The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 4 of the 15 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study
Open accessAbstract
Persistent antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies are occasionally found in subjects without prior history of thromboembolic events (TEs), raising the dilemma of whether to initiate or not a primary thromboprophylaxis. A first TE is considered rare in aPL carriers, but previous studies did not consider the aPL profile nor was the test positivity confirmed in a reference laboratory. In this study, 104 subjects with high-risk aPL profile (positive lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, and anti-β2–glycoprotein I antibodies, triple positivity) confirmed in a reference laboratory, were followed up for a mean of 4.5 years. There were 25 first TEs (5.3% per year): the cumulative incidence after 10 years was 37.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.9%-54.3%). On multivariate analysis, male sex (hazard ratio = 4.4; 95% CI, 1.5-13.1, P = .007) and risk factors for venous thromboembolism (hazard ratio = 3.3; 95% CI, 1.3-8.5, P = .01) were independent predictors for TEs. Aspirin did not significantly affect the incidence of TE. In conclusion, the occurrence of a first TE in carriers of high-risk aPL profile is considerable; it is more frequent among male subjects and in the presence of additional risk factors for venous TE. These data can help in the decision to initiate primary thromboprophylaxis in these subjects.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
In 104 asymptomatic carriers of triple-positive antiphospholipid antibodies confirmed in a reference laboratory, first thromboembolic events occurred at 5.3% per year, with a 10-year cumulative incidence of 37.1%. Male sex and venous thromboembolism risk factors independently predicted events, whereas aspirin did not significantly reduce them.
Key findings
- During 469 patient-years of follow-up, there were 25 first thromboembolic events (5.3% per year); cumulative incidence was 9.8% (95% CI, 3.7%-15.9%) at 2 years, 27.3% (95% CI, 17.1%-37.5%) at 5 years, and 37.1% (95% CI, 19.9%-54.3%) at 10 years.
- On multivariate analysis, independent predictors of thromboembolism were male sex (hazard ratio 4.4; 95% CI, 1.5-13.1; P = .007) and presence of risk factors for venous thromboembolism (hazard ratio 3.3; 95% CI, 1.3-8.5; P = .01).
- Aspirin prophylaxis did not significantly affect thromboembolic events on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2-1.5; P = .2); it was close to significance on univariate analysis but did not achieve statistical significance.
- Among the 25 events, there were 12 arterial and 11 venous thromboembolic events, 1 right atrial thrombosis, and 1 renal thrombotic microangiopathy.
Methods
- Multicenter prospective cohort of 104 subjects with high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile (triple positivity: lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, and anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies) on 2 occasions at least 12 weeks apart, without clinical features of antiphospholipid syndrome; triple positivity was confirmed in a reference laboratory. Mean age was 45 years, 79% were female, and mean follow-up was 4.5 years.
- Subjects were seen annually or earlier as clinically indicated; no long-term anticoagulant treatment was prescribed, and short-term low-molecular-weight heparin was given in high-risk thromboembolism scenarios. Data collected included demographic, laboratory, and clinical variables, autoimmune disease, arterial and venous risk factors, and aspirin treatment.
- Kaplan-Meier survival analysis estimated cumulative incidence of thromboembolism; Cox regression survival analysis identified predictors among demographic factors, autoimmune diseases, anticardiolipin isotype, arterial and venous risk factors, and aspirin treatment. Statistical significance was set at P < .05; analyses used SPSS.
Limitations
- The paper does not include a formal limitations section. It states that larger clinical trials are definitely needed to test hypotheses about aspirin and hydroxychloroquine.
- Evident from the text: treatment with aspirin was observational rather than randomized, so confounding by indication cannot be excluded; the cohort had 104 subjects and 25 events, yielding wide confidence intervals for some estimates.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
8 Own result · 7 No full text of the sources · 4 Own interpretation · 3 Own method · 2 Partly supported · 1 Supported so far · 1 Couldn’t confirm · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“that (1.36%) of 125 single aPL positive carriers with a mean age of 41 years (data taken by a recently published study by our group), 15”
§ THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study > Discussion
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [15] Ruffatti, 2011, Risk factors for a first thrombotic event in antiphospholipid antibody carriers: a prospective multicentre follow-up study., Ann Rheum Dis sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results and Discussion report an annual thrombosis incidence of 1.86 per 100 patients for the full cohort of 258 aPL carriers. Searches for 125 single-positive carriers and a 1.36% annual rate found no passage reporting that subgroup rate; the overall rate does not establish or contradict it. (LLM, conf=0.73)
plainn = 125- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“the higher incidence of TEs recorded in this study may be related to the selection of high-risk aPL-positive population”
§ THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study > Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [15] Ruffatti, 2011, Risk factors for a first thrombotic event in antiphospholipid antibody carriers: a prospective multicentre follow-up study., Ann Rheum Dis sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Analysis of risk factors for thrombosis identifies hypertension and lupus anticoagulant as independent predictors of thrombotic events, supporting the premise that risk profile matters. The Discussion describes this source paper’s own event rate as low and similar to other studies; it does not assess whether selection of a high-risk population explains the higher incidence in the citing study. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.78)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [16] Mok, 2005, Incidence and risk factors of thromboembolism systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparison of three ethnic groups., Arthritis Rheum source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the 18 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine, 2 (11%) had a first TE in the follow-up period.”
§ THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study > Discussion
plainn = 18- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“male sex (hazard ratio ϭ 4.4; 95% CI, 1.5-13.1,P ϭ .007)and the presence of factors predisposing to VTE (hazard ratio ϭ 3.3; 95% CI, 1.3-8.5,P ϭ .01)were found to be independent predictors for clinical events”
§ THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study > Results
plaincorrelationaln = 25 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Aspirin prophylaxis was close to significance in reducing events on univariate analysis but did not achieve statistical significance on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio ϭ 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2-1.5,P ϭ .2)”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
“As-pirin did not significantly affect the incidence of TE.”
§ THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study > Results
plainn = 25- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“27.3% (95% CI, 17.1%-37.5%)after 5 years”
§ THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study > Results
plainn = 104- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“male sex (hazard ratio ϭ 4.4; 95% CI, 1.5-13.1,P ϭ .007)and the presence of factors predisposing to VTE (hazard ratio ϭ 3.3; 95% CI, 1.3-8.5,P ϭ .01)were found to be independent predictors for clinical events”
§ THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study > Results
plaincorrelationaln = 25 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the cumulative incidence after 10 years was 37.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.9%-54.3%)”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“and 37.1% (95% CI, 19.9%-54.3%)after 10 years (Figure 1).”
§ THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study > Abstract
plainn = 104- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this study, 104 subjects with high-risk aPL profile (positive lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, and anti- 2 -glycoprotein I antibodies, triple positivity) confirmed in a reference laboratory, were followed up for a mean of 4.5 years.There were 25 first TEs (5.3% per year)”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“During a total follow-up of 469 years, there were 25 TEs (5.3% per year).”
§ THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study > Abstract
plainn = 104- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The cumulative incidence of TEs was 9.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7%-15.9%)after 2 years”
§ THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study > Results
plainn = 104- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 7
- It may state two separate claims as one. 3
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“the annual rate (ϳ 0.4%) of first cardiovascular event (including VTE) in normal white population at 35 to 55 years of age, 14”
§ THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study > Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [14] Roger, 2011, Heart disease and stroke statistics: 2011 update. A report from the American Heart Association., Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Cardiovascular Diseases > Incidence section reports 3 first cardiovascular events per 1,000 men annually at ages 35–44, which is close to the claimed 0.4%. It does not give a single rate for a healthy white population aged 35–55. The Venous Thromboembolism > Incidence section reports VTE separately, not as part of that first-event rate; page numbers were not supplied. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Partly supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“triple positivity (all 3 tests positive) is associated with thrombosis and identifies high-risk patients with aPL syndrome (APS).6,7”
§ THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Pengo, 2005, Antibody profiles for the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome., Thromb Haemost source
- Supportedcites [7] Pengo, 2009, Clinical course of high risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)., J Thromb Haemost source
The Discussion states that patients positive on all three laboratory tests are at higher risk of thrombosis. The Introduction reports a marked association between multiple positivity and thromboembolic events, and the Discussion describes the triple-positive APS cohort as high-risk. Page numbers are not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Venous thromboembolism (VTE) was diagnosed by compression ultrasonography or venography in case of deep vein thrombosis, and spiral tomography, ventilation-perfusion lung scan, or pulmonary angiography in case of pulmonary embolism.”
§ THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study > Outcome events
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These data can help in the decision to initiate primary thromboprophylaxis in these subjects.”
§ THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study > Abstract
plainn = 104- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical course of persons carrying a high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile (triple positivity) is not known.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it is more frequent among male subjects and in the presence of additional risk factors for venous TE”
§ THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“That male sex is related to a higher risk for recurrence of VTE among patients with unprovoked deep vein thrombosis is not new.25”
§ THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [25] McRae, 2006, Effect of patient's sex on risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis., Lancet source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study was approved by the local ethics committee of each Thrombosis Center.”
§ THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study > Study design and population
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“plasma from patients of each center was retested in a reference laboratory (Padua Thrombosis Center).Final inclusion in the cohort required confirmation of LA positivity as well as aCL and anti- 2 GPI antibody positivity (values in the upper 99th percentile of 40 healthy subjects) for the same isotype.”
§ THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study > Study design and population
plainn = 40- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The clinical course of persons carrying a high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile (triple positivity) is not known.
“The clinical course in persons with high-risk aPL antibody profile (triple positivity) is not known, casting a shadow on the need for primary prophylaxis to avoid TEs.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“aPL profiling also involves consideration of antibody titers since higher titers are associated with higher risk [7,8,30,31].”
From Triple-positive antiphospholipid syndrome does not guarantee positivity in each lupus anticoagulant assay (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Patients positive for the combination of LAC, antiβ 2GPI, and anti-CL antibodies,theso-called triple-positive patients, exhibit a high risk for developing a first thrombotic event and recurrence of thrombosis. 8,9”
From Clinical Relevance of Isolated Lupus Anticoagulant Positivity in Patients with Thrombotic Antiphospholipid Syndrome (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“andpatientspositiveforallthree aPLs are identified as individuals at high risk for a first clinical event and for recurrence. 8,9”
From Clinical Relevance of Isolated Lupus Anticoagulant Positivity in Patients with Thrombotic Antiphospholipid Syndrome (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Of note is that many studies on triple positivity merely report patients as being positive for LA without assessing dRVVT and APTT results separately [10,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29], or even use only 1 assay [7,8,12].”
From Triple-positive antiphospholipid syndrome does not guarantee positivity in each lupus anticoagulant assay (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“it has been demonstrated that asymptomatic persistent carriers of LA and of the other antiphospholipid antibodies have a higher risk of future thromboembolic events [11,12].”
From Lupus Anticoagulant Detection under the Magnifying Glass (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In addition, persistent aPL positivity can also be found in the absence of clinical criteria of APS in patients called 'aPL carriers,' raising the dilemma of initiating or not a primary thromboprophylaxis. 19,20”
From Single or triple positivity for antiphospholipid antibodies in “carriers” or symptomatic patients: Untangling the knot (2021) · cites this paper as [20]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study > Results
“IgM aCL, GPL units (mean Ϯ SD) 1.42 Ϯ 0.3”
§ THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study > Study design and population
“The predominant isotype was considered M when IgM aCL value expressed as MPL units exceeded the IgG aCL value (expressed as GPL units).”
Citations
Cites
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2011 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Roger, V. L., Go, A. S., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Adams, R. J., Berry, J. D., Brown, T. M., Carnethon, M. R., Dai, S., de Simone, G., Ford, E. S., et al. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182009701 · Cited by 6,149
Update of the guidelines for lupus anticoagulant detection
PENGO, V., TRIPODI, A., REBER, G., RAND, J. H., ORTEL, T. L., GALLI, M., & DE GROOT, P. G. (2009) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03555.x · Cited by 1,197
Self-citationGalli, M., Luciani, D., Bertolini, G., & Barbui, T. (2003) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2002-02-0441 · Cited by 972
Clinical course of high‐risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome
PENGO, V., RUFFATTI, A., LEGNANI, C., GRESELE, P., BARCELLONA, D., ERBA, N., TESTA, S., MARONGIU, F., BISON, E., DENAS, G., et al. (2010) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03674.x · Cited by 632
Self-citationErkan, D., Harrison, M. J., Levy, R., Peterson, M., Petri, M., Sammaritano, L., Unalp‐Arida, A., Vilela, V., Yazici, Y., & Lockshin, M. D. (2007) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.22663 · Cited by 401
Antibody profiles for the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome
Biasiolo, A., Pegoraro, C., Cucchini, U., Noventa, F., Iliceto, S., & Pengo, V. (2005) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th04-12-0839 · Cited by 318
Self-citationEffect of patient's sex on risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis.
McRae, S., Tran, H., Schulman, S., Ginsberg, J., & Kearon, C. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69110-1 · Cited by 289
Mok, C. C., Tang, S. S. K., To, C. H., & Petri, M. (2005) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.21224 · Cited by 237
(2004) · PubMed · Cited by 218
Lupus anticoagulants and the risk of a first episode of deep venous thrombosis
DE GROOT, P. G., LUTTERS, B., DERKSEN, R. H. W. M., LISMAN, T., MEIJERS, J. C. M., & ROSENDAAL, F. R. (2005) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01485.x · Cited by 205
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Meschia, J. F., Bushnell, C., Boden-Albala, B., Braun, L. T., Bravata, D. M., Chaturvedi, S., Creager, M. A., Eckel, R. H., Elkind, M. S. V., Fornage, M., et al. (2014) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000046 · Cited by 2,650
“bolic events in subjects with a high-risk aPL profile (positive lupus anticoagulant, positive aCL, and positive β 2 GPI).(823) The”
Diagnosis and management of the antiphospholipid syndrome
Garcia, D., & Erkan, D. (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1705454 · Cited by 819
Guidelines on the investigation and management of antiphospholipid syndrome
Keeling, D., Mackie, I., Moore, G. W., Greer, I. A., Greaves, M., & British Committee for Standards in Haematology (2012) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09037.x · Cited by 740
“The methodology for LA and solid phase aPL assays (e.g. aCL) was covered in detail in the previous BCSH guideline (Greaves et al, 2000).”
BackgroundMethodThe Pathogenesis of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Giannakopoulos, B., & Krilis, S. A. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1112830 · Cited by 687
Lang, I. M., Pesavento, R., Bonderman, D., & Yuan, J. X. ‐. (2012) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00049312 · Cited by 461
Devreese, K. M. J., de Groot, P. G., de Laat, B., Erkan, D., Favaloro, E. J., Mackie, I., Martinuzzo, M., Ortel, T. L., Pengo, V., Rand, J. H., et al. (2020) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.15047 · Cited by 467
Self-citationGordon, C., Amissah-Arthur, M.-B., Gayed, M., Brown, S., Bruce, I. N., D’Cruz, D. P., Empson, B., Griffiths, B., Jayne, D. R. W., Khamashta, M. A., et al. (2017) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kex286 · Cited by 371
Schreiber, K. I., Sciascia, S., de Groot, P. G., Devreese, K. M. J., Jacobsen, S., Ruiz‐Irastorza, G., Salmon, J. E., Shoenfeld, Y., Shovman, O., & Hunt, B. J. (2018) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.103 · Cited by 445
GAPSS: the Global Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome Score
Sciascia, S., Sanna, G., Murru, V., Roccatello, D., Khamashta, M. A., & Bertolaccini, M. L. (2013) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kes388 · Cited by 318
Laboratory criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome: communication from the SSC of the ISTH
Devreese, K. M. J., Ortel, T. L., Pengo, V., & de Laat, B. (2018) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.13976 · Cited by 269
Self-citationAntiphospholipid syndrome: advances in diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management
Knight, J. S., Branch, D. W., & Ortel, T. L. (2023) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-069717 · Cited by 299
“190 By contrast, when 104 carriers of triple positive antiphospholipid antibodies were followed for an average of 4.5 years, annual thrombosis incidence was 5.3% 191 ; in this cohort, use of low dose aspirin was not associated with a reduced risk of thrombosis.”
BackgroundInfluentialDiagnosis and Treatment of Lower Extremity Venous Thromboembolism
Chopard, R., Albertsen, I. E., & Piazza, G. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.17272 · Cited by 267
Chaturvedi, S., Braunstein, E. M., Yuan, X., Yu, J. M., Alexander, A. A., Chen, H., Gavriilaki, E., Alluri, R. K., Streiff, M. B., Petri, M., et al. (2019) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2019003863 · Cited by 232
Arnaud, L., Mathian, A., Ruffatti, A., Erkan, D., Tektonidou, M., Cervera, R., Forastiero, R., Pengo, V., Lambert, M., Martinez-Zamora, M. A., et al. (2014) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2013.10.014 · Cited by 215
Self-citationSammaritano, L. R. (2019) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/j.berh.2019.101463 · Cited by 211
Antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with COVID‐19: A relevant observation?
Devreese, K. M. J., Linskens, E. A., Benoît, D., & Peperstraete, H. (2020) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.14994 · Cited by 190
“Length of stay in the ICU, median (range) 25 (5-60)”
BackgroundDiagnosis and management of the antiphospholipid syndrome
Chaturvedi, S., & McCrae, K. R. (2017) · Blood Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2017.07.006 · Cited by 195
Reynaud, Q., Lega, J.-C., Mismetti, P., Chapelle, C., Wahl, D., Cathébras, P., & Laporte, S. (2014) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2013.11.004 · Cited by 179
“[61], asymptomatic APL carriers characterized by a high-risk APL profile (triple positivity) experienced a higher incidence of thrombotic events: 5.”
BackgroundInfluentialBouvier, S., Cochery-Nouvellon, É., Lavigne-Lissalde, G., Mercier, É., Marchetti, T., Balducchi, J.-P., Marès, P., & Gris, J. (2013) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2013-08-522623 · Cited by 183
“Length of time between stopping LMWH/LDA treatment and pregnancy related procedures, number of complete hours NA 14 (3) [7-29]”
BackgroundDufrost, V., Risse, J., Reshetnyak, T. M., Satybaldyeva, M. A., Du, Y., Yan, X.-X., Salta, S., Gerotziafas, G., Jing, Z., Elalamy, I., et al. (2018) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2018.04.009 · Cited by 166
Sciascia, S., Sanna, G., Khamashta, M. A., Cuadrado, M. J., Erkan, D., Andréoli, L., & Bertolaccini, M. L. (2014) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205663 · Cited by 162
Thrombophilia testing: A British Society for Haematology guideline
Arachchillage, D. J., Mackillop, L. H., Chandratheva, A., Motawani, J., MacCallum, P., & Laffan, M. (2022) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/bjh.18239 · Cited by 164
Zuily, S., Cohen, H., Isenberg, D. A., Woller, S. C., Crowther, M. A., Dufrost, V., Wahl, D. G., Doré, C. J., Cuker, A. C., Carrier, M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.14935 · Cited by 160
Self-citationArnaud, L., Mathian, A., Devilliers, H., Ruffatti, A., Tektonidou, M., Forastiero, R., Pengo, V., Lambert, M., Lefevre, G., Martinez-Zamora, M. A., et al. (2015) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.10.019 · Cited by 146
“Wepooled data from 2 prospective [11,13] and 3 retrospective [12,13, 17] cohort studies.”
BackgroundObstetric and vascular antiphospholipid syndrome: same antibodies but different diseases?
Meroni, P. L., Borghi, M. O., Grossi, C., Chighizola, C. B., Durigutto, P., & Tedesco, F. (2018) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/s41584-018-0032-6 · Cited by 150
Recent Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Detection of Lupus Anticoagulants
Moore, G. (2014) · Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0033-1364185 · Cited by 149
The significance of autoantibodies against β2-glycoprotein I
de Groot, P. G., & Urbanus, R. T. (2012) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2012-03-378646 · Cited by 146
Tripodi, A., Cohen, H., & Devreese, K. M. J. (2020) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.14846 · Cited by 143
Garcia, D. A., Akl, E. A., Carr, R., & Kearon, C. (2013) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2013-04-496257 · Cited by 135
“6 indefinite anticoagulant therapy); (3) the lack of independent outcome adjudication; and (4) the lack of blinding to APLA status of patients, healthcare providers, outcome assessors and outcome adjudicators, (5) timing of the blood draw for APLA testing (Table 2).”
BackgroundMustonen, P., Lehtonen, K. V., Javela, K., & Puurunen, M. (2014) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203314545410 · Cited by 127
“…104 asymptomatic aPL carriers for a mean of 4.5 years and reported the annual risk of thrombosis to be 1.36%.32 The main difference in comparison to the present study is that the study population of Pengo et al. (2011) consisted solely of triple-positive individuals with a high-risk profile.”
ResultInfluentialPengo, V., Ruffatti, A., Tonello, M., Cuffaro, S., Banzato, A., Bison, E., Denas, G., & Padayattil Jose, S. (2015) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.12865 · Cited by 126
Self-citationPathogenesis and management of antiphospholipid syndrome
Arachchillage, D. J., & Laffan, M. (2017) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/bjh.14632 · Cited by 125
“Aspirin did not significantly reduce the incidence of thromboembolic events (Pengo et al, 2011).”
BackgroundThe antiphospholipid syndrome: from pathophysiology to treatment
Negrini, S. M., Pappalardo, F., Murdaca, G., Indiveri, F., & Puppo, F. (2016) · Clinical and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10238-016-0430-5 · Cited by 117
“All available data agree that thromboprophylaxis significantly reduces the risk of novel thrombotic episodes; nevertheless, recurrences remain relatively frequent also in treated patients, in particular those with a triple-positive aPL profile [71–73].”
BackgroundSCIASCIA, S., MURRU, V., SANNA, G., ROCCATELLO, D., KHAMASHTA, M. A., & BERTOLACCINI, M. L. (2012) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.12014 · Cited by 116
Meroni, P. L., Chighizola, C. B., Rovelli, F., & Gerosa, M. (2014) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/ar4549 · Cited by 113
“Triple positivity, defined by the presence of LA and medium/high titers of aCL and anti-β2GPI antibodies (above the 99th percentile), is the most predictive profile for clinical manifestations and recurrences despite conventional treatment [14,15].”
BackgroundGris, J., Bouvier, S., Molinari, N., Galanaud, J. ‐., Cochery-Nouvellon, É., Mercier, É., Fabbro-Péray, P., Balducchi, J.-P., Marès, P., Quéré, I., et al. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2011-09-381913 · Cited by 108
“Age, y 30 (5) [17-44] 29 (4) [18-44] 29 (4) [16-41] .”
Shi, H., Zheng, H. W., Yin, Y., Hu, Q., Teng, J., Sun, Y., Liu, H.-L., Cheng, X., Ye, J., Su, Y., et al. (2017) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2017-0502 · Cited by 106
“Our study showed aβ2GPI IgA displayed better performance than aCL IgM and aβ2GPI IgM in APS, SNAPS and SLE groups, consistent with other studies, indicating that IgA aβ2GPI might be more useful than measuring aCL IgM and aβ2GPI IgM [14, 32, 33].”
ResultMähler, M., Norman, G. L., Meroni, P. L., & Khamashta, M. A. (2012) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2012.05.006 · Cited by 102
Pengo, V., Ruffatti, A., Del Ross, T., Tonello, M., Cuffaro, S., Hoxha, A., Banzato, A., Bison, E., Denas, G., Bracco, A., et al. (2013) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.12264 · Cited by 101
Self-citationRenal involvement in antiphospholipid syndrome
Sciascia, S., Cuadrado, M. J., Khamashta, M. A., & Roccatello, D. (2014) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/nrneph.2014.38 · Cited by 100
Dufrost, V., Risse, J., Zuily, S., & Wahl, D. G. (2016) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-016-0623-7 · Cited by 99
Antiphospholipid antibody testing and standardization
Devreese, K. M. J. (2014) · International Journal of Laboratory Hematology · doi:10.1111/ijlh.12234 · Cited by 98
Tektonidou, M. G., Andréoli, L., Limper, M., Tincani, A., & Ward, M. M. (2019) · RMD Open · doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2019-000924 · Cited by 101
Antiphospholipid Syndrome and the Neurologist: From Pathogenesis to Therapy
Fleetwood, T., Cantello, R. M., & Comi, C. (2018) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.01001 · Cited by 98
“A number of conditions that increase oxidative stress, including infection, malignancy, pregnancy and smoking, may act as triggers for endothelium priming (10, 11).”
BackgroundCatastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: how to diagnose a rare but highly fatal disease
Aguiar, C. L., & Erkan, D. (2013) · Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease · doi:10.1177/1759720x13502919 · Cited by 91
“…events and no other thrombosis risk factors [Kumar et al. 2009; Samarkos et al. 2006]; and (i) triple aPL positivity (LA, aCL, and aβ2GPI) can be clinically more significant than double or single aPL positivity [Pengo et al. 2011] although this remains controversial [Erkan and Lockshin, 2012].”
BackgroundDevreese, K. M. J., Bertolaccini, M. L., Branch, D. W., de Laat, B., Erkan, D., Favaloro, E. J., Pengo, V., Ortel, T. L., Wahl, D., & Cohen, H. (2025) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1016/j.jtha.2024.10.022 · Cited by 92
Self-citationStandardization of autoantibody testing: a paradigm for serology in rheumatic diseases
Meroni, P. L., Biggioggero, M., Pierangeli, S. S., Sheldon, J., Zegers, I., & Borghi, M. O. (2014) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2013.180 · Cited by 92
Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in carriers of isolated lupus anticoagulant
Pengo, V., Testa, S., Martinelli, I., Ghirarduzzi, A., Legnani, C., Gresele, P., Passamonti, S. M., Bison, E., Denas, G., Jose, S. P., et al. (2015) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2014.10.013 · Cited by 89
“The study was developed in parallel with the cohort considering triple positive subjects [9].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationPastori, D., Menichelli, D., Cammisotto, V., & Pignatelli, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.715878 · Cited by 109
Antiphospholipid syndrome and the heart: A case series and literature review
Denas, G., Jose, S. P., Bracco, A., Zoppellaro, G., & Pengo, V. (2014) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.11.003 · Cited by 89
Self-citationLitvinova, E., Darnige, L., Kirilovsky, A., Burnel, Y., Luna, G. D., & Dragon‐Durey, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02971 · Cited by 87
“Moreover, it has been demonstrated that triple positivity for conventional markers in APS patients or in asymptomatic APA carriers is associated with significantly higher risk of thrombosis than single or double positivity (24, 25).”
BackgroundPediatric Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Cimaz, R., & Descloux, É. (2006) · Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2006.05.005 · Cited by 81
Antiphospholipid antibodies and recurrent thrombosis after a first unprovoked venous thromboembolism
Kearon, C., Parpia, S., Spencer, F. A., Baglin, T. P., Stevens, S. M., Bauer, K. A., Lentz, S. R., Kessler, C. M., Douketis, J. D., Moll, S., et al. (2018) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2017-09-805689 · Cited by 80
Neurological Complications in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Shaban, A., & Leira, E. C. C. (2019) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-019-1012-1 · Cited by 80
Antiphospholipid syndrome: Laboratory testing and diagnostic strategies
Ortel, T. L. (2012) · American Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1002/ajh.23196 · Cited by 75
“[69] reported that the cumulative incidence of thromboembolic events in 104 subjects with a high-risk profile for antiphospholipid antibodies (triple positivity for LA, anticardiolipin antibodies, and anti-b2-glycoprotein I antibodies) and no prior thromboembolism was 37.”
Chighizola, C. B., Pregnolato, F., Andréoli, L., Bodio, C., Cesana, L., Comerio, C., Gerosa, M., Grossi, C., Kumar, R., Lazzaroni, M. G., et al. (2018) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2018.02.002 · Cited by 78
Self-citationYelnik, C. M., Urbanski, G., Drumez, E., Sobanski, V, Maillard, H., Lanteri, A., Morell-Dubois, S., Caron, C., Dubucquoi, S., Launay, D., et al. (2017) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203316657433 · Cited by 73
Antiphospholipid syndrome – an update
Linnemann, B. (2018) · VASA · doi:10.1024/0301-1526/a000723 · Cited by 86
Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome and pregnancy: an experience of 13 cases
Hanouna, G., Morel, N., Huong, D. U. L. T., JOSSELIN-MAHR, L., Vauthier-Brouzes, D., Saadoun, D., Kettaneh, A., Lévesque, K., Guern, V. L., Goffinet, F., et al. (2013) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ket167 · Cited by 69
Zuily, S., de Laat, B., Mohamed, S., Kelchtermans, H., Shums, Z., Albesa, R., Norman, G. L., Lamboux-Matthieu, C., Rat, A., Ninet, J., et al. (2015) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kev238 · Cited by 69
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome
Radic, M. Z., & Pattanaik, D. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00969 · Cited by 72
Erkan, D., Unlu, O., Sciascia, S., Belmont, H. M., Branch, D. W., Cuadrado, M. J., Gonzalez, E., Knight, J. S., Uthman, I., Willis, R., et al. (2018) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203317724219 · Cited by 66
Delineating the deranged immune system in the antiphospholipid syndrome
van den Hoogen, L. L., van Roon, J. A. G., Radstake, T. R. D. J., Fritsch-Stork, R. D. E., & Derksen, R. H. W. M. (2015) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2015.08.011 · Cited by 66
The treatment of anti-phospholipid syndrome: A comprehensive clinical approach
Chighizola, C. B., Andréoli, L., Gerosa, M., Tincani, A., Ruffatti, A., & Meroni, P. L. (2018) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2018.02.003 · Cited by 66
Self-citationAntiphospholipid syndrome management: a 2023 update and practical algorithm-based approach
Ambati, A., Knight, J. S., & Zuo, Y. (2023) · Current Opinion in Rheumatology · doi:10.1097/bor.0000000000000932 · Cited by 68
“Notably, most of the aPL carriers in these studies also had other underlying systemic autoimmune diseases, such as lupus, which is an independent risk factor for thrombosis [12,13,16].”
BackgroundCorrect laboratory approach to APS diagnosis and monitoring
Pengo, V., Banzato, A., Denas, G., Jose, S. P., Bison, E., Hoxha, A., & Ruffatti, A. (2013) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2012.11.008 · Cited by 62
“We then considered the risk of first thrombotic events in triple positive subjects with the laboratory data confirmed in a reference laboratory [32].”
BackgroundSelf-citationObstetric antiphospholipid syndrome
Antovič, A., Sennström, M., Bremme, K. A., & Svenungsson, E. (2018) · Lupus Science & Medicine · doi:10.1136/lupus-2016-000197 · Cited by 67
“73 Two recent studies have confirmed the predictive role of these biomarkers also in patients with SLE/APS.”
BackgroundInfluentialGuidelines on the investigation and management of antiphospholipid syndrome
Arachchillage, D. J., Platton, S., Hickey, K. P., Chu, J., Pickering, M. C., Sommerville, P., MacCallum, P., & Breen, K. A. (2024) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/bjh.19635 · Cited by 77
“82,151 Although a meta-analysis which assessed the efficacy of aspirin for the primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with aPL showed the risk of a first thrombotic event was significantly reduced in those treated with aspirin, when the analysis was restricted to prospective studies, this…”
Lupus Anticoagulant Identifies Two Distinct Groups of Patients with Different Antibody Patterns
Pengo, V., Del Ross, T., Ruffatti, A., Bison, E., Cattini, M. G., Pontara, E., Testa, S., Legnani, C., Pozzi, N., Peterle, D., et al. (2018) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2018.11.003 · Cited by 59
Self-citationAn update on the management of antiphospholipid syndrome
Rodziewicz, M., & D’Cruz, D. P. (2020) · Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease · doi:10.1177/1759720x20910855 · Cited by 62
Bazzan, M., Vaccarino, A., Stella, S., Sciascia, S., Montaruli, B., Bertero, M. T., Carignola, R., Roccatello, D., & for the Piedmont APS Consortium (2016) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203315617538 · Cited by 56
Antiphospholipid antibodies: Evaluation of the thrombotic risk
Devreese, K. M. J. (2012) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2012.08.270 · Cited by 56
“Triple positivity is frequent in APS patients at high risk for a new thromboembolic event, aswell as in carriers at risk developing a first event [66].”
BackgroundSciascia, S., Cuadrado, M. J., Sanna, G., Murru, V., Roccatello, D., Khamashta, M. A., & Bertolaccini, M. L. (2014) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.22388 · Cited by 55
“Patients with “triple positivity” for aCL, anti- 2GPI, and LA (2), and those with anti- 2GPI, anti-PS/PT, and LAC (3) have been shown to be at a higher risk of developing thromboembolic events.”
BackgroundCOVID-19 and Antiphospholipid Antibodies: Time for a Reality Check?
Favaloro, E. J., Henry, B. M., & Lippi, G. (2021) · Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1728832 · Cited by 55
Associations of Antiphospholipid Antibodies With Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis
Qi, X., Stefano, V. D., Su, C., Bai, M., Guo, X., & Fan, D. (2015) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000000496 · Cited by 56
Current insights in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome
Schreiber, K. I., Radin, M., & Sciascia, S. (2017) · Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/gco.0000000000000406 · Cited by 53
Risk factors for arterial thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome
Matyja‐Bednarczyk, A., Swadźba, J., Iwaniec, T., Sanak, M., Dziedzina, S., Ćmiel, A., & Musiał, J. (2013) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2013.11.012 · Cited by 54
Bała, M. M., Celińska‐Löwenhoff, M., Szot, W., Padjas, A., Kaczmarczyk, M., Świerz, M. J., & Undas, A. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012169.pub2 · Cited by 53
Ma, J., Song, H., Wei, M., & He, Y. (2017) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-017-3776-5 · Cited by 51
Hydroxychloroquine as an Immunomodulatory and Antithrombotic Treatment in Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Arachchillage, D. J., Laffan, M., & Pericleous, C. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24021331 · Cited by 55
“Importantly, warfarin can be poorly effective in triple aPL-positive patients and is associated with a ~30% risk of recurrence within 10 years despite otherwise adequate anticoagulation [5].”
BackgroundUse of direct oral anticoagulants in antiphospholipid syndrome
Cohen, H., Efthymiou, M., & Isenberg, D. A. (2018) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.14017 · Cited by 69
The Lupus Anticoagulant Paradox
Molhoek, J. E., de Groot, P. G., & Urbanus, R. T. (2017) · Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1606190 · Cited by 50
Cohen, H., Mackie, I. J., & Devreese, K. M. J. (2019) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.14560 · Cited by 48
Mähler, M., Albesa, R., Zohoury, N., Bertolaccini, M. L., Ateka–Barrutia, O., Rodriguez-Garcia, J. L., Norman, G. L., & Khamashta, M. A. (2016) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203316640366 · Cited by 48
Sciascia, S., Baldovino, S., Schreiber, K. I., Solfietti, L., Radin, M., Cuadrado, M. J., Menegatti, E., Erkan, D., & Roccatello, D. (2016) · Clinical and Molecular Allergy · doi:10.1186/s12948-016-0043-2 · Cited by 48
“Thrombotic risk assessment in aPL carriers and APS aPL titres as well as their single, double or triple presence, have all been suggested to have a different distinct clinical significance [12, 13, 15, 17].”
BackgroundMiranda, S., Park, J., Gal, G. L., Piran, S., Kherani, S., Rodger, M. A., & Delluc, A. (2019) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.14720 · Cited by 53
Lazzaroni, M. G., Fredi, M., Andréoli, L., Chighizola, C. B., Ross, T. D., Gerosa, M., Kuzenko, A., Raimondo, M.-G., Lojacono, A., Ramazzotto, F., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01948 · Cited by 50
Self-citationBała, M. M., Celińska‐Löwenhoff, M., Szot, W., Padjas, A., Kaczmarczyk, M., Świerz, M. J., & Undas, A. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012169.pub3 · Cited by 46
Incidence of thromboembolic events in asymptomatic carriers of IgA anti ß2 glycoprotein-I antibodies
Tortosa, C., Cabrera-Marante, O., Serrano, M., Martínez-Flores, J. A., Pérez, D., Lora, D., Morillas, L., Paz-Artal, E., Morales, J. M., Pleguezuelo, D., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178889 · Cited by 44
Laboratory Diagnostics in Thrombophilia
Hart, C., & Linnemann, B. (2019) · Hämostaseologie · doi:10.1055/s-0039-1677840 · Cited by 49
Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome and Infertility
Rodrigues, V. D. O., Soligo, A. D. G. E. S., & Pannain, G. D. (2019) · Revista Brasileira Ginecologia e Obstetrícia · doi:10.1055/s-0039-1697982 · Cited by 48
Management of Recurrent Thrombosis in Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Nalli, C., Andréoli, L., Casu, C., & Tincani, A. (2014) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-013-0405-4 · Cited by 43
Bertero, M., Bazzan, M., CARIGNOLA, R., Montaruli, B., Silvestro, E., Sciascia, S., Vaccarino, A., Baldovino, S., & Roccatello, D. (2012) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203312446974 · Cited by 44
The Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Ruff, W. E., Vieira, S. M., & Kriegel, M. A. (2014) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-014-0472-1 · Cited by 43
Meneghel, L., Ruffatti, A., Gavasso, S., Tonello, M., Mattia, E., Spiezia, L., Tormene, D., Hoxha, A., Fedrigo, M., & Simioni, P. (2015) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2015.04.033 · Cited by 42
Self-citationKolyada, A. Y., Porter, A., & Beglova, N. (2013) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2013-08-520882 · Cited by 42
“Thrombotic events in APS nearly equally occur in veins and arteries, and about 30% of patients with thrombosis are men.(4-7) Thrombosis in APS correlates with the presence of antibodies to b2-glycoprotein I (b2GPI).”
Hollerbach, A., Müller‐Calleja, N., Ritter, S., Häuser, F., Canisius, A., Orning, C., Jurk, K., & Lackner, K. J. (2019) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0039-1685453 · Cited by 43
Is Lupus Anticoagulant a Significant Feature of COVID-19? A Critical Appraisal of the Literature
Favaloro, E. J., Henry, B. M., & Lippi, G. (2021) · Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1729856 · Cited by 43
Epidemiology of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Durcan, L., & Petri, M. (2016) · Technical report · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63655-3.00002-8 · Cited by 43
Celińska‐Löwenhoff, M., Iwaniec, T., Padjas, A., Musiał, J., & Undas, A. (2014) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th13-11-0980 · Cited by 41
“High titres of IgG aCL, IgG aβ2GPI and LA, or all three detected at the same time (“triple-positivity”) are associated with markedly increased thrombotic risk (8, 9).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Pengo, V., Ruffatti, A., Legnani, C., Testa, S., Fierro, T., Marongiu, F., De Micheli, V., Gresele, P., Tonello, M., Ghirarduzzi, A., Bison, E., Denas, G., Banzato, A., Padayattil Jose, S., & Iliceto, S.
- Affiliations
- Departments of Clinical Cardiology and
- University of Padua (IT)
- University of Bologna (IT)
- District Hospital, Cremona, Italy;
- University of Perugia (IT)
- University of Cagliari (IT)
- Transfusion Medicine, District Hospital, Merate, Italy; and
- Santa Maria Nuova Hospital (IT)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Blood
- Publisher
- American Society of Hematology
- Published
- 2011-10-27
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 4714-4718
- ISSN
- 0006-4971 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-0020
- OpenAlex
- W1975074770
- Cited by
- 468
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 18.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Blood (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Internal Medicine › Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
- Keywords
- antiphospholipid antibodies, thromboembolic events, lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies, triple positivity, venous thromboembolism, aspirin, primary thromboprophylaxis, risk factors, male sex, incidence
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Disease Susceptibility, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Thromboembolism, Incidence, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Antibodies, Antiphospholipid, Early Diagnosis, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-08, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-08 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
