Two Types of Value-Affirmation: Implications for Self-Control Following Social Exclusion
Abstract
The authors tested the hypothesis that affirming self-transcendent values attenuates negative consequences of self-threat better than affirming self-enhancement values. If value-affirmation buffers against threat because it bolsters the self, then affirming either a self-transcendent or self-enhancement value should similarly prevent typical decreased self-control after exclusion. However, if value-affirmations buffer the effects of threat because they promote self-transcendence, then affirming values related to self-transcendence should provide a better buffer against decreased self-control after exclusion. Ninety-two undergraduate students received either intentional or unintentional social exclusion. Participants then affirmed either a self-transcendent or self-enhancement value, or wrote about their daily routine. Consistent with predictions, participants ate more cookies when they were intentionally rather than unintentionally excluded; this effect was attenuated by affirming an important value, especially a self-transcendent value. This suggests that value-affirmation may be a particularly effective method of coping with self-threats when it increases self-transcendence.
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Research on affirmations demonstrates their value in increasing self-awareness, implementing associated behaviors, fostering self-control, and regulating stress.
“Research on affirmations demonstrates their value in increasing self-awareness, implementing associated behaviors, fostering self-control, and regulating stress (Burson et al., 2012; Ferrer et al., 2012; Harris, 2011; Sherman, 2013).”
From A hope intervention for adolescents: a randomized controlled trial delivered by paraprofessionals (2025) · cites this paper as Burson et al., 2012
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Affirming the Less Defended Self: Quiet Ego Reminders Reduce Implicit Self-Other Bias
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The Relationships Among Anxiety, Experiential Avoidance, and Valuing in Daily Experiences
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Ostracism in the era of COVID-19: Intrapersonal, interpersonal, and intergroup perspectivesPreprint
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Cognitive Reactions after Social Exclusion
Jin, J., & Hu, J. (2014)
Pupillometric Response to Implicit Social Exclusion
Balbona, J. V., Hwang, G. M., & Markson, L. (2017) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis)
Passionately motivated reasoning: Biased processing of passion‐threatening messages
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Self-citationA Review of the Impact and Mitigation Methods of Social Exclusion
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Self-Transcendence and Meaning in Life: The Mediating Role of Symbolic Immortality
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Gaps in Modularity Methodology Theoretical Frameworks
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- Authors
- Burson, A., Crocker, J., & Mischkowski, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Burson, Aleah
- Venue
- Social Psychological and Personality Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-02-01
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 510-516
- ISSN
- 1948-5506 (ISSN-L)
- 1948-5514
- OpenAlex
- W2000027315
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 9.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Social Psychological and Personality Science (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ohio State University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- values affirmation, self-transcendent values, self-enhancement values, self-threat, social exclusion, self-control, coping, dietary habits
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