Spontaneous Thought and Vulnerability to Mood Disorders: The Dark Side of the Wandering Mind

Marchetti, Igor; Koster, Ernst H. W.; Klinger, Eric; Alloy, Lauren B.

doi:10.1177/2167702615622383

Cited by 165Mind wandering and attentionAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesIdentity, Memory, and Therapy

Spontaneous Thought and Vulnerability to Mood Disorders: The Dark Side of the Wandering Mind

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Marchetti, Igor, Koster, Ernst H. W., Klinger, Eric, Alloy, Lauren B.·2016·Clinical Psychological Science

DOI 10.1177/2167702615622383PMC PMC5544025

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Abstract

There is increasing interest in spontaneous thought, namely task-unrelated or rest-related mental activity. Spontaneous thought is an umbrella term for processes like mindwandering, involuntary autobiographical memory, and daydreaming, with evidence elucidating adaptive and maladaptive consequences. In this theoretical framework, we propose that, apart from its positive functions, spontaneous thought is a precursor for cognitive vulnerability in individuals who are at-risk for mood disorders. Importantly, spontaneous thought mostly focuses on unattained goals and evaluates the discrepancy between current and desired status (Klinger, 1971, 2013a). In individuals who stably (i.e., trait negative affectivity) or transitorily (i.e., stress) experience negative emotions in reaction to goal-discrepancy, spontaneous thought fosters major cognitive vulnerabilities (e.g., rumination, hopelessness, low self-esteem, and cognitive reactivity) which, in turn, enhance depression. Furthermore, we also highlight preliminary links between spontaneous thought and bipolar disorder. The evidence for this framework is reviewed and we discuss theoretical and clinical implications of our proposal.

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SCT symptoms, more than ADHD inattentive symptoms, are marked by more mind-wandering and rumination, which are key cognitive processes underpinning internalizing psychopathologies.
“Collectively, these findings indicate that SCT symptoms, more so than ADHD inattentive symptoms, are marked by more mind-wandering and rumination, which are considered key cognitive processes underpinning internalizing psychopathologies (Marchetti et al., 2016).”
From Disentangling the effects of attentional difficulties on fears of social evaluation and social anxiety symptoms: Unique interactions with sluggish cognitive tempo (2020) · cites this paper as Marchetti et al., 2016

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Authors: Marchetti, I., Koster, E. H. W., Klinger, E., & Alloy, L. B.
Affiliations: Ghent University (BE)
University of Minnesota Morris (US)
Temple University (US)
Corresponding author: Marchetti, Igor
ORCID: Marchetti, Igor
Koster, Ernst H. W.
Alloy, Lauren B.
Venue: Clinical Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2016-06-21
Volume: 4
Issue: 5
Pages: 835-857
ISSN: 2167-7026 (ISSN-L)
2167-7034
DOI: 10.1177/2167702615622383
PMC: PMC5544025
OpenAlex: W2220121489
Cited by: 165
References: 170
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5
FWCI: 8.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
ArTS Archivio della ricerca di Trieste (University of Trieste https://www.units.it/) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Vlaamse regering
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH079369, R01MH102310, R01MH077908, R01MH101168)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
Keywords: spontaneous thought, involuntary autobiographical memories, daydreaming, cognitive vulnerability, mood disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, goal discrepancy, negative affectivity, stress, rumination, hopelessness, self-esteem, cognitive reactivity

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Spontaneous Thought and Vulnerability to Mood Disorders: The Dark Side of the Wandering Mind

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