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Cited by 27Historical and Cultural Archaeology StudiesArchaeology and Cultural HeritageArchaeological Research and Protection

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 40 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.

The future of archaeology is (still) community collaboration

Open access
Montgomery, Lindsay M., Fryer, Tiffany C.·2023·Antiquity
DOI 10.15184/aqy.2023.98
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Abstract

In this contribution to our periodic ‘Archaeological Futures’ series, Lindsay M. Montgomery and Tiffany C. Fryer reflect on the reshaping of archaeological praxis in the Americas through recent developments in collaborative community-engaged research. Over the past 20 years, new theoretical and methodological approaches informed by decolonisation and Black feminism have shifted power dynamics within the discipline. The authors review this growing body of research, highlighting trends in collaborative archaeological research and discussing some of the ongoing challenges and tensions. They argue that this collaborative paradigm marks a new future for archaeology in the Americas, which will increasingly centre on topics of importance to Black and Indigenous scholars and descendant communities.

Overview

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

This review/commentary argues that collaborative, community-engaged archaeology in the Americas is growing and increasingly centres Black and Indigenous scholars and descendant communities, despite ongoing power struggles. It identifies diversification, CBPR normalisation, and critical theory as key trends, while cautioning that collaboration alone does not dismantle structural inequities.

Key findings

  • Conference presentations referencing collaboration at the SAA annual meeting rose from roughly 3 per cent in 2012 to over 7 per cent in 2021; at the AAA annual meeting, they rose from roughly 2 per cent to nearly 5 per cent over the same period.
  • The paper identifies three trends in collaborative research: diversification in who conducts it; normalisation of Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) designs; and greater engagement with critical theory, including decolonisation, Indigenous ontologies/epistemologies, and Black feminism.
  • The Montpelier Descendant Community controversy illustrates challenges around defining descendant communities, the mediating role of archaeologists, and the precarity of power-sharing: four senior archaeologists were fired, SAA and SHA issued statements, and the Board later conceded with 11 new members recommended by the MDC appointed.
  • The authors argue archaeologists should act as intermediaries/allies or “accomplices” rather than sole stewards, and they agree with Westmont and Clay that collaboration is not sufficient in itself to reform power imbalances.

Methods

  • Review/commentary in Antiquity’s “Archaeological Futures” series, synthesising literature and cases on collaborative and community-engaged archaeology in the Americas, with emphasis on Black and Indigenous communities.
  • Uses the Montpelier Descendant Community/Montpelier Foundation Board conflict as an illustrative case.
  • Analyses percentages of conference talks referencing collaborative research practices at SAA and AAA annual meetings, 2012–2021, including regional focus comparison (Figures 1–2), alongside qualitative discussion of trends and tensions.

Limitations

  • Paper-stated: the collaborative paradigm remains a small, albeit vocal, subset of the field; collaboration alone will not solve power inequalities; challenges persist around defining “community” and the precarity of power-sharing agreements; disincentives to community-centred work remain.
  • Evident from the text: the quantitative evidence is limited to conference presentation percentages at SAA and AAA from 2012–2021 as a proxy for disciplinary trends; the review is not described as systematic and focuses on the Americas.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.15184/aqy.2023.98

Cites

70 of 70 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

0 of 40 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingcitation

    Like other heterogeneous communities, descendants of formerly enslaved Africans at Montpelier have various relationships to and opinions about the site, the history of slavery, and the representation of 'dark heritage'.

    “Like other heterogeneous communities, descendants of formerly enslaved Africans at Montpelier have various relationships to and opinions about the site, the history of slavery, and the representation of 'dark heritage'-heritage produced in times of conflict, death, suffering and trauma (Thomas et al. 2019;Westmont 2022).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Thomas et al. 2019 source
    • cites Westmont 2022

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Findingown data

    The regional distribution of conference papers at the SAA and AAA meetings that discuss collaboration and community engagement shows that a significant component of this research is focused on North America.

    “The regional distribution of conference papers at the SAA and AAA meetings that discuss collaboration and community engagement shows that a significant component of this research is focused on North America (Figure 2).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Conference presentations at the SAA and AAA annual meetings are a valid proxy for disciplinary trends in collaborative and community-engaged research.
  • Findingreasoning

    A growing number of archaeologists who identify with Indigenous, Black and otherwise 'othered' groups are entering the fields of archaeology and heritage management.

    “A growing number of archaeologists who identify with Indigenous, Black and otherwise 'othered' groups are entering the fields of archaeology and heritage management.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingnone given

    The percentage of presentations at the SAA annual meeting referencing collaboration increased from roughly 3 per cent in 2012 to over 7 per cent in 2021.

    “Over the course of 10 years, the percentage of presentations at the SAA annual meeting referencing collaboration increased from roughly 3 per cent in 2012 to over 7 per cent in 2021.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Conference presentations at the SAA and AAA annual meetings are a valid proxy for disciplinary trends in collaborative and community-engaged research.
  • Findingreasoning

    In addition to expanding in geographical scope, the collaborative paradigm is becoming more epistemologically pluralistic.

    “In addition to expanding in geographical scope, the collaborative paradigm is becoming more epistemologically pluralistic.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim. 25
  • It may state two separate claims as one. 15

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Findingcitation

    To date, many archaeologists have approached the issue of which communities to collaborate with through the principle of multivocality, welcoming and incorporating numerous stakeholder perspectives and values to expand understandings of the past, present and future.

    “To date, many archaeologists have approached this issue through the principle of multivocality, welcoming and incorporating numerous stakeholder perspectives and values to expand understandings of the past, present and future (Atalay et al. 2014: 11-12).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Atalay et al. 2014: 11-12

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingnone given

    In the Montpelier debate, archaeologists acted as intermediaries and allies, not as primary stakeholders nor the most powerful players.

    “Although archaeologists were entangled in the struggle between the MDC and the Montpelier Foundation Board, they were not the primary stakeholders in that debate nor were they the most powerful players.Instead, archaeologists acted as intermediaries and allies.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingnone given

    While critical approaches such as Marxism, feminism and post-colonialism have influenced the development of collaborative and engaged archaeological scholarship, this new generation of research is explicitly informed by the concept of decolonisation.

    “While critical approaches such as Marxism, feminism and post-colonialism have influenced the development of collaborative and engaged archaeological scholarship, this new generation of research is explicitly informed by the concept of decolonisation.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingcitation

    This new generation of researchers have renewed pressing questions about the ethical treatment of African American human remains, while bringing attention to systemic forms of anti-Blackness within the discipline.

    “For instance, this new generation of researchers have renewed pressing questions about the ethical treatment of African American human remains (Dunnavant et al. 2021), while bringing attention to systemic forms of anti-Blackness within the discipline (Franklin et al. 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Dunnavant et al. 2021 source

      Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.

    • cites Franklin et al. 2020 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingnone given

    Within the still-emerging paradigm of collaborative research, the paper identifies three trends in the scope of research with Indigenous and descendant communities: diversification in who is conducting collaborative research; the normalisation of CBPR research designs; and a greater engagement with critical theory.

    “Within the still-emerging paradigm of collaborative research, we note three trends in the scope of research with Indigenous and descendant communities: diversification in who is conducting collaborative research; the normalisation of CBPR research designs; and a greater engagement with critical theory.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The collaborative paradigm is a distinct and coherent paradigm within archaeology.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The collaborative paradigm marks a new future for archaeology in the Americas, which will increasingly centre on topics of importance to Black and Indigenous scholars and descendant communities.

    “They argue that this collaborative paradigm marks a new future for archaeology in the Americas, which will increasingly centre on topics of importance to Black and Indigenous scholars and descendant communities.”
    • Also stated in: § Introduction · hedged
      “We argue that despite occasional regressive slippages, the growing momentum around collaborative and community-engaged research signals that, for Black and Indigenous scholars and communities, the future of archaeology is still very much collaborative and community-centric.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The Americas form a coherent region for analysing trends in collaborative archaeology.
    • Rests on an assumption: Black and Indigenous scholars and communities share a common interest in a collaborative and community-centric future for archaeology.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    The Montpelier Board aspires to achieve parity in terms of descendant representation among its membership.

    “Although the Montpelier Board aspires to achieve parity in terms of descendant representation among its membership (Montpelier 2021), this controversy reveals a slippage between the ideals of representativeness and equality and the realities of implementing structural changes that serve the goals of social justice (La Salle & Hutchings 2016: 171).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Montpelier 2021

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Unlike mainstream feminism, which has been critiqued for recentring Whiteness and heteronormativity, Black feminism has been used by archaeologists to examine the intersections between race, gender and class in the past, as well as in contemporary power relations within the discipline.

    “Unlike mainstream feminism, which has been critiqued for recentring Whiteness and heteronormativity, Black feminism has been used by archaeologists to examine the intersections between race, gender and class in the past, as well as in contemporary power relations within the discipline (Palacios 2020;King 2021).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Palacios 2020 source
    • cites King 2021 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationcitation

    The small but growing number of Black archaeologists in the field has changed not only who is involved in archaeology but also how collaborative research is conducted with African Diaspora communities.

    “The small but growing number of Black archaeologists in the field has changed not only who is involved in archaeology but also how collaborative research is conducted with African Diaspora communities (Flewellen et al. 2021(Flewellen et al. , 2022;;Reid 2022;White 2022).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Flewellen et al. 2021 source
    • cites Reid 2022 source
    • cites White 2022 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

    Interpretationreasoning

    These conversations are part of a more structural approach to disciplinary transformation; an approach that fundamentally repositions descendant communities as rights-holders rather than simply stakeholders in relation to the archaeological record.

    “These conversations are part of a more structural approach to disciplinary transformation; an approach that fundamentally repositions descendant communities as rights-holders rather than simply stakeholders in relation to the archaeological record.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

    Interpretationnone given

    Dominant heritage regimes place control of archaeological resources in the hands of predominantly white institutions and experts.

    “Finally, the Montpelier scenario reveals the precarious power of descendant communities and the continued need to push against dominant heritage regimes that place control of archaeological resources in the hands of predominantly white institutions and experts.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The implementation of UNDRIP requires a profound reorientation of who defines the benefits of archaeology (i.e. Indigenous peoples) and the locus of decision making (i.e. Indigenous Nations).

    “As several archaeologists have pointed out, the implementation of UNDRIP requires a profound reorientation of who defines the benefits of archaeology (i.e.Indigenous peoples) and the locus of decision making (i.e.Indigenous Nations; McAnany et al. 2022: 17).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites McAnany et al. 2022: 17

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The Montpelier scenario reveals the precarious power of descendant communities.

    “Finally, the Montpelier scenario reveals the precarious power of descendant communities and the continued need to push against dominant heritage regimes that place control of archaeological resources in the hands of predominantly white institutions and experts.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Clientage models and CBPR approaches each represent a significant shift along the collaborative continuum towards full community control of archaeological research and cultural heritage management.

    “Clientage models and CBPR approaches each represent a significant shift along the collaborative continuum towards full community control of archaeological research and cultural heritage management.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

    Interpretationreasoning

    There are often legitimate reasons, such as a history of injustice, to prioritise the interests and voices of some stakeholders over others.

    “There are often legitimate reasons, such as a history of injustice, to prioritise the interests and voices of some stakeholders over others.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Equality does not inherently mobilise self-determination, self-representation, or sovereignty.

    “Equality does not inherently mobilise self-determination, self-representation, or sovereignty.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Westmont and Clay 2022: 206 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The collaborative paradigm centres on building sustainable and reciprocal power-sharing partnerships with local and descendant communities, while public archaeology is a much broader concept that includes archaeological projects funded by the public, orientated around science education, or that incorporate non-specialists with no specific ties to the research.

    “While the collaborative paradigm centres on building sustainable and reciprocal power-sharing partnerships with local and descendant communities, public archaeology is a much broader concept that includes archaeological projects funded by the public, orientated around science education, or that incorporate non-specialists with no specific ties to the research (Richardson & Almansa-Sánchez 2015).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Richardson & Almansa-Sánchez 2015 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

    Interpretationnone given

    Over the past 20 years, new theoretical and methodological approaches informed by decolonisation and Black feminism have shifted power dynamics within the discipline.

    “Over the past 20 years, new theoretical and methodological approaches informed by decolonisation and Black feminism have shifted power dynamics within the discipline.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    While the concept of multivocality has broadened who archaeologists are in dialogue with, this approach has also been critiqued for failing to reform structural power dynamics in the field.

    “While the concept of multivocality has broadened who archaeologists are in dialogue with this approach has also been critiqued for failing to reform structural power dynamics in the field (a key goal of decolonisation).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The El Proyecto Santa María de la Antigua del Darién project was conceived as a community-based endeavour-a major break from conventional archaeological practice in Colombia.

    “Despite being housed under these regulatory institutions, this project was conceived as a community-based endeavour-a major break from conventional archaeological practice in Colombia (Sarcina 2021).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Sarcina 2021

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    While CBPR positions archaeologists and communities as equal partners, the clientage framework represents a more radical reformulation of power by defining archaeologists as the 'employees' of specific communities.

    “While CBPR positions archaeologists and communities as equal partners, in many ways the clientage framework represents a more radical reformulation of power by defining archaeologists as the 'employees' of specific communities.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Failing to seek substantive collaborations with communities in Latin America perpetuates an extractive mindset that is antithetical to the ethos of the collaborative paradigm.

    “Failing to do so perpetuates an extractive mindset that is antithetical to the ethos of the collaborative paradigm.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.

    Interpretationreasoning

    This creates a context wherein identifying direct descendants with whom to partner may feel nearly impossible.

    “This often results in the racialisation and proletarianisation of Indigenous peoples into a subnational class rather than an autonomous or sovereign entity, creating a context wherein identifying direct descendants with whom to partner may feel nearly impossible.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The state often exploits this impossibility by nationalising all forms of heritage that cannot be claimed by a specific family or recognised community lineage.

    “The state often exploits this impossibility by nationalising all forms of heritage that cannot be claimed by a specific family or recognised community lineage.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Archaeologists may find themselves contributing to partnerships where they are not the arbiters and where they will have to make a choice about where on the collaborative continuum they want to be: leaning toward the colonial or advocating for the community.

    “We are reminded here too that archaeologists may find themselves contributing to partnerships where they are not the arbiters and where they will have to make a choice about where on the collaborative continuum they want to be: leaning toward the colonial or advocating for the community.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    Defining 'community' within the collaborative paradigm presents a continuing philosophical problem in archaeology.

    “Defining 'community' within the collaborative paradigm presents a continuing philosophical problem in archaeology (Agbe-Davies 2010, 2011;Crooke 2010;Martindale & Nicholas 2014;Supernant & Warrick 2014).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Agbe-Davies 2010 source
    • cites Crooke 2010 source
    • cites Martindale & Nicholas 2014

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Sometimes, what is at stake in a collaborative endeavour has everything to do with who our collaborators are and are not.

    “Sometimes, we would argue, what is at stake in a collaborative endeavour has everything to do with who our collaborators are and are not.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Westmont and Clay have argued that while CBPR is an important step in working toward equality with stakeholder and descendant communities, the power inequalities inherent within archaeology as practiced in the Western world will never be solved solely by collaboration.

    “V. Camille Westmont and Elizabeth Clay (2022: 206) have argued that: while CBPR is an important step in working toward equality with stakeholder and descendant communities, the power inequalities inherent within archaeology as practiced in the Western world will never be solved solely by collaboration.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Westmont and Clay 2022: 206 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The Montpelier controversy highlights many of the challenges that surround collaboration in heritage contexts where diasporic and multifaceted descendant communities are historically marginalised and politically decentralised.

    “Whether viewed as a regressive or progressive move, the Montpelier controversy highlights many of the challenges that surround collaboration in heritage contexts where diasporic and multifaceted descendant communities are historically marginalised and politically decentralised.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The Montpelier controversy is representative of the challenges that surround collaboration in heritage contexts more broadly.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Forms of representational boundary maintenance, whether self-imposed by descendant communities or legally constructed as in federal and state recognition, inevitably end up excluding some descendants from issues of heritage management.

    “Forms of representational boundary maintenance, whether self-imposed by descendant communities, such as the MDC or legally constructed as in the case of federal and state recognition, inevitably end up excluding some descendants from issues of heritage management.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: In the USA, there are 574 federally recognised Tribal Nations that hold a political status as 'domestic dependent nations'.
    • Rests on an assumption: There are many more Indigenous peoples in the USA who are recognised only at the state level, and others who lack any legally defined status.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The development of the collaborative research paradigm coincided with the growth of Indigenous Archaeology, to which the wider paradigm is greatly indebted.

    “The development of this collaborative research paradigm coincided with the growth of Indigenous Archaeology-a specific subset of collaborative archaeologies-to which the wider paradigm is greatly indebted (Watkins 2000;Zimmerman 2008;Nicholas et al. 2011).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Watkins 2000

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Zimmerman 2008

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Nicholas et al. 2011
    • Rests on an assumption: The collaborative paradigm is a distinct and coherent paradigm within archaeology.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Until challenges and disincentives to implementing community-centred collaborations are surmounted, it will be difficult to disentangle our own failures from structural incapacitation.

    “Until we surmount the challenges and disincentives to implementing community-centred collaborations it will be difficult to disentangle our own failures from structural incapacitation.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The potential of community collaboration has yet to be fully realised.

    “In the end, we chose to title our article, 'The future of archaeology is (still) community collaboration' because the potential of community collaboration has yet to be fully realised.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Well-meaning colleagues still confuse consultation or conversation for collaboration.
33 of 33

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Conference presentations at the SAA and AAA annual meetings are a valid proxy for disciplinary trends in collaborative and community-engaged research.

    “This trend is reflected in the steady increase in the numbers of research papers referencing these topics presented at the annual meetings of the SAA and American Anthropological Association (AAA; Figure 1).”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The Montpelier controversy is representative of the challenges that surround collaboration in heritage contexts more broadly.

    “Whether viewed as a regressive or progressive move, the Montpelier controversy highlights many of the challenges that surround collaboration in heritage contexts where diasporic and multifaceted descendant communities are historically marginalised and politically decentralised.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The Americas form a coherent region for analysing trends in collaborative archaeology.

    “Building on the complex relationships and rhetoric at play in the Montpelier controversy, this article offers an overview of current and emerging trends in collaborative research in the Americas.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The collaborative paradigm is a distinct and coherent paradigm within archaeology.

    “The development of this collaborative research paradigm coincided with the growth of Indigenous Archaeology-a specific subset of collaborative archaeologies-to which the wider paradigm is greatly indebted”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Black and Indigenous scholars and communities share a common interest in a collaborative and community-centric future for archaeology.

    “We argue that despite occasional regressive slippages, the growing momentum around collaborative and community-engaged research signals that, for Black and Indigenous scholars and communities, the future of archaeology is still very much collaborative and community-centric.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    In the USA, there are 574 federally recognised Tribal Nations that hold a political status as 'domestic dependent nations'.

    “In the USA alone, there are 574 federally recognised Tribal Nations that hold a political status as 'domestic dependent nations'.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    There are many more Indigenous peoples in the USA who are recognised only at the state level, and others who lack any legally defined status.

    “There are many more Indigenous peoples in the USA, however, who are recognised only at the state level, and others who lack any legally defined status.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Native Nations and settler colonial governments have created a legal (albeit flawed) framework for defining Indigenous communities in the USA and Canada.

    “While Native Nations and settler colonial governments have created a legal (albeit flawed) framework for defining Indigenous communities in the USA and Canada, for Latin America and the Caribbean the heuristic lines between local, descendant and Indigenous communities are less clear.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    For Latin America and the Caribbean, the heuristic lines between local, descendant and Indigenous communities are less clear.

    “While Native Nations and settler colonial governments have created a legal (albeit flawed) framework for defining Indigenous communities in the USA and Canada, for Latin America and the Caribbean the heuristic lines between local, descendant and Indigenous communities are less clear.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Well-meaning colleagues still confuse consultation or conversation for collaboration.

    “Unfortunately, we still hear well-meaning colleagues confuse consultation or conversation for collaboration.”
10 of 10

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Montpelier reference gives conflicting publication years

    Minor

    The reference is listed as a 2021 publication but gives its date as 18 July 2022.

1 of 1

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 71 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 9

  1. ATALAY, S., L.R. CLAUSS, R.H. MCGUIRE & J.R. WELCH (ed.). 2014. Transforming archaeology, in Transforming archaeology: activist practices and prospects: 7-28. Walnut Creek (CA): Left Coast Press.
  2. BURNETT, J.J. 2022. Seeking radical solidarity in heritage studies: exploring the intersections of Black Feminist archaeologies and geographies in Oak Bluffs, MA. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 26: 53-78.
  3. HARRIS, O.J.T. & C.N. CIPOLLA. 2017. Archaeological theory in the new millennium. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315713250 · DOI · Paper page
  4. MARTINDALE, A. & G.P. NICHOLAS. 2014. Archaeology as federated knowledge. Canadian Journal of Archaeology 38: 434-65. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43487309.
  5. MCANANY, P.A., G. NICHOLAS, D. LIPPERT et al. 2022. Reading the fine print: what you should know about UNDRIP. Society for American Archaeology Archaeological Record 22(3): 14-18.
  6. MELOCHE, C.H., L. SPAKE & K.L. NICHOLS (ed.). 2020. Working together to do better, in Working with and for ancestors: collaboration in the care and study of ancestral remains: 1-17. New York: Taylor & Francis.
  7. MIGEON, G. 2019. Arqueología participativa comunitaria: los kaliñas de la Guayana Francesa. Boletín Antropológico 37(97): 12-34.
  8. SUPERNANT, K. & G. WARRICK. 2014. Challenges to critical community-based archaeological practice in Canada. Canadian Journal of Archaeology 38: 563-91.
  9. ZIMMERMAN, L.J. 2008. Multivocality, descendant communities, and some epistemological shifts forced by repatriation, in T.W. Killion (ed.) Opening archaeology: repatriations impact on contemporary research and practice: 91-107. Santa Fe (NM): School for Advanced Research.

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Metadata

Authors
Montgomery, L. M., & Fryer, T. C.
Affiliations
  • University of Toronto (CA)
  • University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author
Montgomery, Lindsay M.
Venue
Antiquity
Publisher
Antiquity Publications
Published
2023-08
Volume
97
Issue
394
Pages
795-809
ISSN
  • 0003-598X (ISSN-L)
  • 1745-1744
DOI
10.15184/aqy.2023.98
OpenAlex
W4385841035
Cited by
27
References
71
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5
FWCI
15.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
Antiquity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Anthropology › Historical and Cultural Archaeology Studies
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Archaeology and Cultural Heritage
  • Social Sciences › Archeology › Archaeological Research and Protection
Keywords
research collaboration, decolonization, Black feminism, Indigenous scholars, descendant communities, future of archaeology, Americas

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-11-10, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).

A second model labelled each claim on 2026-11-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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