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Glucocorticoids and the circadian clock
Open accessAbstract
Glucocorticoids, hormones produced by the adrenal gland cortex, perform numerous functions in body homeostasis and the response of the organism to external stressors. One striking feature of their regulation is a diurnal release pattern, with peak levels linked to the start of the activity phase. This release is under control of the circadian clock, an endogenous biological timekeeper that acts to prepare the organism for daily changes in its environment. Circadian control of glucocorticoid production and secretion involves a central pacemaker in the hypothalamus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, as well as a circadian clock in the adrenal gland itself. Central circadian regulation is mediated via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the autonomic nervous system, while the adrenal gland clock appears to control sensitivity of the gland to the adrenocorticopic hormone (ACTH). The rhythmically released glucocorticoids in turn might contribute to synchronisation of the cell-autonomous clocks in the body and interact with them to time physiological dynamics in their target tissues around the day.
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“Evidence is rapidly accumulating to indicate that misalignment between central and peripheral clocks has a host of adverse effects, including an increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes (37, 39).”
From Adverse effects of two nights of sleep restriction on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy men (2014) · cites this paper as [37]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Dickmeis, T.
- Corresponding author
- Dickmeis, Thomas
- ORCID
- Dickmeis, Thomas
- Venue
- Journal of Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Bioscientifica
- Published
- 2008-10-29
- Volume
- 200
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-22
- ISSN
- 0022-0795 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-6805
- OpenAlex
- W2092647381
- Cited by
- 494
- References
- 242
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 2.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- glucocorticoids, circadian clock, suprachiasmatic nucleus, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, ACTH sensitivity, cell-autonomous clock, adrenal cortex, circadian rhythm
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Glands, Animals, Biological Clocks, Circadian Rhythm, Gene Expression Regulation, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Hypothalamus, Neurosecretory Systems
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