Fleas as parasites of the family Canidae

Dobler, Gerhard; Pfeffer, Martin

doi:10.1186/1756-3305-4-139

Cited by 117Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites researchBartonella species infections researchVector-borne infectious diseases

Fleas as parasites of the family Canidae

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Dobler, Gerhard, Pfeffer, Martin·2011·Parasites & Vectors

DOI 10.1186/1756-3305-4-139PMC PMC3160944

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Abstract

Historically, flea-borne diseases are among the most important medical diseases of humans. Plague and murine typhus are known for centuries while the last years brought some new flea-transmitted pathogens, like R. felis and Bartonella henselae. Dogs may play an essential or an accidental role in the natural transmission cycle of flea-borne pathogens. They support the growth of some of the pathogens or they serve as transport vehicles for infected fleas between their natural reservoirs and humans. More than 15 different flea species have been described in domestic dogs thus far. Several other species have been found to be associated with wild canids. Fleas found on dogs originate from rodents, birds, insectivores and from other Carnivora. Dogs therefore may serve as ideal bridging hosts for the introduction of flea-borne diseases from nature to home. In addition to their role as ectoparasites they cause nuisance for humans and animals and may be the cause for severe allergic reactions.

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Ctenocephalides felis, Ctenocephalides canis and Pulex irritans have a low degree of species-specificity and are able to infest companion animals, humans and wildlife.
“These fleas have a low degree of species-specificity, being able to infest companion animals, humans and wildlife.”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
Canine and feline pulicosis is characterized by high infection rates everywhere.
“Canine and feline pulicosis is characterized by high infection rates everywhere [7,9,11-14], thus treatment and prevention are a priority in veterinary medicine.”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
The dog flea Ctenocephalides canis and the human flea Pulex irritans are globally distributed, although with lower rates than C. felis.
“Also the dog flea Ctenocephalides canis (Figure 2) and the human flea Pulex irritans (Figure 3) are globally distributed, although with lower rates [9,10].”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
The cat flea Ctenocephalides felis is the most widespread flea species and is highly prevalent in both dogs and cats in all corners of the world.
“The most widespread is the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis (Figure 1), which is highly prevalent in both dogs and cats in all corners of the world.”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
Cats are a potential source of plague, while dogs appear to be less susceptible to Yersinia pestis.
“Cats are a potential source of plague, while dogs appear to be less susceptible to Y. pestis[9,21].”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [9]

The plague-causing bacterium Yersinia pestis circulates in rodent populations mainly through bites of the oriental rat flea Xenopsilla cheopis, which may also feed on pets and human beings.
“The plague-causing bacterium Yersinia pestis circulates in rodent populations mainly through bites of the “oriental rat flea” Xenopsilla cheopis, which may also feed on pets and human beings.”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
Animals and humans become infected with Dipylidium caninum by accidentally ingesting residues or whole fleas containing the infectious cysticercoid.
“Animals and humans become infected by accidentally ingesting residues or whole fleas containing the infectious cysticercoid.”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
Dipylidium caninum is the most prevalent cestode in dogs and cats and is often associated with pulicosis in pets, stray animals, kenneled dogs and cats in colonies.
“This zoonotic cestode is the most prevalent in dogs and cats and is often associated with pulicosis in pets, stray animals, kenneled dogs and cats in colonies.”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
Fleas are ectothermic arthropods susceptible to fluctuations of temperatures, especially because immature stages live outside the host.
“Fleas are ectothermic arthropods susceptible to fluctuations of temperatures, especially because immature stages live outside the host.”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
Fleas of pets are competent intermediate hosts of the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum.
“Fleas of pets are competent intermediate hosts of the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum.”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
The speed of juvenile flea development depends on the environment: higher temperatures may increase the number of generations, and colder temperatures and higher humidity have an effect on the longevity of fleas in the absence of available hosts.
“The speed of juvenile flea development depends on the environment, in that higher temperatures may increase the number of generations and colder temperatures and higher humidity has an effect on the longevity of fleas in the absence of available hosts [9].”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
Dipylidium caninum may cause disease especially in children with low hygiene standards.
“Indeed, D. caninum may cause disease especially in children with low hygiene standards [9,15].”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [9]

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REVIEW Open Access Fleas as parasites of the family Canidae
Dobler, G., & Pfeffer, M. (2013)
Self-citation
Fleas of dog and cat: species, biology and flea-borne diseases.
Iannino, F., Sulli, N., Maitino, A., Pascucci, I., Pampiglione, G., & Salucci, S. (2017) · PubMed · doi:10.12834/vetit.109.303.3 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
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Snoek, T. K. R. V. D., & Overgaauw, P. A. M. (2011) · Ciencia Unisalle (Universidad de La Salle)
The role of wild canids and felids in spreading parasites to dogs and cats in Europe
Otranto, D., Cantacessi, C., Pfeffer, M., Dantas‐Torres, F., Brianti, E., Deplazes, P., Genchi, C., Gubertì, V., & Capelli, G. (2015) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.04.022 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) prevalence and first record of Ctenocephalides canis (Curtis, 1826) in domestic dogs in north-central México
Morales, A. I. O. (2018) · Journal of Dairy Veterinary & Animal Research · doi:10.15406/jdvar.2018.07.00207 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Authors: Dobler, G., & Pfeffer, M.
Affiliations: Institut für Mikrobiologie der Bundeswehr (DE)
Leipzig University (DE)
Corresponding author: Dobler, Gerhard
ORCID: Dobler, Gerhard
Pfeffer, Martin
Venue: Parasites & Vectors
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2011-07-18
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Pages: 139-139
ISSN: 1756-3305 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-139
PMC: PMC3160944
OpenAlex: W1990750506
Cited by: 116
References: 105
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8
FWCI: 0.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 (tdm)
Locations: Parasites & Vectors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Bartonella species infections research
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Vector-borne infectious diseases
Keywords: fleas, Canidae, flea-borne diseases, dogs, wild canids, plague, murine typhus, Rickettsia felis, Bartonella henselae, zoonotic transmission, allergic reactions, ectoparasites
MeSH terms: Animals, Ectoparasitic Infestations, Siphonaptera, Insect Vectors, Canidae

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Fleas as parasites of the family Canidae

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