Cited by 640Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNerve injury and regenerationNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms

Glutamate and Neurotrophic Factors in Neuronal Plasticity and Disease

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Mattson, Mark P.·2008·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Glutamate's role as a neurotransmitter at synapses has been known for 40 years, but glutamate has since been shown to regulate neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth, synaptogenesis, and neuron survival in the developing and adult mammalian nervous system. Cell‐surface glutamate receptors are coupled to Ca 2+ influx and release from endoplasmic reticulum stores, which causes rapid (kinase‐ and protease‐mediated) and delayed (transcription‐dependent) responses that change the structure and function of neurons. Neurotrophic factors and glutamate interact to regulate developmental and adult neuroplasticity. For example, glutamate stimulates the production of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which, in turn, modifies neuronal glutamate sensitivity, Ca 2+ homeostasis, and plasticity. Neurotrophic factors may modify glutamate signaling directly, by changing the expression of glutamate receptor subunits and Ca 2+ ‐regulating proteins, and also indirectly by inducing the production of antioxidant enzymes, energy‐regulating proteins, and antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 family members. Excessive activation of glutamate receptors, under conditions of oxidative and metabolic stress, may contribute to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration in diseases ranging from stroke and Alzheimer's disease to psychiatric disorders. By enhancing neurotrophic factor signaling, environmental factors such as exercise and dietary energy restriction, and chemicals such as antidepressants may optimize glutamatergic signaling and protect against neurological disorders.

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  • Ketamine and esketamine are non-selective, non-competitive antagonists that block the NMDA receptor on GABA interneurons, thereby increasing neurotrophic signaling that restores synaptic function.

    “These drugs are non-selective, non-competitive antagonists that block the NMDA receptor (an ionotropic glutamate receptor) on GABA interneurons, thereby increasing neurotrophic signaling that restores synaptic function [61].”

    From The Impact of BDNF, NTRK2, NGFR, CREB1, GSK3B, AKT, MAPK1, MTOR, PTEN, ARC, and SYN1 Genetic Polymorphisms in Antidepressant Treatment Response Phenotypes (2023) · cites this paper as [61]

    The Glutamate Receptors and Signal Transduction section (page unavailable) identifies NMDA receptors as ionotropic glutamate receptors. The Psychiatric Disorders section (page unavailable) discusses NMDA-targeting drugs and increased BDNF with antidepressants, but does not identify ketamine or esketamine, describe their non-selective, non-competitive action on GABA interneurons, or establish the claimed chain to restored synaptic function. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter and regulates neurogenesis, neuronal outgrowth, survival, and synaptogenesis during brain development.

    “Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and it plays a key role during brain development by regulating multiple processes including neurogenesis, neuronal outgrowth, neuron survival, and synaptogenesis [148].”

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Authors
Mattson, M. P.
Affiliations
National Institute on Aging (US)
Corresponding author
Mattson, Mark P.
Venue
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2008-11
Volume
1144
Issue
1
Pages
97-112
ISSN
  • 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
  • 1749-6632
OpenAlex
W2032444015
Cited by
640
References
173
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 46
FWCI
2.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute on Aging (Z01AG000317)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nerve injury and regeneration
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Keywords
glutamate, neurotrophic factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neuroplasticity, glutamate receptors, calcium signaling, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, neurite outgrowth, neuronal survival, oxidative stress, metabolic stress, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, mental illness, physical activity, hypocaloric diet, antidepressants, neuroprotection
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Brain Diseases, Humans, Nerve Growth Factors, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurons, Parkinson Disease, Signal Transduction, Neurites, Receptors, Glutamate, Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor, Glutamic Acid, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Stroke, Neurogenesis

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