SynGAP Regulates Steady-State and Activity-Dependent Phosphorylation of Cofilin
Open accessAbstract
SynGAP, a prominent Ras/Rap GTPase-activating protein in the postsynaptic density, regulates the timing of spine formation and trafficking of glutamate receptors in cultured neurons. However, the molecular mechanisms by which it does this are unknown. Here, we show that synGAP is a key regulator of spine morphology in adult mice. Heterozygous deletion of synGAP was sufficient to cause an excess of mushroom spines in adult brains, indicating that synGAP is involved in steady-state regulation of actin in mature spines. Both Ras- and Rac-GTP levels were elevated in forebrains from adult synGAP+/−mice. Rac is a well known regulator of actin polymerization and spine morphology. The steady-state level of phosphorylation of cofilin was also elevated in synGAP+/−mice. Cofilin, an F-actin severing protein that is inactivated by phosphorylation, is a downstream target of a pathway regulated by Rac. We show that transient regulation of cofilin by treatment with NMDA is also disrupted in synGAP mutant neurons. Treatment of wild-type neurons with 25 μ m NMDA triggered transient dephosphorylation and activation of cofilin within 15 s. In contrast, neurons cultured from mice with a homozygous or heterozygous deletion of synGAP lacked the transient regulation by the NMDA receptor. Depression of EPSPs induced by a similar treatment of hippocampal slices with NMDA was disrupted in slices from synGAP+/−mice. Our data show that synGAP mediates a rate-limiting step in steady-state regulation of spine morphology and in transient NMDA-receptor-dependent regulation of the spine cytoskeleton.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In adult mouse hippocampal CA1, mushroom spine density is increased in Syngap1+/− mice compared with wild-type, while thin and stubby spine densities are not increased.
“In the hippocampal CA1 of adult mice, the density of mushroom spines, but not those of thin or stubby spines, is increased in Syngap1+/− mice compared to WT mice [51]”
From Autism spectrum disorder: neuropathology and animal models (2017) · cites this paper as [51]
These results are consistent with signaling deficits previously reported in adult SynGAP mice.
“These results are consistent with signaling deficits previously reported in adult SynGAP mice (Carlisle et al., 2008; Komiyama et al., 2002).”
From Pathogenic SYNGAP1 Mutations Impair Cognitive Development by Disrupting Maturation of Dendritic Spine Synapses (2012) · cites this paper as Carlisle et al., 2008
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Imaging Neuronal Subsets in Transgenic Mice Expressing Multiple Spectral Variants of GFP
Feng, G., Mellor, R. H., Bernstein, M., Keller-Peck, C., Nguyen, Q. T., Wallace, M., Nerbonne, J. M., Lichtman, J. W., & Sanes, J. R. (2000) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00084-2 · Cited by 3,042 · see citing works
Structural basis of long-term potentiation in single dendritic spines
Matsuzaki, M., Honkura, N., Ellis-Davies, G. C. R., & Kasai, H. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02617 · Cited by 2,500 · see citing works
Brewer, G. J., Torricelli, J. R., Evege, E. K., & Price, P. J. (1993) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.490350513 · Cited by 2,094 · see citing works
PDZ domain proteins of synapses
Kim, E., & Sheng, M. (2004) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1517 · Cited by 1,566 · see citing works
A brain serine/threonine protein kinase activated by Cdc42 and Rac1
Manser, E. J., Leung, T., Salihuddin, H., Zhao, Z.-S., & Lim, L. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/367040a0 · Cited by 1,541 · see citing works
Regulation of actin dynamics through phosphorylation of cofilin by LIM-kinase
Arber, S., Barbayannis, F. A., Hanser, H., Schneider, C., Stanyon, C. A., Bernard, O., & Caroni, P. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/31729 · Cited by 1,426 · see citing works
Cofilin phosphorylation by LIM-kinase 1 and its role in Rac-mediated actin reorganization
Yang, N., Higuchi, O., Ohashi, K., Nagata, K., Wada, A., Kangawa, K., Nishida, E., & Mizuno, K. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/31735 · Cited by 1,296 · see citing works
Transient and persistent dendritic spines in the neocortex in vivo
Holtmaat, A. J. G. D., Trachtenberg, J. T., Wilbrecht, L., Shepherd, G. M., Zhang, X., Knott, G. W., & Svoboda, K. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.01.003 · Cited by 1,131 · see citing works
Reinsertion or Degradation of AMPA Receptors Determined by Activity-Dependent Endocytic Sorting
Ehlers, M. D. (2000) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00129-x · Cited by 1,096 · see citing works
Harris, K., & Stevens, J. (1989) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.09-08-02982.1989 · Cited by 1,073 · see citing works
Activation of LIM-kinase by Pak1 couples Rac/Cdc42 GTPase signalling to actin cytoskeletal dynamics
Edwards, D. C., Sanders, L. C., Bokoch, G., & Gill, G. N. (1999) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/12963 · Cited by 1,065 · see citing works
Rapid Actin-Based Plasticity in Dendritic Spines
Fischer, M., Kaech, S., Knutti, D., & Matus, A. (1998) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80467-5 · Cited by 905 · see citing works
Okamoto, K.-I., Nagai, T., Miyawaki, A., & Hayashi, Y. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1311 · Cited by 854 · see citing works
Do thin spines learn to be mushroom spines that remember?
Bourne, J., & Harris, K. M. (2007) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2007.04.009 · Cited by 843 · see citing works
Actin-based plasticity in dendritic spines
Matus, A. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5492.754 · Cited by 815 · see citing works
Cell Type and Pathway Dependence of Synaptic AMPA Receptor Number and Variability in the Hippocampus
Nusser, Z., Lujan, R., Laube, G., Roberts, J. D. B., Molnar, E., & Somogyi, P. (1998) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80565-6 · Cited by 804 · see citing works
Signal-Processing Machines at the Postsynaptic Density
Kennedy, M. B. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5492.750 · Cited by 788 · see citing works
Self-citationThe small pyramidal neuron of the rat cerebral cortex. The perikaryon, dendrites and spines
Peters, A., & Kaiserman‐Abramof, I. R. (1970) · American Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1002/aja.1001270402 · Cited by 740 · see citing works
Niwa, R., Nagata-Ohashi, K., Takeichi, M., Mizuno, K., & Uemura, T. (2002) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00638-9 · Cited by 694 · see citing works
Development of long-term dendritic spine stability in diverse regions of cerebral cortex
Zuo, Y., Lin, A., Chang, P., & Gan, W.-B. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.04.001 · Cited by 684 · see citing works
Lee, H.-K., Kameyama, K., Huganir, R. L., & Bear, M. F. (1998) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80632-7 · Cited by 668 · see citing works
Synaptic plasticity and dynamic modulation of the postsynaptic membrane
Lüscher, C., Nicoll, R. A., Malenka, R. C., & Müller, D. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/75714 · Cited by 641 · see citing works
SynGAP: a Synaptic RasGAP that Associates with the PSD-95/SAP90 Protein Family
Kim, J. H., Liao, D., Lau, L.-F., & Huganir, R. L. (1998) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)81008-9 · Cited by 634 · see citing works
A Synaptic Ras-GTPase Activating Protein (p135 SynGAP) Inhibited by CaM Kinase II
Chen, H.-J., Rojas-Soto, M., Oguni, A., & Kennedy, M. B. (1998) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80471-7 · Cited by 590 · see citing works
Self-citationKim, M. J., Dunah, A. W., Wang, Y. T., & Sheng, M. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.04.031 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
The postsynaptic density at glutamatergic synapses
Kennedy, M. B. (1997) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(96)01033-8 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Self-citationThe small pyramidal neuron of the rat cerebral cortex: The synapses upon dendritic spines
Peters, A., & Kaiserman-Abramof, I. R. (1969) · Zeitschrift f�r Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie · doi:10.1007/bf00344370 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
The NMDA Receptor Is Coupled to the ERK Pathway by a Direct Interaction between NR2B and RasGRF1
Krapivinsky, G. B., Krapivinsky, L., Manasian, Y., Ivanov, A., Tyzio, R., Pellegrino, C., Ben‐Ari, Y., Clapham, D. E., & Medina, I. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00645-7 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Regulation of Dendritic Spine Morphology by SPAR, a PSD-95-Associated RapGAP
Pak, D. T. S., Yang, S., Rudolph-Correia, S., Kim, E., & Sheng, M. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00355-5 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Komiyama, N. H., Watabe, A. M., Carlisle, H. J., Porter, K., Charlesworth, P., Monti, J., Strathdee, D. J. C., O'Carroll, C. M., Martin, S. J., Morris, R. G. M., et al. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-22-09721.2002 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Self-citationKalirin-7 Controls Activity-Dependent Structural and Functional Plasticity of Dendritic Spines
Xie, Z., Srivastava, D. P., Photowala, H., Kai, L., Cahill, M. E., Woolfrey, K. M., Shum, C. Y., Surmeier, D. J., & Penzes, P. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.005 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Tolias, K. F., Bikoff, J. B., Burette, A., Paradis, S., Harrar, D., Tavazoie, S., Weinberg, R. J., & Greenberg, M. E. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.01.024 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Spine architecture and synaptic plasticity
Carlisle, H. J., & Kennedy, M. B. (2005) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2005.01.008 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Self-citationTiam1 mediates Ras activation of Rac by a PI(3)K-independent mechanism
Lambert, J. M., Lambert, Q. T., Reuther, G. W., Malliri, A., Siderovski, D. P., Sondek, J., Collard, J. G., & Der, C. J. (2002) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb833 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Interplay between components of a novel LIM kinase–slingshot phosphatase complex regulates cofilin
Soosairajah, J., Maiti, S., Wiggan, O., Sarmiere, P. D., Moussi, N., Šarčević, B., Sampath, R., Bamburg, J. R., & Bernard, O. (2005) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600543 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Changes in Synaptic Morphology Accompany Actin Signaling during LTP
Chen, L. Y., Rex, C. S., Casale, M. S., Gall, C. M., & Lynch, G. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0164-07.2007 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Norris, C. M., Korol, D. L., & Foster, T. C. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-17-05382.1996 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Krapivinsky, G., Medina, I., Krapivinsky, L., Gapon, S., & Clapham, D. E. (2004) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.08.003 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Integration of biochemical signalling in spines
Kennedy, M. B., Beale, H. C., Carlisle, H. J., & Washburn, L. R. (2005) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1685 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Self-citationSynGAP regulates synaptic strength and mitogen-activated protein kinases in cultured neurons
Rumbaugh, G., Adams, J. P., Kim, J. H., & Huganir, R. L. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0600084103 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Calcium Signal-induced Cofilin Dephosphorylation Is Mediated by Slingshot via Calcineurin
Wang, Y., Shibasaki, F., & Mizuno, K. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m411494200 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
The role of synaptic GTPase-activating protein in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity
Kim, J. H., Lee, H.-K., Takamiya, K., & Huganir, R. L. (2003) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-04-01119.2003 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Contribution of cytoskeleton to the internalization of AMPA receptors
Zhou, Q., Xiao, M., & Nicoll, R. A. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.98.3.1261 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Integrin-driven actin polymerization consolidates long-term potentiation
Kramár, E. A., Lin, B., Rex, C. S., Gall, C. M., & Lynch, G. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0601354103 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
SynGAP regulates spine formation
Vazquez, L. E., Chen, H.-J., Sokolova, I., Knuesel, I., & Kennedy, M. B. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3213-04.2004 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, S., Tian, X.-J., Hartley, D., & Feig, L. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3990-05.2006 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Distinct triggering and expression mechanisms underlie LTD of AMPA and NMDA synaptic responses
Morishita, W., Marie, H., & Malenka, R. C. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1506 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Actin and the agile spine: How and why do dendritic spines dance?
Halpain, S. (2000) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01576-9 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
An Image Analysis Algorithm for Dendritic Spines
Koh, I. Y. Y., Lindquist, W. B., Zito, K., Nimchinsky, E. A., & Svoboda, K. (2002) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/089976602753712945 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Postsynaptic Mechanisms for Bidirectional Control of MAP2 Phosphorylation by Glutamate Receptors
Quinlan, E. M., & Halpain, S. (1996) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80053-7 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Penzes, P., Johnson, R. C., Alam, M. R., Kambampati, V., Mains, R. E., & Eipper, B. A. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.275.9.6395 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Oh, J. S., Manzerra, P., & Kennedy, M. B. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m314109200 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationIndependent Expression of Synaptic and Morphological Plasticity Associated with Long-Term Depression
Wang, X.-B., Yang, Y., & Zhou, Q. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2015-07.2007 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Actin filament organization within dendrites and dendritic spines during development
Markham, J. A., & Fifkova´, E. (1986) · Developmental Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0165-3806(86)90253-1 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Delgado, J. Y., Coba, M., Anderson, C. N. G., Thompson, K. R., Gray, E. E., Heusner, C. L., Martin, K. C., Grant, S. G. N., & O'Dell, T. J. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3056-07.2007 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Fleming, I. N., Batty, I. H., Prescott, A. R., Alex, G. R. A. Y., Kular, G. S., STEWART, H., & Downes, C. P. (2004) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20040916 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Patton, B. L., Molloy, S. S., & Kennedy, M. B. (1993) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.4.2.159 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
ADF/Cofilin: a functional node in cell biology
Bernstein, B. W., & Bamburg, J. R. (2010) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2010.01.001 · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Autism spectrum disorder: neuropathology and animal models
Varghese, M., Keshav, N., Jacot-Descombes, S., Warda, T., Wicinski, B., Dickstein, D. L., Harony-Nicolas, H., De Rubeis, S., Drapeau, E., Buxbaum, J. D., et al. (2017) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-017-1736-4 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Clement, J. P., Aceti, M., Creson, T. K., Ozkan, E. D., Shi, Y., Reish, N. J., Almonte, A. G., Miller, B. H., Wiltgen, B. J., Miller, C. A., et al. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.08.045 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Genetic and Epigenetic Networks in Intellectual Disabilities
van Bokhoven, H. (2011) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-110410-132512 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Rex, C. S., Chen, L. Y., Sharma, A., Liu, J., Babayan, A. H., Gall, C. M., & Lynch, G. (2009) · Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200901084 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Berryer, M. H., Hamdan, F. F., Klitten, L. L., Møller, R. S., Carmant, L., Schwartzentruber, J., Patry, L., Dobrzeniecka, S., Rochefort, D., Neugnot-Cerioli, M., et al. (2013) · Human Mutation · doi:10.1002/humu.22248 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Araki, Y., Zeng, M., Zhang, M., & Huganir, R. L. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.023 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Synaptic Signaling in Learning and Memory
Kennedy, M. B. (2016) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a016824 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Self-citationTwenty Years of SynGAP Research: From Synapses to Cognition
Gamache, T. R., Araki, Y., & Huganir, R. L. (2020) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0420-19.2020 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Aceti, M., Creson, T. K., Vaissiere, T., Rojas, C., Huang, W.-C., Wang, Y.-X., Petralia, R. S., Page, D. T., Miller, C. A., & Rumbaugh, G. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.08.001 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Synaptic Actin Dysregulation, a Convergent Mechanism of Mental Disorders?
Yan, Z., Kim, E., Datta, D., Lewis, D. A., & Soderling, S. H. (2016) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2360-16.2016 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Barnes, S. A., Wijetunge, L. S., Jackson, A. D., Katsanevaki, D., Osterweil, E. K., Komiyama, N. H., Grant, S. G. N., Bear, M. F., Nägerl, U. V., Kind, P. C., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1087-15.2015 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Gong, Y., & Lippa, C. F. (2010) · American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/1533317510382893 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Control of dendritic spine morphological and functional plasticity by small GTPases.
Woolfrey, K. M., & Srivastava, D. P. (2016) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2016/3025948 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Carlisle, H. J., Luong, T. N., Medina-Marino, A., Schenker, L., Khorosheva, E., Indersmitten, T., Gunapala, K. M., Steele, A. D., O'Dell, T. J., Patterson, P. H., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5877-10.2011 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationMuhia, M., Yee, B. K., Feldon, J., Markopoulos, F., & Knuesel, I. (2010) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07079.x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Dendritic spine actin cytoskeleton in autism spectrum disorder
Joensuu, M., Lanoue, V., & Hotulainen, P. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.08.023 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Differential gene expression in migratory streams of cortical interneurons
Antypa, M., Faux, C., Eichele, G., Parnavelas, J. G., & Andrews, W. D. (2011) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07896.x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
SYNGAP1 deficiency disrupts synaptic neoteny in xenotransplanted human cortical neurons in vivo
Vermaercke, B., Iwata, R., Wierda, K., Boubakar, L., Rodriguez, P., Ditkowska, M., Bonin, V., & Vanderhaeghen, P. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.07.007 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Libé-Philippot, B., Iwata, R., Recupero, A. J., Wierda, K., Bernal Garcia, S., Hammond, L., van Benthem, A., Limame, R., Ditkowska, M., Beckers, S., et al. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.08.021 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
- Authors
- Carlisle, H. J., Manzerra, P., Marcora, E., & Kennedy, M. B.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kennedy, Mary B.
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2008-12-10
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 50
- Pages
- 13673-13683
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC2615239
- OpenAlex
- W2095421300
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- California Institute of Technology
- National Institutes of Health (1f32ns047894-01)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS017660, NS-17660, F32NS47894, F32 NS047894)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Keywords
- SynGAP, cofilin phosphorylation, dendritic spine morphology, mushroom spines, actin cytoskeleton, Rac GTPase, Ras GTPase, NMDA receptor, activity-dependent regulation, postsynaptic density, glutamate receptor trafficking, synaptic plasticity, hippocampus
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Cytoskeleton, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Organ Culture Techniques, Phosphorylation, Blotting, Western, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, N-Methylaspartate, Mice, Knockout, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Microscopy, Confocal, ras Proteins, Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, ras GTPase-Activating Proteins, rac GTP-Binding Proteins, Long-Term Synaptic Depression, Dendritic Spines, Actin Depolymerizing Factors, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
