The functional neuroanatomy of social behaviour
Abstract
Although high-functioning individuals with autistic disorder (i.e. autism and Asperger syndrome) are of normal intelligence, they have life-long abnormalities in social communication and emotional behaviour. However, the biological basis of social difficulties in autism is poorly understood. Facial expressions help shape behaviour, and we investigated if high-functioning people with autistic disorder show neurobiological differences from controls when processing emotional facial expressions. We used functional MRI to investigate brain activity in nine adults with autistic disorder (mean age +/- standard deviation 37 +/- 7 years; IQ 102 +/- 15) and nine controls (27 +/- 7 years; IQ 116 +/- 10) when explicitly (consciously) and implicitly (unconsciously) processing emotional facial expressions. Subjects with autistic disorder differed significantly from controls in the activity of cerebellar, mesolimbic and temporal lobe cortical regions of the brain when processing facial expressions. Notably, they did not activate a cortical 'face area' when explicitly appraising expressions, or the left amygdala region and left cerebellum when implicitly processing emotional facial expressions. High-functioning people with autistic disorder have biological differences from controls when consciously and unconsciously processing facial emotions, and these differences are most likely to be neurodevelopmental in origin. This may account for some of the abnormalities in social behaviour associated with autism.
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Early neuroimaging evidence was in agreement that the amygdala was hypo-active during the viewing of (normally) emotional facial expressions.
“As with the FFA, early neuroimaging evidence was in agreement that the amygdala was hypo-active during the viewing of (normally) emotional facial expressions (Baron-Cohen et al., 1999;Critchley et al., 2000;Pierce, Muller, Ambrose, Allen, & Courchesne, 2001).”
From Vision in autism spectrum disorders (2009) · cites this paper as Critchley et al., 2000
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- Authors
- Critchley, H. D., Daly, E. M., Bullmore, E. T., Williams, S. C. R., Van Amelsvoort, T., Robertson, D. M., Rowe, A., Phillips, M., McAlonan, G., Howlin, P., & Murphy, D. G. M.
- Affiliations
- St George's Hospital (GB)
- King's College London (GB)
- Addenbrooke's Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Critchley, Hugo D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Brain
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2000-11
- Volume
- 123
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2203-2212
- ISSN
- 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2156
- OpenAlex
- W2118201036
- Cited by
- 816
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 47
- FWCI
- 14.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, Asperger syndrome, high-functioning autism, social behavior, emotional facial expressions, emotional face processing, implicit processing, explicit processing, amygdala, cerebellum, mesolimbic system, temporal cortex, face area, social communication, neurodevelopmental differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Autistic Disorder, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Emotions, Facial Expression, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neural Pathways, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychomotor Performance, Social Behavior Disorders, Visual Perception, Asperger Syndrome
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