications, proposals of interventions, or mental health advice56.”
From A scoping review on the mental health harms of LLM-based chatbots (2026) · cites this paper as [56]
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- Authors
- Timmons, A. C., Duong, J. B., Simo Fiallo, N., Lee, T., Vo, H. P. Q., Ahle, M. W., Comer, J. S., Brewer, L. C., Frazier, S. L., & Chaspari, T.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University
- Florida International University (US)
- Texas A&M University (US)
- Colliga Apps Corporation, Austin, Texas
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Timmons, Adela C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Perspectives on Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2022-12-09
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1062-1096
- ISSN
- 1745-6916 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-6924
- PMC
- PMC10250563
- OpenAlex
- W4311026115
- Cited by
- 263
- References
- 226
- Citations by year
- 2026: 82 · 2025: 107 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 52.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Perspectives on Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R42MH123368)
- National Science Foundation (1930019, DGE-0937362)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
- Keywords
- algorithmic bias, artificial intelligence in mental health, health equity, mental health disparities, bias mitigation, algorithmic fairness, access to mental health care
- MeSH terms
- Artificial Intelligence, Awareness, Humans, Mental Health, Technology, Bias
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