Affective and Self-Esteem Instability in the Daily Lives of People With Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder

Farmer, Antonina S.; Kashdan, Todd B.

doi:10.1177/2167702613495200

Cited by 81Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMental Health Research TopicsChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

Affective and Self-Esteem Instability in the Daily Lives of People With Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder

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Farmer, Antonina S., Kashdan, Todd B.·2014·Clinical Psychological Science

DOI 10.1177/2167702613495200PMC PMC4373612

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Abstract

Research on affect and self-esteem in social anxiety disorder (SAD) has focused on trait or average levels, but we know little about the dynamic patterns of these experiences in the daily lives of people with SAD. We asked 40 adults with SAD and 39 matched healthy controls to provide end-of-day reports on their affect and self-esteem over 2 weeks. Compared to healthy adults, participants with SAD exhibited greater instability of negative affect and self-esteem, though the self-esteem effect was driven by mean-level differences. The SAD group also demonstrated a higher probability of acute changes in negative affect and self-esteem (i.e., from one assessment period to the next), as well as difficulty maintaining positive states and improving negative states (i.e., dysfunctional self-regulation). Our findings provide insights on the phenomenology of SAD, with particular attention to the temporal dependency, magnitude of change, and directional patterns of psychological experiences in everyday life.

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The lack of significance for positive affect contradicted many other ambulatory assessment studies that yielded significant between-person associations between lower levels of positive affect and higher levels of negative affect with social anxiety.
“This lack of significance contradicted many other AA studies that yielded significant between-person associations between lower levels of PA and higher levels of NA with SA [16,20,30,54,57,58,61,69,70].”
From Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [16]
Individuals with social anxiety disorder showed higher overall levels of negative affect and more emotional instability, but this was not the case for positive affect.
“Individuals with SAD showed not only higher overall levels of NA but also more emotional instability, which was not the case for PA [16].”
From Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [16]
Farmer and Kashdan found that individuals with social anxiety disorder were 3 times more likely to present acute shifts in negative affect.
“Farmer and Kashdan [16] found that individuals with SAD were 3 times more likely to present acute shifts in NA”
From Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [16]

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Authors: Farmer, A. S., & Kashdan, T. B.
Affiliations: George Mason University (US)
Corresponding author: Kashdan, Todd B.
ORCID: Farmer, Antonina S.
Kashdan, Todd B.
Venue: Clinical Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2013-07-23
Volume: 2
Issue: 2
Pages: 187-201
ISSN: 2167-7026 (ISSN-L)
2167-7034
DOI: 10.1177/2167702613495200
PMC: PMC4373612
OpenAlex: W2091099740
Cited by: 81
References: 89
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3
FWCI: 7.21
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R21MH073937)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (F31DA029390)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: generalized social anxiety disorder, self-esteem instability, negative affect, everyday life, within-person variability, self-regulation, phenomenology of anxiety

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

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Affective and Self-Esteem Instability in the Daily Lives of People With Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder

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