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The vaginal microbiota, human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: What do we know and where are we going next
Open accessAbstract
The vaginal microbiota plays a significant role in health and disease of the female reproductive tract. Next-generation sequencing techniques based upon the analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes permit in-depth study of vaginal microbial community structure to a level of detail not possible with standard culture-based microbiological techniques. The human papillomavirus (HPV) causes both cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. Although the virus is highly prevalent, only a small number of women have a persistent HPV infection and subsequently develop clinically significant disease. There is emerging evidence which leads us to conclude that increased diversity of vaginal microbiota combined with reduced relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp. is involved in HPV acquisition and persistence and the development of cervical precancer and cancer. In this review, we summarise the current literature and discuss potential mechanisms for the involvement of vaginal microbiota in the evolution of CIN and cervical cancer. The concept of manipulation of vaginal bacterial communities using pre- and probiotics is also discussed as an exciting prospect for the field of cervical pathology.
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“Untreated women attending for colposcopy have a higher risk of preterm birth than do women without CIN, probably explained by inherent characteristics and genetic, epigenetic, or microbiome factors.40, 41, 42”
From Comparative effectiveness and risk of preterm birth of local treatments for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and stage IA1 cervical cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [42]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Further evidence indicates that the cervicovaginal microbiota plays a substantial role in the persistence and regression of the virus and thus has important implications for subsequent disease (Chang and Parsonnet, 2010; Mitra et al., 2016).”
From Viral Infections, the Microbiome, and Probiotics (2021) · cites this paper as Mitra et al., 2016
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Metadata
- Authors
- Mitra, A., MacIntyre, D. A., Marchesi, J. R., Lee, Y. S., Bennett, P. R., & Kyrgiou, M.
- Affiliations
- Hammersmith Hospital (GB)
- St Mary's Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- MacIntyre, David A.
- Kyrgiou, Maria
- Venue
- Microbiome
- Published
- 2016-11-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 58-58
- ISSN
- 2049-2618 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5088670
- OpenAlex
- W2546959673
- Cited by
- 484
- References
- 151
- Citations by year
- 2026: 51 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 14
- FWCI
- 2.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Microbiome (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- British Society Of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (P47773)
- Imperial College Healthcare Charity (P47907)
- Genesis Research Trust (P55549)
- Research Trainees Coordinating Centre
- Programme Grants for Applied Research (P45272)
- Medical Research Council (P47569)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- vaginal microbiota, human papillomavirus, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cervical cancer, Lactobacillus, microbial diversity, persistent HPV infection, probiotics, prebiotics, cervical precancerous lesions
- MeSH terms
- Uterine Cervical Dysplasia, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Lactobacillus, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Vagina, Oxidative Stress, Probiotics, Papillomaviridae, Papillomavirus Infections, Microbiota, Dysbiosis
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